牛津英语模块五_Unit_2_知识点总结.doc

Unit 2 the environment1 Then we will open the floor for discussionOpen the floor 自由发言I will open the floor to answer any question you might haveThe discussion yesterday was really dull! We were just listening to him talking and talking.Why not he _ to everybody else?A open the floor B sweep the floor C hold the door D have the floor2. waste 1) n. 废物, 浪费, 垃圾 Industrial waste must be prevented from polluting our rivers.人们应当禁止工业垃圾污染我们的河流。2) adj. 废弃的, 荒芜的, 多余的The boy threw it away, thinking it was waste paper.那个男孩以为它是废纸，把它扔掉了。3) vt. 浪费, 消耗, 使荒芜 (waste time in doing sth.) There is no use wasting time in discussing how it happened.浪费时间讨论它是如何发生的是没有用的。3 amount表示“大量的”，修饰不可数名词；在句中时，由amount(s)来决定动词的单复数。A large amount of money is needed badly.人们急需大量的金钱。Large amounts of time are spent going over the lessons for the final exams.为了期末考试，花大量的时间来温习功课。The amount of the unemployed capital is very small.可数名词 Many, many a , a great many, a good many,A large number of, large numbers of, a great number of, great numbers of不可数名词 much, a great deal of, 两者都可以 lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of , mass of, masses of, large quantities of1 As you can see, the number of cars on roads _ rising these days.A was keeping B keep C keeps D were keeping2 With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year.A is washing away B is being washed away C are washing away D are being washed away4. in addition (to) 表示附加原因，“而且，此外”。Besides, apart fromExcept （表示不包括在内）除了Additional tax 附加税In addition, there is one more point I would like to make.此外，我还想再说明一点。In addition to the subjects already mentioned, students will also study biology.包括刚才提到的科目，学生此外还要学生物。_ the cost, the project will take a lot of time as well.A Other than B Except for C in addition D in addition to5. wipe out 消灭，灭绝，洗净的内部The deadly disease almost wiped out the whole nation.致命的疾病几乎使整个民族消失。All the information saved in the computer was wiped out by the virus.所有储存在电脑里的资料全部被病毒删除了。Can you wipe out the inside of the coffee pot?你能把咖啡壶的内部洗干净吗？In the 20th century, the Japanese invaded our country, but we managed to _ the enemy and defende our motherland.A wipe out B carry out C turn out D put out6. lay vt., vi. 1) 放，置 Lay it on the table. 把它放在桌上。 2) 摆放好 lay the table 摆好餐桌（摆好餐具） 3) 产，下（蛋）The hen laid three eggs.母鸡下了三个蛋。 If only we _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A lies B lay C had lain D should lie7 This will have a lasting effect upon the number of fish left for us to eat.Have an effect on/upon 对有的影响What you say or do will have an effect on others.Be in effect 生效，有效Some ancient laws are still in effect.Come into effect 生效The contract will come into effect next week.Put/bring into effect 使生效，实行The suggestion is all right in theory, but cant be put into effect.The scientist are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter _ physical and mental health.A of; at B by; in C of; on D on; at 8 The worlds population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800Grow 增长到 to the price of the meat has grown to 20 yuan per kilogram. Increase to, climb to , rise to 增长了 by the price of the meat has grown by 20% (one fifths) per kilogram.fall下降， decrease 下降，减少9 The figure is now approaching 6.5billion people.1 数字 she has a five figure income.2 外形，身材，轮廓 he has a strong figure.Figure out 算出， 想出，弄清I want to figure out what their minds work.The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to _ its reality.A make up B figure out C look through D put off10. 表示倍数的三种方法：A 是B的多少倍: A is times as as B （原级）A is times 比较级 than B （比较级）A is times the size/ length/ value/ width of B （形容词对应的名词形式）This room is three times as big as that one.这个房间是那个房间的三倍This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍This room is three times the size of that one. 这个房间是那个房间的三倍I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times_A as much B as many C so much D so manyTen years ago the population of our village was _ that of theirs.A as twice large as B twice as large as C twice as much as D as twice much asNote:1. 倍数的基本表达都是以倍数打头，但要注意不同倍数的不同表达方法：2. 