M8U22 Lesson 3

Lesson3NaturalDisasters,高二北师大版模块八,Unit22EnvironmentalProtection,ObjectivesTopractisereadingstrategiestocompletetextswithsentencesgaps.Topractiseusingthevocabularyofnaturaldisasters.Topractiseidentifyingnounsandverbs.Totalkaboutdisastersandaid.,1.Whatdisastershavebeenthreateningthelivesontheearth?,drought,InJune,2008,AustraliasAnnaCreekstationsoldhalfofits16,000headofcattleforslaughter(屠宰)andwasmovingtheresttoothergrazinglands(牧场)inthefaceofthecountrysworstdroughtinacentury.,earthquake,May12,2008.About70,000peoplewerekilledandabout18,000peoplewerereportedmissingaftera8.0-magnitudeearthquakestruckSichuan,China.,flood,InJune,1938,NationalistChinesesoldiersblewupdikes(堤)aroundtheYellowRivertostopJapanesetroopsfromadvancing.Morethanhalfamillionpeoplediedintheresultingflood.,forestfire,The1997forestfiresinIndonesiathatlastedwellinto1998wasprobablyamongthetwoorthree,ifnotthelargestforestfireinthelasttwocenturiesofrecordedhistory.TheforestfiresburninginIndonesiabegantoaffectneighbouringcountries,spreadingthickcloudsofsmokeandhaze(烟雾).Bythetimethe1997-98forestfireswerefinallyover,some8millionhectares(公顷)oflandhadburnedwhilecountlessmillionsofpeoplesufferedfromairpollution.,hurricane,Oct.26-Nov.4,1998.HurricaneMitchwasthedeadliesthurricanetohittheAmericas.Itkilled11,000inHonduras,(洪都拉斯)andNicaragua(尼加拉瓜)andleft2.5millionhomeless.,landslide,On6December2008,4peoplewerekilled,15peopleinjuredinamajorlandslideatBukitAntarabangsainMalaysiathatburiednumeroushomesinthearea.,tsunami,Dec.28,1908.SouthernItalywasravaged(毁坏，蹂躏)bya7.2magnitudequakethattriggered(触发)atsunamithathittheMessina-Reggio-Calabriaarea,killing123,000.,typhoon,OnAugust8,2009,TyphoonMorakot,theworsttyphoonin50yearswhichhitTaiwanisland,hadclaimed461livesandleft192missingand46injured.,volcaniceruption,2.WhichofthedisastersintheKeyWordsdoyouthinkare:,causedbypeople?madeworsebypeople?natural?,droughts,earthquakes,floods,forestfires,hurricanes,landslides,tsunamis,typhoons,volcaniceruptions,KeyWords:Disasters,Disasterscausedbypeople:Disastersmadeworsebypeople:NaturalDisasters:,forestfires,hurricanes,droughts,earthquakes,floods,landslides,tsunami,typhoons,volcaniceruptions,forestfires,hurricanes,Natureisturningonus,Readingstrategies:CompletingTextswithsentencegapsReadthetexttogetthegeneralidea.Readaparagraphwithasentencegapandidentifythetopic,e.g.disasters.Readthesentencesbeforeandafterthegapandlookforcluesaboutthemissing,sentence,e.g.isitanexampleofwhatismentionedbefore?Certainwordsmayhelpyou:timereferences(then).pronounreferences(it,that),linkingwords(however).Decidewhichsentencegoesinthegap.checkthatitfitsthesentencesbeforeandafterit.,1.Usethestrategiestocompletethegapsinthetext(1-5)withthesesentences(a-g).Therearetwoextrasentencesyoudonotneed.,Butevidenceshowsthat73.000yearsagotherewasamuchgreatereruption.EvenEuropehassufferedandlargeareashavebeenunderwater.Thatisprobablynotthemostimportantfactoreither.,Third,theotherbitsoflandyoumighthavebeenabletofarmarenowuseless.Ontopofallthataddglobalwarming.Forexample,theyellowriver,oncefamousforflooding,failedtoreachtheseaatallfor226daysin1997.Oneanswerisoverpopulation.,Answers:1._2._3._4._5._,b,f,g,e,a,1)Themainreasonwhymorenaturaldisastershappennowis_.A.thatmoreandmorepeoplemovetocitiesB.thatvolcanoesbreakoutmorefrequentlythanbeforeC.thatearthquakesareevenmoredangerousthaninthepastD.overpopulationandmismanagementoftheworldsresources,2.Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionaccordingtothetext.,Answer:D,2)Inthefuture,thebiggestthreattohumanbeingsmaybe_.A.volcaniceruptionB.unnaturaldisastersC.floodsanddroughtsD.typhoonsandtsunamis,Answer:A,3)Thethreattohumansfromvolcanoesisevenmoreseriousbecause_.A.moreandmoreforestsaredestroyedbyhumansB.manypeoplenowlivewithintherangeofavolcaniceruptionC.thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingrapidlyD.morecarbondioxideisproducedbyfactoriesandvehicles,Answer:B,3.Readthetextagainandanswerthesequestions.,1)Whatistheattitudeofthejournalisttowardsthefuture?2)Whoaremostlikelytobethevictimsofnaturaldisasters?,Pessimistic/Negative.,Poorpeople.,3)Whyaretherenowmorehurricanes,floodsanddroughts?4)Whyarevolcanoesandearthquakesmoredangerousnow?,Overpopulationandmismanagementoftheworldsresources.,Becausearoundhalftheworldspopulationlivesincities,morethan500millionpeoplenowlivewithintherangeofvolcaniceruptionandanevengreaternumberofpeopleliveatriskfromearthquakes.,5)Whatcouldbethebiggestthreattotheplanetinthefuture?6)Whateffectsmightthisthreathave?,Avolcaniceruption.,Itmightsendtheplanetintowinterforyears.,1.Thiscatastropheisstillveryfreshinthemindsofpeopleworldwidewhohavenotyetgotovertheirseparationfromlovedoneslostinthetsunami.,译文：在世界各地许多人的心目中,那场灾难仍然记忆尤新。他们还没有从海啸中丧失亲人的打击中恢复过来。,在这个复合句中，whohavenotyetgotovertheirseparationfromlovedoneslostinthetsunami为定语从句，修饰people。在定语从句中，lostinthetsunami为过去分词短语作定语，修饰ones。,结构分析：,2.Peopleinagricultureareas,withoutanymeanstoearntheirliving,movetothecities,andthenconstructshabbyhomesfromwhatevermaterialstheycanfindonpoorclaysoil.,译文：农业地区的人口，因为没有办法谋生而流向城市。他们用在贫瘠的土地上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房屋。,结构分析：在这个复合句中，withoutanymeanstoearntheirliving为复合结构，在句中作原因状语。whatevermaterialstheycanfind是宾语从句，在句中作介词from的宾语。,3.Anevengreaternumberofpeopleliveatrisk,tosomedegree,fromearthquakeswhichhaveclaimedmorethan1.6millionlivesinthelasthundredyears.,译文：从某种程度上来说，有更多的人处在地震的危险中，在过去的几百年间地震已经夺去了160多万人的生命。,结构分析：这是一个主从复合句，anevengreaternumberofpeopleliveatrisk是主句。Fromearthquake是介词词组作定语修饰risk；whichhaveclaimedmorethan1.6millionlivesinthelasthundredyears是claimed的宾语从句；morethan“超过”，修饰1.6million；tosomedegree是插入语。