高中英语短文改错题做题技巧探秘

2011届高三英语复习资料之短文改错。一、体裁和句式：体裁以记叙文为主，句子结构以简单句为主过渡到以复合句和并列句为主。从近几年考试题来看，短文改错的句子平均长度趋于平稳，由于多数句子不是只占一行，所以只有读完整个句子，仔细分析，才能发现错误、纠正错误。但几乎每篇都有一个长达20多个词的句子。这就需要考生在这个句子中判断出二到三个地方有错或无错，增加了试题的难度。二、归纳短文改错错误类型:(一) 词法的测试1.名词：主要是查名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。eg: 1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music. Hobby是可数名词，在这要用复数形式；playing football是一项运动，football只是一种球； sing和listen to 要用动名词形式。 2) Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作运动讲是不可数名词，do exercise作主语要用动名词形式，谓动用单数；healthy是形容词， 这里要用名词形式。 3) Reading books is one of my hobby. one of 后的名词应用复数形式。2. 代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致，常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.前面提到的是he而后面却用her来代，故应将her改为him. 2).This is the best film which I have ever seen. 先行词前有最高级修饰应用关系代词that 而不是which。3. 冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改 错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a，该用a(n)却用了the.1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the thingsletter为可数名词,故write后应加a. 2) I like playing the football. 去the 3) He is a honest boy. a改为an4. 介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配，介词惯用词组等是否正确。1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help.thank sb. for sth.为固定搭配，故应将with 改为for.2) Im the happiest in all.此句想表达的意思是“我是所有人中最高兴的”。故应将in改为 of. 3) Under the help of my father, I under 改为 with 4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday. in 改为on5. 形容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误用也是常考的改错项目之一。1) I had not interest in English .interest是名词，应用形容词no来修饰，而not是副词，副词不能修饰名2) These are the happier girls Ive ever seen.(NMET2007)此处有Ive ever seen限定，应用最高级，故happier应改为 happiest.3) You can borrow a book very easy. easy 改为easily.4) These books are very worth reading. 用well 修饰6. 连词：短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否 符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but , not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither nor, as well as等。1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting. 由于前句有As引导原因状语从句，因此后句不能再用so,故应把so 去掉。 2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people. 根据上下文意思判断，前后两个并列分句不存在意义上的折，所以but应改为and或so.这是典型的并列连词误用。7. 动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误 包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误; 动 词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。1) 动词的时态、语态错误a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.take photos动作发生在过去，应用过去时. b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days. 根据本句意义，should后应加上been，构成被动语态。c. In school, I often playing football for my friends. playing改为 play; for 改为with2) 易混动词使用错误a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didnt listen. persuade 意为“说服”，强调成功的结果，而根据下句 he didnt listen可知，劝说并没有成功，故应改persuaded为 advised.b. You please rise your hands. rise是不及物动词，而raise是及物动词，所以举手应用 raise your hands.这属于及物动词与不及物动词的误用。3) 非谓语动词使用错误a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party. look forward to 中的to是介词，应加动名词，将see改为seeing.b. Im sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.在任何情况下keep均和doing连用，如keep doing sth.; keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep from doing 等.c. Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.to后加be。因其后是名词，而不是动词原形，不能直接用to.8. 词语固定搭配:主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“写日记”.2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. To ones surprise 是固定搭配3) I thought that was dull to watch a game(NMET2005)此题考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do为固定结构。4) the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析： not only but also为固定结构，故将and 改为but.5) I have no difficulty learn maths.have difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定结构6) He spends too much time play games.spend some time (in) doing sth.为固定结构 (二) 句法的测试：1主谓语在数上的一致；I hope everything are ok with you. are 改为is2名词性从句；A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是连词，在从句中无任何意义，而后面的宾语从句缺宾语，用what引导宾语从句作宾语从句的宾语。 3定语从句；This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out.them改为 which4强调句型；It is/was +被强调的部分+that/whoIt was in 1949 when he joined the army. when改为that5句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。(三)语篇的测试 语篇的测试包括：1上下文中的时态是否一致；2上下文中的代词是否一致；3上下文中的逻辑是否一致；4上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。三、注意问题：短文改错时改“错”，而不是把文中的表达法改成另外的表达形式。很多考生对这个概念比较模糊。把原文中并没有错的形式改成了自己认可的另外一种形式，虽然改后的表达法也是对的，但这样做偏离了这类题型的答题要求，因而也不能得分。四、复习建议：除了多做改错专项练习外，也要做与短文改错题型相关的其他练习。比如：1.在平时写作过程中就要十分注意自己容易犯的语法错误。2.还可以通过看其他同学的习作，欣赏的同时也可有意识地把该习作进行一下“改错”。3.平时还可以多进行单句改错练习，逐渐体会和把握短文改错这一题型的规律。（一）改前通读全文, 切忌拿来就改，这一步很关键。这一步的目标是了解短文的中心意思，把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑。记叙文强调时间、地点、人物和事件四要素，在通读全文理解全文的同时把一些比较容易的或是明显的错误先改好（二）分句阅读，逐行找错。在纠错时要仔细地读懂每一个句子，这时就要对文中的词法、句法和语篇(详见考查要点)角度着重分析和特别注意。把涉及 到以上错误类型的词多斟酌一下。（三）做将答案放回原文,再重读全文。其目的主要是查看有无不符合逻辑,语句不通畅,不符合英语习惯的问题。 2013年高考英语短文改错专题训练(1)(3)DearPeter,Myparentsliveinthecountry.TheykeepadogcallingAhFu.OnedaymyparentwenttoworkinthefieldstakingmylittlesisterwithAhFualong.Whiletheyworking,mysisterwalkedtotherivernearby.AhFufollowedherthere.Shewastryingtopickaflowerwhileshefellintotheriver.AhFubarkedandjumpedtothewaterimmediate.WhenmyparentsheardAhFubarkingtheyrantotheriver.TheysawAhFuswimmingtowardsthebankcarriedmylittlesister.MyparentspraisedAhFuwarm.ItwasourbraveAhFuwhohadsavedmylittlesister(2)MayIhaveyourattention,please?Ihaveanannouncementmake.TheStudentUnionisgoingtoholdapartyinSaturdayevening,August15,towelcomemyfriendsfromtheUnitedStates.ThepartywillbeholdintheroofgardenoftheMainBuilding.Itwillbeginat7:30p.m.Therewillhavemusic,dancing,singing,gamesandexchangeofgift.Everybodymaybringasmallgiftonthispurpose.Remembertowrapitup,signyournameandwriteafewwordsofgoodwish.Dontforget:7:30,Saturdayevening,roofgarden,MainBuilding.Thereissuretobealotoffun.Everybodyiswelcomed.WeresogladyourecomingtojoinusonSunday.Hereiswhatyoucanfindus.WellhaveourpicnicsinthePeoplesPark.Youknowwherethatis,isntyou?Afteryouenteredtheparkbythemaingate,walkstraightlyontillyoucometoastream.Crossthestreamandturningright.Afterwalkinginawhileyoullcometoahill.Walkaroundtoothersideofthehill.Thereyoullseealake.Wellhaveourpicnichereinthesmallwoodbythelake.Imsureyoullhavenotroublefindingus.Docome!Yours.