主谓一致语法总结ppt课件.ppt

主谓一致SubjectverbConcord/Agreement,主谓一致指句子主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致。主谓一致有三原则：语法一致(GrammaticalConcord)意义一致(NotionalConcord)就近原则(PrincipleofProximity),1,1.Itisfutiletodiscussthematterfurther,because_goingtoagreeuponanythingtoday.（2003-50）A.neitheryounorIareB.neitheryounormeisC.neitheryounorIamD.neithermenoryouare,答案：C参考译文：进一步讨论这个事情是无益的，因为今天你我都在任何事情上不愿达成一致。原则：就近原则PrincipleofProximity,2,1）当therebe句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.2）当or,nor,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。Eitheryouorsheistogo.,3,3)在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here,there开头，be动词与后面第一个名词一致。如：Thereisadognearthedoor.Therewerenoschoolsinthisareabeforeliberation.Herecomesthebus.Onthewallweretwofamouspaintings.HereisMr.Brownandhischildren.,4,2.Mr.Wells,togetherwithallthemembersofhisfamily,_forEuropethisafternoon.A.aretoleaveB.areleavingC.isleavingD.leave,答案：C参考译文：威尔斯先生,连同所有的家人,今天下午出发去欧洲。原则：语法一致GrammaticalConcord,5,如果主语后跟有with,togetherwith,alongwith,but,except,besides,perhaps,like,including,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,morethan,ratherthan,inadditionto,accompaniedby,等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如：1）Hissister,nolessthanyou,iswrong.2）Thefather,ratherthanthebrothers,isresponsiblefortheaccident.3）He,likeyouandXiaoLiuisverydiligent.4）Everypictureexceptthesetwohasbeensold.5）Aliceaswellasherfriendswasinvitedtotheconcert.6）NobodybutMaryandIwasintheclassroomatthattime.,6,3.Thestatistics_thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.A.provesB.isprovingC.areprovingD.prove,答案：D解析：statistics在本句中表示“数据统计”而不是“统计学”，因此谓语动词不可用第三人称单数；此外prove表示“（已）证明”，不可用现在进行时态，因此，D为正确。原则：意义一致NotionalConcord,7,以”ics”结尾表示学科名称的名词做主语，谓语动词多用单数；但如果其表达“学科”以外的其他意义，谓语动词便可用复数。acoustics（声学;音响效果）athletics（体育学;体育运动）economics（经济学;经济意义）ethics（伦理学;行为准则）tactics（兵法;策略）mathematics（数学;运算能力）optics（光学;光线器件）physics（物理学;物理现象）politics（政治学;政治观点）linguistics（语言学）,8,4.AllthePresidentsMen_oneoftheimportantbooksforhistorianswhostudytheWatergateScandal.（2007-52）A.remainB.remainsC.remainedD.isremaining,答案：B参考译文：惊天大阴谋是一本重要的书，可供历史学家研究“水门事件”。解析：AllthePresidentsMen是一个书名，谓语动词用单数，此句在阐述事实，所以用一般现在时态。,9,复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。如：1）TheUnitedStatesisinNorthAmerica.2）TheUnitedNationshaspassedaresolution（决议）。3）TheArabianNights（天方夜谭）isaninterestingbook.4）TheNewYorkTimesisagoodnewspaper.,10,5.Theresearchrequiresmoremoneythan_.（2007-61）A.havebeenputinB.hasbeenputinC.beingputinD.tobeputin,答案：B解析：本句中连词than后面省略了主语it，此处it指代的是前面提到的money，因此后面的动词用单数；从语义上来看，这里是比较需要的钱和已经投入的钱，故用现在完成式hasbeenputin,11,6.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?（2012-65）A.Poultryareveryexpensiveinthecity.B.Newmachinerywereintroducedinthefactory.C.Thepoliceareinvestigatingthemurdercase.D.Themilitiawerecalledouttorescuefloodvictims.,答案：B原则：语法一致和意义一致,12,1).通常做复数的集体名词，如police,people,folk,youth,clergy（教士）,cattle,militia,poultry（家禽）,vermin（害虫）等；以“ch、sh、-ese”等结尾的表示国籍的词，如TheFrench,TheBritish,TheChinese等，谓语动词用复数。Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.TheChinesearefamousfortheirhospitality.2).通常做不可数的集体名词,表示总称，如machinery,stationery（文具）,furniture,merchandise（商品）,foliage（树和植物叶子的总称），谓语动词用单数。