,Fillintheblankswiththeinformationfromthetext.,Inthelastdecade,therearemoreandmoredisasterssuchas_,earthquakes,_,volcanic_and_firesallovertheworld.Whyaretheresomanydisasters?Oneofthereasonsis_.Inaddition,_changeand_causedbythemismanagementofthe,floods,typhoons,eruptions,forest,over-population,climate,globalwarming,worldsresourcescanleadtothedisastersormakethemworse.Atpresent,volcanoesandearthquakesaremore_.Nowmorethan500millionpeoplelivewithintherangeofavolcaniceruptionanditisdifficulttowarnpeopleofnaturaldisasters_.Earthquakestookthelivesof1.6millionpeopleinthelasthundredyears.Whatisworse,manyexpertspredictthatthethingswillget_.,dangerous,inadvance,worse,NounsorVerbs1.Decideiftheunderlinedwordsinthesentencesbelowarenounsorverbs.ThenwritedowntheirChinesemeanings.,1)a)Sheputherarmsaroundmetocomfortme.b)Thesoldierswerearmedwithguns.,noun手臂,verb武装,2)a)Heavyrainsresultedinfloods.b)Hisresultswerenotasgoodashehadhoped.a)Hemeanswellbutjustgetsitwrongsometimes.b)Thetelephoneisameansofcommunication.4.a)Thechildrenhadfunslidingdowntheslideallafternoon.,verb导致,noun成绩,verb意思是;怀(好)意,noun方式,noun滑梯,b)Penguinsslidedownhillovericeontheirbellies.5)a)Becareful!Dontsliponthewetfloor.b)Writeyournumberonthisslipofpaper.6)a)Whatwouldyoulikeonyourbreadrollforlunch.b)Herolledtheballacrossthefloortome.,verb滑行,verb滑倒,noun小纸条,noun卷,verb滚动,2.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsofthefollowingwords.,1)The_forcesprotectedthecity.2)Whenwillyougetyourexam_?3)Donbrokehisarmwhenhe_andfellontheice.,arm,result,mean,slide,slip,roll,armed,results,slipped,4)I_whatIsaid.5)Whatwouldbethebest_ofadvertisingourproducts?6)Wouldyoulikehoneyonyour_?7)Thehouse_downthemountainsideinthefloodlastyear.8)Thematch_inadraw.Theyhad2pointseach.,mean,means,roll,slid,resulted,Workinpairs.Discussthesequestions.,1)Whatnaturaldisastershavehappenedinthelastfewmonths?2)Whatdoyouthinkgovernmentscandotohelppreventnaturaldisasters?3)Whatorganisationsdoyouknowthatprovideaidafterdisasters,orworkfortheenvironment?4)Whatcanwedotoimprovetheenvironmentandhelpvictimsofnaturaldisasters?,1.Anumberofnationshavealreadybeeninarmedconflictoverwater.用法点拨armvt.“装备；武装（=toequip;toprovide）”，其过去分词armed相当于一形容词，意为“武装的”；armedconflict意为“武装冲突”；常用的搭配有：(1)armsbwithsth用武装或装备某人；(非武器)给提供什么；,(2)bearmedwith武装有/备有，如：Themobarmedthemselveswithsticksandstones.暴乱的群众用棍子和石块作武器。Youcanarmthemwithbasicideas.你可以给他们一些基本的概念。Thesoldiers,armedwithbowsandarrows,werepreparingforthenextfight.这些拿着弓箭的士兵在准备下一场战斗。,拓展1)armedtotheteeth全副武装2)arm复数形式arms表示“武器；兵器”。如：Theytookuparmsandfoughtfortheliberationoftheirmotherland.他们拿起武器，为解放祖国而斗争。,即时演练选词填空：Thewholenationtookup_todefendtheircountry,althoughtheenemywere_totheteeth.A.arm;armingB.arm;armedC.arms;armedD.arms;arming,2.Inthelastthreeyears,Indonesiahashadaroughtime,.用法点拨roughadj.在句中表示“艰难的（=difficultandunpleasant）”，如：Havingbeenoutofworkformonths,heishavingareallyroughtime.ItssoroughataskandIhopeyouwilllendmeahandthistime.,rough作形容词解时，还有很多用法：1)粗糙的；崎岖不平的。(反义词是smooth）如：HeisfromBeijingandisntusedtowalkingontheroughroad.2)狂暴的，汹涌的（风雨、海水等）。(反义词是calm）如：Theseawasroughinthestormandweallfeltsickonboard.,拓展,3)大致的，粗略的（计划、估算等）。