(4)AfewdaysbeforemybrotherandIwenttothecinemabybicycle.Mybrotherwasridingwithmeseatingontheseatbehind.Aswecametothecrossroad,ayoungmanandagirlcameupandstoppedus.Wevefoundyoulonglast,theysaid.Andwedontknowthem.Pointtoapolicemannotfaraway,theyoungmanexplained,Hestoppedusabouthalfhouragoandmadeustocatchthenextoffender.Socomeon,standhere.Hopingyoudonthavetowaitaslongaswedid.Goodluck.May3rd,Sundayfine(5)DearMrSmith,IwassopleasetohearfromyouandImwritingtotellyousomethingaboutmyschool.Youareright,quitefewchangeshavebeentakenplace.Ontheonesideoftheroad,therehasanewclassroombuilding.Ontheothersidewhichaplaygroundusedtobenowstandanothernewbuilding,ourlibrary.Initthereareallkindofbooks,newspapersormagazines.Theplaygroundisnowinfrontofschool.Wevealsoplantalotoftreesinandaroundtheschool.Ihopeyoucomeandseeforyourselfsomedays.Yours， Bestwishes!(4)AfewdaysbeforemybrotherandIwenttothecinemabybicycle.Mybrotherwasridingwithmeseatingontheseatbehind.Aswecametothecrossroad,ayoungmanandagirlcameupandstoppedus.Wevefoundyoulonglast,theysaid.Andwedontknowthem.Pointtoapolicemannotfaraway,theyoungmanexplained,Hestoppedusabouthalfhouragoandmadeustocatchthenextoffender.Socomeon,standhere.Hopingyoudonthavetowaitaslongaswedid.Goodluck.May3rd,Sundayfine(5)DearMrSmith,IwassopleasetohearfromyouandImwritingtotellyousomethingaboutmyschool.Youareright,quitefewchangeshavebeentakenplace.Ontheonesideoftheroad,therehasanewclassroombuilding.Ontheothersidewhichaplaygroundusedtobenowstandanothernewbuilding,ourlibrary.Initthereareallkindofbooks,newspapersormagazines.Theplaygroundisnowinfrontofschool.Wevealsoplantalotoftreesinandaroundtheschool.Ihopeyoucomeandseeforyourselfsomedays.Yours,Bestwishes!(6)LiHuaMynameisLiHua.IwasborninDalian,LiaoningprovinceonFebruary1977.Istartedschoolin1984whileIwasseven.IstudiedinGuangmingPrimarySchool1984to1990.AfterthatIwenttoNo.6MiddleSchoolofDalianandgraduatethissummer.ThemainsubjectsIstudiedatschoolincludingChinese,maths,English,physics,chemicalandcomputer.IlikeEnglishandcomputerbestbutIamverygoodatthem.LastyearIhadwonfirstprizeintheschoolcomputercompetition.InmysparetimeIenjoylisteningtopopularmusicandcollectstamps.Myfavouritesportareswimminginsummerandskatinginwinter.（7)DearDick,Hownicetohearfromyouagain!Youwanttoknowwhatisgoingoninschoolsinchina.Inshort,thingshavebeguntoimprovesincewecalledonschooltoreducelearningload.Idontknowabouttheothers,butIusedtohavetodoworksevenonweekendsbydoingendlesshomeworkandattendingclassesaswell.Now,Ihavemorefreetime.Icanfollowmyowninterests,suchasreadingbooks,visitingmuseums,andtakingcomputerlessons.Intheevenings,IcanwatchnewsonTVorreadnewspapers.Whatsmore,Icangotobedearlier.AsfarasIknow,everyoneishappyaboutthenewarrangementofthings.Bestwishes!Yours.(8)Almostallofusheardthestory“HereComestheWolf”whenwearelittlekids.Whatwecanlearnfromthestoryiswemustbehonest.Therefore,thererelotsofphenomenonofdishonestynowadays.Beinghonestdoesgreatharmnotonlytootherpeopleandalsotoyourself.Takethecaseoffakemilkpowderforanexample.Afterdrinkingthiskindofmilk,thebabyhadbigheadswhiletheirlegsandarmswerestillthin,whatbadlyaffectedtheirhealth.Tomygreatrelief,theproducersgotaccusedandpunishednetalltheseriousconsequencesintheend.