Newmachineryisbeinginstalledinthefactory.,以集体名词（CollectiveNoun)做主语时:,13,3).有些集体名词如family,team,group,class,audience,government,public（公众）,等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：Myfamilyisgoingtohavealongjourney.Myfamilyarefondofmusic.Theclasshaswonthehonor.Theclasswerejumpingforjoy.,4.)如果主语是由“acommitteeof/apanelof/aboardof+复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。Acommitteeoffivemenandthreewomenistoconsiderthematter.,14,某些固定结构中谓语的数：agreatmany+可数名词复数谓语用复数themajorityof+可数名词复数谓语用复数anumberof+可数名词复数谓语用复数thenumberof+可数名词复数谓语用单数neither/eitherof+可数名词复数谓语用单数oneandahalf+可数名词复数谓语用单数each/every+可数名词单数谓语用单数morethanone+可数名词单数谓语用单数manya+可数名词单数谓语用单数thegreaterpartof/alargeproportionof/50%of/onethirdof/plentyof/therestof谓语的数与of后面的名词一致Twothirdsofthestudentsaregirlsinourclass.,15,Morethanonepersonhere_withthedisease.A.hasbeeninfectedB.havebeeninfectedC.hasbeeninfectingD.havebeeninfectingMorestudentsthanone_.A.werepunishedB.ispunishedC.waspunishedD.willpunish,More复数名词thanone和morethanone单数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。,16,7.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisgrammaticallyINCORRECT?（2013-59）A.Politicsaretheartorscienceofgovernment.B.Tenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.C.Mumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease.D.Allthefurniturehasarrivedundamaged.,答案：A方法：直选法或排除法,17,A.表示学科一类的名词作主语时B.表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如：1）Threeyearsisnotalongtime.2）Tendollarsiswhatheneeds.3）Fivehundredmilesisalongdistance.C.表示疾病的名词做主语，虽以“S”结尾但谓语动词多用单数。arthritis(关节炎），bronchitis(支气管炎），diabetes（糖尿病）,tuberculosis（肺结核）,measles（麻疹），mumps(腮腺炎），rickets(软骨病）等Diabetesisconsideredadiseasethatbelongstothewealthy/therich.D.集体名词作主语时,18,1）Thewriterandworkerarecomingtoourschooltomorrow.2）Thewriterandtheworkerarecomingtoourschooltomorrow.3）Breadandbutteristheirdailyfood.4）Breadandbutteraretheirdailyfood.,请判断句子正误并解释,并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。,19,the+形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，如thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeaf,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等谓语动词用复数形式。;但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则谓语动词用单数，这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man,person或表示人的单数连用。,1）Theyoungisusuallyveryactive.2）Thedeparted(死者)wasawell-knownengineer.,20,1）Everyboyandgirlhavebeeninvitedtotheparty.所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。2）Noteacherandnostudentareabsenttoday.今天没有老师和学生缺席。3）Manyastudentsisbusywiththeirlessons.许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。,有each,every,no,manya修饰名词时，谓语动词要用单数形式。,21,1）Eachtakesacupoftea.2）Eitheriscorrect.3）Neitherofthemlikethispicture.,由each,either,one,another,theother,neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,由every,some,any,no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,1）Iseveryonehere?2）Nothingistobedone.没有什么要干的事儿了。,22,Exercise,1.Aroundandasquaretable_intheshopwindow.A.wasexhibitingB.wasexhibitedC.wereexhibitingD.wereexhibited2.Whenhegottothefair(交易会),whatwereleftbehind_tenemptybottles.A.wasB.wereC.justD.only,23,3.Everypolicemanandfireman_onthealert.A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.are4.Tenpercentoftheworkersinthisc