两倍要用twice或double，不用two times. 三倍常用three times,也可用thrice。3. 除整数倍以外，还有分数倍，百分数倍，几倍多或不到几倍等。如：六倍多（more than/over six times）, 一半（half）,三分之一 (one third),百分之六十（60%）等。4. 在the +n.+of结构中 ：1. 要注意选择恰当的名词，常用的名词有size/height/length/weight等。2. the +n.+of 可转换成ones +n.或名词性从句。如：the height of Mary=Marys height.11 My suggestion is that we should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.I suggested to him that we should handle the problem in another way.The suggestion is that we should cut back on expense is reasonable.It is suggested that the wounded be sent to the hospital at once.Mary suggested going to visit palace.My friend suggested my going to see a doctor.His red face suggested he had told lies to his teacher.The parents suggested _ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A sleep B to sleep C sleeping D having sleep Cut back on= cut down on=reduce 削减。缩减， 减少The doctor told him to cut down on smoking.To save money, we should cut back on our spending.为了节省钱，我们必须减少开支。If we cant sell more, we will have to cut back on production.如果我们不能扩大销售量，我们就不得不削减生产。cut at 向猛砍cut away 切下，砍掉cut down 砍倒，砍伐 ；减少的量，缩减cut in 插嘴，插入，插队 cut out 切下，剪下cut up 切碎cut off （1）切断，砍掉 （2） 切断（电力，煤气，自来水等），停止的供给 （3）使（人，城镇）孤立I was just talking to Margret when Jackson -A cut in B cut down C cut out D cut up 12 It would be beneficial to expand our recycling industry and teach people about environmentally friendly ways of living.Sunshine is beneficial to plants.Benefit 利益，好处， Be of benefit = be beneficial toOur suggestion will be of benefit to both our firm and yours.The dictionary will be beneficial to me.对有利Doing morning exercise will benefit your health.I will benefit from doing morning exercise.The book was boring, it wasnt _ to me.A benefit B benefited C of little benefit D of much benefit 12 it is obvious that we are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.1. concern n. 关心，关注； There are some reasons for concern but no need for alarm.是有点令人忧虑, 但不必惊慌。2. concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的；be concerned about / for /over = be worried/anxious about 担心/忧虑-be concerned with = be about 有关；As far as Im concerned= in my opinion就我个人的看法而言;3. concerning prep. about关于，有关 We are sorry to receive a letter concerning your complaints.我们很抱歉地收到关于你投诉的信。_ that he has no qualification in business management, Ken plans to gain necessary skills by taking a part-time course.A concerning B concerned C being concerned D to concernThe comments which she made _ the 2008 super voice girl bored a lot of fans to death.A being concerned B to be concerned C concerned D concerning 13 We think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities to the environment and only thinking about money.Responsibility 责任He is lack in responsibility.Take the responsibility for 负起责任Be responsible for对 负责I am responsible for you safety.He feels as if he alone _ what had happened.A be responsible for B should be responsible to C was responsible for D were responsible for14. population 1) 当表示人口数量的时候，是一个不可数名词, 表示人口多少通常用形容词large/ small修饰。 The population of China is much larger than that of the USA.中国的人口比美国的大多了。Canada is a large country with a small population.加拿大是一个面积很大而人口很少的国家2) 表示具体的人时，用作复数名词； 70 % of the population in China are peasants. 中国70% 的人口是农民。3) 询问人口多少，用特殊疑问词what； What is the population of your hometown? 你家乡有多少人口？15在英语里，在某些名词后面习惯用介词to, 表示“的”。如：the key to -, the entrance to-, the answer to-, the solution to-Does anybody know the answer to the question?有人知道这个问题的答案吗？Excuse me? Could you tell me the entrance to the museum?对不起，请问到博物馆的入口在哪里？Whats the key to solving the problem of pollution?解决污染问题的关键到底是什么呢？Key 关键的，重要的He is the key witness in this case.How do you handle the disagreement between the company and the customers?The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A to solving; making B to solving; made C to solve; making D to solve; made16 Asking around, I found many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendlyWilling 乐意的，自愿的 willingnessBe willing to do 乐意做某事.he is always a willing helper.Will n 意志，意愿Where there is a will, there is a way.Both of them showed a _ to finish the fighting, so the problem will probably be _A willingness; solved B willing; solving C will; solved D willingness; solveChina is _ to _ continued help to Iraq in its reconstruction.A willingly; give B willing; giving C willing; offer D will; offering17 What if we run out of space?What if 要是会怎样呢？