(反义词是exact）如：Therewereabout200peoplepresentatthemeeting,ataroughguess.粗略估计，出席会议的大概有200人。4)粗暴的，粗野的，粗俗的。(反义词是gentle）如：Martinhadaroughmannerandwasntgettingonwellwithus.马丁举止粗野，和我们处得不好。,即时演练将下列句子译成汉语：1)Idontknowtheexactcost,butIcangiveyouaroughidea.2)ThankyouforyourtimelyandselfishhelpwhenIwashavingaroughtime.,具体花了多少钱我不清楚，但我可以告诉你一个大致的情况。,谢谢你在我困难时给予我的及时和无私的帮助。,3)Theshiphadtosailacrossroughseasbeforeitreachedthedestination.这船必须穿越波涛汹涌的海面，最后到达目的地。4)Dontbesoroughwithher,youngman!Sheisstillachild,afterall.年轻人，别对她如此粗暴！毕竟她还是孩子。5)Daddyheldmeinhisarmswithhisroughbutwarmhands.爸爸用他那粗糙而又温暖的大手将我揽在怀里。,3.Peopleinagriculturalareas,withoutanymeanstoearntheirliving,.用法点拨meansn.“方法；手段”。注意：means单、复数同形，作主语时谓语动词要与means意义上保持一致。如：Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried,butnoneworkswell.(means是单数)Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried,butnoneworkswell.(means是复数)所有方法都试遍了，但效果都不好。,Heregardedhismarriagemerelyasameanstogethiswifeswealth.他把婚姻仅仅看成获取他妻子财产的一种手段。拓展means前面常与介词by连用，表示“通过方式”，如：bymeansof通过；借助于bythismeans用这种方法byallmeans务必；无论如何byanymeans用一切可能的方法或手段,bynomeans决不；一点也不（位于句首时句子要倒装）即时演练选词填空:1)Forhim_stageisjust_meansofmakingaliving.A.a;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;the,2)IvetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish,butbynomeans_withmyprogress.A.theteacherisnotsatisfiedB.istheteachernotsatisfiedC.theteacherissatisfiedD.istheteachersatisfied,4.TheChinesegovernmenthasadoptedseveralnoisecontrolplansand.用法点拨adoptvt.在句中表示“采用；采纳（=totakeanduse）”。又如：Ithasbeenprovedthatthenewteachingmethodshehasadoptedworkswell.已经证明她采用的新的教学方法效果好。Nowthatwelackanybetteridea,whynotadoptmine?既然没有更好的主意，何不采用我的主意呢？,1)adopt也可表示“收养”。如：Astheyhadnochildrenoftheirown,theyadoptedanorphan.他们没有亲生儿女，就收养了一个孤儿。2)形近词：adaptvt.使适应（与介词to搭配）；改编。如：Shefoundithardtoadaptherselftothehotclimatethere.Manychildrenbuybooksaftertheyhavebeenadaptedfortelevision.,拓展,用adopt与adapt的适当形式填空：1)ThemovieThePromiseis_fromanovelwrittenbyGuoJingming.2)Hewassoself-opinionedthatherefusedto_myadvice.3)Hehasalready_tothelifestyleinBritain.4)Thenewlawwas_byavoteof200infavorto18againstit.,adapted,adopt,adapted,adopted,即时演练,5.,andreducedrainfallinthewestoftheUShasresultedinhugeforestfires.用法点拨resultin“导致（=tomakesomethinghappen）”，相当于cause/leadto/bringabout，如：Thepoormanagementofthebusinessresultedinalossof10,000dollars.管理不当，以至损失了一万美金。Thegreatincreaseintourismresultedintheconstructionofmanyhotels.旅游业有很大发展，因此人们兴建了许多旅馆。,拓展1)resultfrom“源于；由产生”，相当于liein/becausedby.Asweallknow,smokingoftenresultsinlungdiseases.=Asweallknow,lungdiseasesoftenresultfromsmoking.众所周知，吸烟常常让人患上肺病。,2)asaresult结果；asaresultof由于的原因Itkeptraining.Asaresult,thesportsmeethadtobeputofftillthenextweek.天持续下雨，结果运动会只好被推迟到下周。Themanhaslostallhisfriendsasaresultofhisfoolishbehavior.这人行为愚蠢，因而失去了所有的朋友。,用result短语的适当形式填空。1)Tomygreatdisappointment,nothing_myeffortssofar.2)MyfriendMartinwasverysickwithastrangefever;_,hecouldneithe