(9)DearBob,ImsogladtolearnthatyouarecomeinSeptember.Ifoundaplaceforyou.Itsasmallflatof25squaremetre,withabedroom,abathroomorakitchen.Inthebedroomthereisabed,asofa,adeskandthechair.Therentis500yuanspermonth.TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet,itisnotfarfromJianxinChineseSchool.BusNo.11cantakeyoustraightlytotheschool.Infact,itsonlyonestopway.Doyouthinkyoudlikeit?Ifso,Icantryandfindanotherplaceforyou.Justletmeknow.Yours.(10)Itiswell-knownthatweexistinthedynamicworldwithvariousdifficulties.Whenwearefacedthem,nothingismoreimportantthanhopeandself-confidence.Withconfidence,wecanfindsometimethequestionisnotas“huge”soweimagine.Takemostofourforexample,theentranceexamtocollegeseemtobeahorriblemonster.According,somepeoplegiveup,somepersist.Inmyeyes,withconfidence,rightassessmentofthedifficulties,asgoodasfullpreparation,tryandexertyourstrength,butthenwewillovercomeallproblemsandchallenges.Onthewhole,Ibelieveweyoungstershouldfacethedifficultiesinrightmanner.Andnothingisimpossible,braveitoutandjustdoit!（1）答案【解析】1.此处是过去分词作短语作定语，因此，将calling改为called。2.根据上下文可知，parent应是复数，所以将parent改为parents。3.此处mylittlesister和AhFuandalong并列关系，所以将with改为and。4.根据句意，此处应是过去进行时，所以将they加were。5.此处的river首次出现泛指，所以将the改为a。6.此句意思是“在他摘花时，意外掉入河中”应用bedoingsthwhen句型，所以将while改为when。7.根据句意，此处“跳入河中”，所以将to改为into。8.此处应是状语，应是副词，所以将immediate改为immediately。9.此处是现在分词作宾补，所以将carried改为carrying10.此处的warm是praised的状语，所以将warm改为warmly。（2）答案【解析】1、该句子用的是havesthtodo而不是havesbdo,在make前加to。2、指某一天的上下午时用介词on而不用in。3、此处的fiends应是讲话一方的朋友，是复数概念，将my改为our。4、根据句意，此处是将来被动，应将hold改为held。5、表示从在的有用therebe不是therehave,应将have改为be。6、此处的exchange与dancing,singing,是并列关系，应将exchange改为exchanging。7、此处的gift是大家交换，是复数，应将gift改为gifts。8、根据句意，此处是为了这一目的，应是forthispurpose;而onpurpose“故意”。9、此处的wish应是复数概念，所以将wish改为wishes。10、Welcome一次即可作动词，又可作形容词，所以，应将welcomed改为welcome。（3）答案【解析】1、此处的从属连词在从句中作方式，故将what改为how。2、此处是单数概念，应是picnic。3、此处的反意疑问句应与主句的人称、数等保持一致，而不是与从句保持一致，所以将isnt改为dont。4、根据上下文设计概念可知此处一般现在时，所以将entered改为enter。5、straight形容词和副词同形，此处应是straight。6、turn和cross是并列谓语，将turning改为turn。7、forawhile是“一会儿”而inawhile则是“过一会儿”根据句意，此处应是forawhile.8、此处的other应是特指，前面应有the.9、此处是指那里，应用there。10、wood在此处是“小树林”应用woods。（4）答案【解析】1、根据句子时态和句意此处应是“几天前”，所以将before改为ago.2、此次是现在分词作宾补，表示主动，所以将seating改为seated或sitting。3、crossroad表示“十字路口”时常用Crossroads。4、根据文意，“最终找到”atlonglast是固定搭配。一次在long前加at。5、前后两句语义转折，所以将and改为but。6、根据上下文此处是一般过去时，所以将dont改为didnt。7、根据句子结构，此处的Point应是分词作伴随状语，所以将point改为pointing。8、此处halfanhour是固定搭配，所以在half后加an。9、此处是makesbdosth结构，所以去掉catch前的to。10、此句是祈使句，应将hoping改为hope。（5）答案【解析】1、此处please是动词应该用形容词pleased.2、词句中的takeplace不用被动语态，所以去掉been。3、表示存在的有用therebe所以将has改为is。4、whichaplaygroundusedtobe定语从句，关系词在从句表示“处所、地点”应用where。5、此句是倒装句，其主语是anothernewbuilding，所以将stand改为stands。6、allkindsof是固定搭配，所以kind应是复数。7、newspapers和magazines是比并列而不是选择关系，所以该or为and。8、介词infrontof后的school指具体的学校，前应加the。9、此处现在完成时，应将plant改为过去分词。10、根据句意可知应是“某一天”，而不是“几天”，所以将days改为day。（6）答案【解析】1、在英语中表示某年某月用介词，而不用on。2、此句意思是：我七岁时开始上学，所以应用when而不是while。3、根据句意，此处应是从某时到某时，英文常用fromto，所以在1984前加from。4、根据句意和上下文，该句应该是过去时态，所以将graduate改为graduated。5、该句中的include是谓语动词，应该用included.6、该居中的学科名称是并列关系，应将chemical改为chemistry名词。7、根据连词前后句意义，应该是顺承关系，而不是转折关系，所以将but改为and。8、句中有lastyear时间状语，应是一般过去时，所以去掉had。9、此句中的collect和listening是并列成分，作enjoy宾语，因此，将collect改为collecting。、10、从动词are可知sport应是复数。（7）答案【解析】1、此处是收到来信，应是hearfrom。2、此句是宾语从句，根据句意应将