What if you go instead of me ?What if you go totally blank?You must obey every word of mine!_ I dont A how if B what if C such as D only if Run out of 用完， 耗尽The petrol is run out. = we run out of the petrolHaving worked in the desert for several days, we felt exhausted, but we had to find a pool before the water we had in the bottle_A ran out of B ran away C ran out D ran offWe find the oil in the car _ A has been run out B is run out C has run out D being run out18 After all, they are limited.Limited 有限的Their menu s are usually limited.Limit 限度，极限，限制I will help as much as I can, but there is a limit to what I can do.Dont limit your study in class.We must limit our expense to 200 dollars.Is there a _ to the time that I can stay here?Yes, you must leave here before he comes back.A number B length C limit D matterOur _ answer is for farmers_the numbers of their chickensA suggesting; to limit B suggest; limiting C suggested; to limit D suggestion; limiting19 less than 100 white-flag dolphin remain in the Yangtze River.Remain v. 保留，保持，留下 our plan must remain secret.留下，存活 after the earthquake, thousands of destroyed houses remained.Remaining;(adj. 剩下的；余下的；做前置定语) Left (adj剩下的；留下的；做后置定语)Remainder(剩余物；余数；廉价出售的书籍) Remains(剩余物；遗址；遗迹；遗体)Please remain_; the winner of the prize will be announce soon.A to seat B seating C to seated D to be seatedIt was already past midnight and only three young men _ in the tea house.A left B remained C delayed D desertedremain to be done. The fact remains to be proved. 事实尚待证明。Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen20 In a debate, one side gets the opportunity to present their points first.Present 赠送 My best friend presented me with a book last week.提出（观点，看法） The young worker presented a reasonable view during the meeting.呈现，体现 Some young men like to do things presenting challenges.出席的，到场的 All girls are present.现在的 how about your present income.礼物 this is the present given by Johns teacher._ other countriesA everyone present come from B everyone present comes from C present everyone come from D present everyone comes from21 This center was set up in 1996 and is stocked with modern technical equipment and computers for environmental research.Equipment U a piece of equipmentWe must equip the army for the modern war.We must be equipped with knowledge.We need _ to equip the lab. Where do you think we can get any?A a lot of equipments B many equipments C much equipment D a few equipment Our school _ new facilitiesA is equipped with B equips with C will be equipped with D has equip with 22 damage n./ v. 损害，伤害，破坏Smoking does great damage to your health.吸烟对你的健康有极大的损害。（不可数名词）He was given $500 damages for the injury he suffered in the accident.他因事故受伤而得到500美元的损害赔偿金。（律：可数名词）The factory was damaged in the earthquake. 工厂在地震中受损。23 as the third longest river in the world, it is clear to see why the environmental problems of the Yangtze River have raised concern both nationally and internationally.Raise 抬起，举起，使升起 the teacher raised her finger to her lips as a sign of silence. 唤起，引起，激起 his absence raised fears about his safety. 提出 I am glad you raised that point. 召集，征集，筹款 it is your job to raise fund. 饲养，养育，培养 she raises a family of nine children.Rise (无被动形式) 起立，起床，站立 it is my custom to rise early. The chairman rose from his chair.自然界的日月星雾云的上升 raise your head, and you will see the sun rising now.(错) The price has been risen. (对) The price has risen.（对）the price has been raised.As nobody knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to _ the problem.A handle B raise C face D presentOne of the best ways for people to keep fit is to _ healthy eating habits.A grow B raise C increase D developConcern 涉及，影响，和有关系，挂念，关怀 Concerning:-in connection with 关于Be concerned for/about关心；担心 He is concerned about his sons future.So/as far as be concerned关于，至于，就。