跨文化商务交际：中西方饮食文化的差异(英文版)

课程：跨文化商务交际Catering Culture DifferencesAs the old saying goes “people regard food as their prime want”, The any other country in the world have a traditional diet civilization and other civilization in the history of reincarnation. Each region has different dietary habits and taste, and each will develop these delicate craftsmanship become a custom, a kind of culture, this makes numerous people linger in every corner of the gourmet world. It also has a great distinction between China and the west. As one of the world ancient nations, Chinese diet has a history almost as long as that of Chinese civilization. But in western countries, food is mostly considered as an essential means for survival and a communication means. Cultural difference created the differences between Chinese and western Catering Culture, and the difference comes from Chinese and western different way of thinking and philosophy. The differences in dietary concepts, diet object, cooking methods, diet tableware, dietary mode, environment and atmosphere, one day eating had reflected the different catering culture.Differences in dietary conceptsChinese diet pays attention to the “color, flavor, taste” and surface. Chinese people reach almost acme for the pursuit of delicacy. Chinese cooking method is to reconcile, and the ultimate goal is to reconcile out of a beautiful taste.Western diet is a rational concept. Western people especially pay attention to balanced collocation of nutrition and care about is whether the foods nutrition collocation is proper pr not, whether these nutrients can be fully absorbed or not. So the diversity of food is lacking ,no matter how luxurious the grade is. Differences in diet objectBecause China is a agricultural country in ancient times, and combined with population pressure and the existence of a variety of reasons, so since the pre-Qin period, Chinese food is given priority to with grain, supplemented by vegetables, there is very little meat. But with the improvement of living standards and the popularity of nutrition concept, in the Chinese dinner table, is stepping up the proportion of meat and dairy foods. Chinese cuisine has a number of different genres, the main representatives of which are Eight Cuisines. Every cuisine is distinctive from one another due to the differences in climate, geography, history, cooking techniques and lifestyle. Westerners pay more attention to ingestion of animal protein and fat, dietary structure is given priority to with animal food, mainly beef, chicken, pork, mutton, fish and so on. Westerners also love the cold food, from cold dish plate and salad to cold drink, table without cold dish. They love to eat vegetables raw, including raw tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce, cabbage, onion, broccoli, etc. They like sweet food very much, such as desert and chocolate.Differences in cooking methodsIn China, cooking is an art. There are many cooking methods, for example, slip, braised, burning, poach, steamed, fried, crisp, stewed, grilled, stewed, blasting and so on. The change of the Chinese food process is relatively complex. Chinese has a old sentence chef-third of art, material-seventh power which emphasizes chefs choice of raw materials, the importance of the step to use, in other words, the standard for dishes of raw materials plays a decisive role.Westerners pay attention to science and nutrition, so the whole process of cooking are in strict accordance with the scientific and standardized way, food production standardization, and the chefs work has become an extremely monotonous mechanical work. Therefore making western-style food is easy, so long as you cook according to cookbook manual. Western cooking method is not as complicated as China, and they dont have many skills for cooking, mostly they only boil, steam and bake the food. By the way, Western people are very good at making desert and chocolate.Differences in diet tablewareThere is also a huge difference between Chinese and Western people. Chinese people use chopsticks to pick things and pass it into mouse. But western people use fork and knife to hold the meat and cut it so that get the piece of meat into mouse.Chinese and western tableware has its deep cultural origin. China since ancient times advocated Reconciliation, tended to live and work in peace and contentment, peaceful coexistence and oppose aggression, so on the choice of tableware, Chinese people selected gentle, without damage, moderate chopsticks, while in the west, many countries whose ancestors were hunting nationality, in order to exist in cruel harsh environment, they must be able to learn how to use sharp instrument hunt. This tendency is reflected in the tableware. Cutting and poking let a person feel struggle against the nature of cruelty and oppression.Differences in dietary modeDietary mode is also the problem of how to eat, there are significant differences between Chinese and western, in China, no matter you eat in family meals or formal banquet, also sitting around, sharing food, toasting each other, and owners sometimes use chopsticks to guests and take their food bowl, using a variety of ways to persuade them to eat more, to show hospitality, the mutual respect between people and the reunion of the atmosphere. This dietary mode is an important tradition in the history of Chinese food culture.Westerners are used to divide and food, someone would first distribute food with a ration of one person. In western banquet, although also sitting, but everyones food is packed separately by dishes. Dont have a fixed seat, you can walk freely to facilitate emotions and information exchange between individuals. This way of eating custom fully reflects the westerners about human nature, respect for self, stressed the personal independence and autonomy.Differences in environment and atmosphereThe atmosphere of Chinese food is particular about taste and participation. They sit around table and eat the dish in the same plate, enjoying the food and game together. It makes people mentally get edify, the mood is more relaxed. The friendship between person and person is deeper after a meal.Westerners like elegant and quiet environment, and they are particular about scenery. they pay attention to your manners at the dinner table, can not lose the etiquette, for example, you cant send out the voice of ugly when dining, you should close your mouth when you chew food, you dont talk with mouths full of food, etc. Western pay attention to quiet table, banning talking loudly.Differences in one day eatingChinese people usually have three meals during a day. At breakfast, we eat porridge and cooked wheaten food. Lunch is our main meal and there are staple food rice, a variety of vegetables, meat or fish, soup. At dinner, Chinese people think ”fine and less stress”.In the west, the breakfast is very abundant and nutritive, such as bread, milk, eggs, coffee, sausage, potatoes, fruit, cereals, etc. Western lunch is sandwich or hot dogs, a glass of beer, noodles, bread. Dinner is their main meal and there are pizza, a staple of steak, bread, chicken, fruit salad. Besides, westerners also have afternoon tea. Usually they would have fruits, homemade cake, tea or biscuit with cheese. If you are a housewife and have a lot of time, you may have morning tea as well.Traditional Chinese catering culture, has a long history and bright light. In the west where the Chinese have a Chinese restaurant, it is also a lot of places frequented by westerners, like Chinatown. Since reform and opening up, western food, especially western fast food, spread to Chinas catering market, gives us a variety of different foods, Chinese people opened western restaurant