高中英语句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型

高中英语句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型课件,句子成分,组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分它包括主，谓，宾，宾补，表（直宾，间宾），定，状主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。表语，宾语和宾补是谓语里的组成部分。定语和状语是句子的次要部分。,句子成分的构成,句子的主干成分：,主语、谓语、宾语、表语,句子的次要成分：,定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语,主语,1.主语是谓语讲述的对象。2.表示所说的“是什麽”，“是谁”，3.一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。4.它在句首。WestudyinNo.7MiddleSchool.Theclassroomisveryclean.ToteachthemEnglishismyjob.Surfing,divingandswimmingareallwatersports.,谓语,1.说明主语“做什麽”，“是什麽”，或“怎麽样”。2.必须用动词。3.和主语在人称，数两个方面必须一致（主谓一致）。4.在主语后面。Hisparentsaredoctors.Shelookswell.Westudyhard.Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.HecanspeakEnglish.,表语,1.说明主语“怎麽样”，或“是什麽”。2.位于在be动词,系动词后面。Youlookyoungerthanbefore.Iamateacher.Everybodyishere.MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.Theyareathomenow.,系动词（必背）,be(amisarewaswere)/seem/keep/是/好象(似乎)是/保持look/feel/taste/smell/sound/看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)感官动词become/turn/get/grow/变得,宾语,1.是动作，行为的对象。2.由名，代，或相当于名词的词，短语来担任。3.它和及物动词一起说明主语做什麽。4.在谓语(及物动词后，)之后。分为直接宾语和间接宾语。Sheisplayingthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme.Helikestosleepintheopenair.WeenjoylivinginChina.,及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词:see/hear/drank/eat/Isawhimlastweek.Weheardthebadnewsyesterday.Theyeatbreadeveryday.Hedrankaglassofmilkjustnow.,不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词:laugh/smile/look/listen/Shesmiledhappily.Theylaughedloudly.如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助:Shelookattheblackboardcarefully.Helistenedtohisteacherinclass.Theylaughedatusafterthematch.,定语,用来修饰名词或代词。定语起类似于形容词的修饰作用，Theblackbikeismine.Whatisyourname?Theymadepaperflowers.TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeTwo.Ihavesomethingtodo.,状语,1.修饰动词，形容词或副词,状语类似于副词。2.一般表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度等意义。3.一般放句末，有的也可放在句首，句中。Hediditcarefully.Withouthishelp,wecouldntworkitout.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.,简单句的五种基本类型,英语的句子结构,简单句,并列句,复合句,*几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成并列句;*几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句的复合句。,简单句,简单句的五种句型,1）SV主语谓语,eg.Thetelephonerang.Hisfathermighthavedied.,2)SVP主语谓语表语,eg.Theplansoundsperfect.Frankisanartist.,3)SVO主语谓语宾语,eg.Isawabird.Mysisterenjoyedtheplay.,简单句的五种句型,4）SVOiOd主语谓语+间接宾语直接宾语,eg.TheladygaveJackawatch.Myfatherboughtmeabicycle.,5)SVOC主语谓语宾语补语,eg.Theycalledhimafool.Shefoundthechildrenfastasleep.,*在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到谓语!*做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化；还有及物动词与不及物动词的区别。,基本句型1+（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,基本句型2+（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思这类动词叫做连系动词。,基本句型3+（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,基本句型4+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。Shelentmeabook.-Shelentabooktome.Heboughtmeanewbike.-Heboughtanewbikeforme.,基本句型5+（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,主谓间宾直宾interestB.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest,实际应用I,8.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_thegirlandtookheraway,_intothewoods.A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing,实际应用I,9.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smellD.tobesmelt,实际应用I,10.Englishhasalargevocabulary,hasntit?-Yes,_morewordsandexpressionsandyoullfinditeasiertoreadandcommunicate.A.KnowB.KnowingC.ToknowD.Known,实际应用I,11.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed,实际应用II,II.Correctthemistakesinthesentences.(Eachsentencehasonlyonemistake.),MyparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.,to,2.Hesaidhewasbusy.Thatis,agameoftennismakinghimverybusy.,made,实际应用II,3.Rememberingnottoshoutatthem.,Remember,4.Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.,when,5.IwassotiredthatIfeltasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.,实际应用II,6.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChinese.,7.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.,it,8.Cleverassheis,butsheworksveryhard.,实际应用II,9.Idreamofstandingontheplatformintheclassroomandgivelessonstolovelyboysandgirls.,andgirls.,givinglessonstolovelyboys,11.Iknowthereisnoteasytobeateacher.,it,10.Atweekends,wewouldplaybasketball,swimminginthepoolorgoforapicnic.,swim,一.利用考生思维定势，通过从句对句子进行分隔。1.Mr.Limadeuphismindtodevoteallhecould_hisoralEnglishbeforegoingabroad.A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimproving2.TheletterIwaslookingforwardto_atlast.A.arrivedB.arriveC.arrivingD.havearrived,D,A,二.将句子变为疑问句或感叹句，造成句子中动宾关系的分隔。3.Whomdoyouwanttohave_thepartsofthecartogether?A.fixB.tofixC.fixingD.fixed4.WhathaveIsaid_youangry?A.madeB.makeC.tomakeD.making5.YoucanneverimaginewhatgreatdifficultyIhave_yourhouse.A.foundB.findingC.tofindD.forfinding,A,C,B,三.相似结构混在一起，形成对句子的分隔。6.Itwasinthehouse_heusedtolivethattheexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there,四.在主谓之间加入介词短语。7.IthinkTom,togetherwithyou,_.A.beblamedB.istoblameC.aretobeblamedD.aretoblame,A,B,五.固定搭配被其它词隔开。8.Wewaited_lineforthebus.A.forB.inC.onD.with,B,六.添上插入语。9.Hehaswrittenanotherscientificreport,_ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkitisB.whichIthinkisC.IthinkitisD.Ithinkwhichis10.WehaventheardfromJaneforalongtime.Whatdoyousuppose_toher?A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappenedD.havinghappened,B,C,七.同位语从句的中心名词与从句被其它成分分隔。11.Thesecretspreadoutveryquicklyinthetown_hewillbeheadmasterofourschool.A.whereB.inthatC.thatD.which,八.用倒装句引起分隔现象。12.Hefoundonthetablenexttothearmchair_twopipes,sometobaccoandaboxofmatches.A.wasB.isC.areD.were,C,D,九.复合谓语被分隔。复合谓语被分隔指谓语部分的助动词、系动词或情态动词与主要动词被分隔的现象。例如:13.Anawfulaccident_,however,occurtheotherday.A.doesB.didC.hastoD.hadto,B,巩固练习：1.Brucespentasmuchtimeashe_overhislessons.A.couldgoB.couldgoingC.couldtogoD.went2.Abook,aswellasapenandamagazine,_beenleftinthereadingroom.A.haveB.areC.hasD.is,B,C,3.Whodidthemanager_thework?-Maybe_ofthetwomen.A.havedo;thetallerB.havedone;theolderC.havetodo;theyoungerD.letdo;taller4.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseewashingmachineshehadhad_wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired,A,C,5.Thankyouforthegreattroubleyouvehad_mewithmycomputerwork.-Thatsnothing.A.withhelpingB.help