而言As far as I am concerned, teaching children is something worthwhile.Be concerned in/with sth.和某事由牵连Have no concern with和。毫无关系_ his proposal, there were pros and cons.A. ConcernB. ConcernsC. ConcerningD. Concerned24. we all appreciate the holiday after a year of hard work. 1) vt. 鉴赏；鉴别; 欣赏；赏识 appreciate good wine 鉴赏好酒 It is hard to appreciate the difference between right and wrong. 分清是非很难。2) 重视 Doctors are highly appreciated in that country. 在那个国家医生受到高度重视。 3) 感谢, 感激 We deeply appreciate your help. 非常感谢你的帮助。We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 我们恭候佳音。I would appreciate it if you paid in cash. 如果你支付现金的话，我将不胜感激。 4) 察觉；意识到 We appreciate the danger ahead. 我们意识到危险临头。 5) appreciate vi. 涨价, 增值 Apples appreciated 2 to 5 cents per box. 苹果每箱涨价二至五分钱。 Perhaps now the English people _ the work of the dustmen highly, and wont take them for granted any more.A adapt B agree C approach D appreciateI wrote him a letter to show my _ of his thoughtfulness.A achievement B agreement C application D appreciationAgree agree to do sth 同意做某事；. sb. agree with sb./ ones idea/ what sb said某人同意某人的观点； I dont agree with what he said. 我不同意他说的话。 sth. agree with sth/ sb. 与相符合，一致；某物适合某人；(无被动语态) What you did doesnt agree with what you said. 你做的和你说的不一致。The weather here doesnt agree with me. 这儿的气候不适合我. agree to sth. 同意某事（计划等）；. agree on sth. 就某事达成一致的意见； We agreed on a price for the car.我们就汽车的价格达成了一致的意见。6. rely on / upon = depend on 依靠，依赖；相信，指望； Rely on your assistant to do his job, but dont depend on him for everything.要放心地让你的助手干工作，但不要事事都依赖他。You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可指望我的帮助。Reliable 可信赖的， 可以靠的 I dont think he is a reliable man.You may _ on it that we will come earlyA call B rely C settle D baseThe population of the river has resulted in unsafe drinking water which has led to health problems for people living near the river.7. result in = lead to=contribute to引起，造成某种结果 （结果）(无被动语态) The accident resulted in three deaths.这次事故造成了三人死亡。Unhealthy eating habit can lead to illness.Lead to 通向 the road leads to the top of the mountain.8. result from 因而起，起因于 （原因）(无被动语态)His failure in the exams resulted from not working hard enough.他考试不及格是因为他学习不够努力。His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed difficult at first, has _ many good changes in their livesA got through B resulted from C turned into D brought aboutAs a result of =because of his rudeness to his boss, he lost his job as a manager.he was rude to his boss. As a result, he lost his job as a manager.Two special government projects are also under way to protect the river. under way 进展中，进行中；we have several plans under way. 我们已将几项计划付诸实施。under construction 在建设中, under discussion 在讨论中, under treatment 在治疗中, under repair在修理中1I think he is thinking an active part in social work.I agree with you_A in a way B on the way C by the way D in the way2 Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the British museum?Sorry, I am a stranger here._A thanks anyway B it doesnt matter C never mind D no problem The new building was _.-I hope well move into it by the end of the year.A. under being constructionB. in constructionC. on constructionD. under constructionWhile reading or listening a debate, remember that each speakers speech is meant to convince youConvince 使确信，使信服 its hopeless trying to convince her.Convince sb. of sth.She tried to convince him of the reality of the danger.Ouch! You hurt me!10. be home to 是的家园/ 栖息之地12. prohibit sb. from doing sth. =prohibit sb.s doing sth.= stop sb. (from) doing sth.= prevent sb. (from) doing sth.= keep sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事 15. be shocked at - 对- 感到震惊16. be arrested for- 因-而被捕17. under arrest 被捕18. in the form of - 以-的形式19. be stocked with - 装备有-，储备有-20. shame sb. into doing sth. 使某人羞愧而不得不做某事 She shamed her father into promising more help. 她使父亲感到羞愧，只好答应多给她些帮助。21. be ashamed of以. 为耻辱feel ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧be ashamed to do sth.以做某事为耻24. nature reserve 自然保护区There are also things that can be done at a national or international