英语语言学概论复习

英语语言学概论复习纲要 1. 复习的基本原则：第一，理解和吃透各章的重点内容。第二，以各章的题目为统领，理解各章节下的具体内容。第三，动手书写和记忆重要内容，部分语言学理论会应用到实际中。2. 各章节复习要点如下 Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics 1) Definitions of the following terms: language, linguistics, arbitrariness, duality, creativity, displacement, descriptive VS prescriptive, synchronic VS diachronic, langue VS parole, competence VS performance 2) Study of the origin of language 3) What are the functions of language?4) Which subjects are included in macrolinguistics? Chapter 2 Speech Sounds 1) Definitions of the following terms: articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics, auditory phonetics, phonetics, phonology, consonants, vowels, allophones, broad transcription VS narrow transcription 2) Analyze the complementary distribution, free variation with examples 3) The classification of English consonants and English vowels and the features involved in the classification 4) Understand some processes of phonology: nasalization, dentalization, velarization 5) Differences between intonation and toneChapter 3 From morpheme to phrase 1) Definitions of the following terms: morpheme, morphology, backformation, blending, class shift2) Differences between root and stem, inflectional VS derivational affix3) Analyze the morphemes contained in English words, such as internationalization, distempered, moonwalk, frienships4) What are the characteristics of a word? 5) Understand the classification of English words: variable VS invariable, grammatical VS lexical, closed-class VS open-class, particles, auxiliaries, determiners 6) Understand the processes of word formation with examples: blending, abbreviation, acronym, backformation, class-shiftChapter 4 From word to Text 1) Definitions of the following terms: syntax, endocentric VS exocentric construction, coordination VS subordination 2) Syntactic functions of English sentences: subject (agent VS patient, grammatical VS logical), predicate, object 3) Categories in English: number, gender, agreement Chapter 5 Meaning 1) Definitions of the following terms: semantics, the referential theory, semantic triangle, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy 2) Understand synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy with examples 3) Subclassification of antonymy4) Componential analysis in practice: such as boy, girl, woman, man, mother, father (entailment and polysemous)Chapter 6 Language and cognition 1) Definition of the following terms: psycholinguistics, cognitive linguistics 2) Understand the three issues of psycholinguistics: language acquisition, language comprehension, language production 3) Understand examples concerning construal operations 4) Understand examples concerning categorization (basic level, superordinate and subordinate levels) 5) Understand examples concerning metaphor (target domain, source domain)6) Understand examples concerning metonymyChapter 7 Language, Culture, and Society 1) Definition of the following terms: Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, the theory of context of situation 2) Understand the two examples (Hopi language and study of color words) concerning Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Chapter 8 Language in Use1) Differences between pragmatics and semantics2) Understand the theory of Illocutionary Act (three senses)3) Understand the theory of Conversational Implicature, the four principles of Cooperative Princ