高三二轮专题复习 完形填空 解题技巧.doc

完形填空解题技巧完形填空是全国各地高考英语必考题型之一，在全国统一考试中占30分。题型特征是：一篇短文中间留20个空格，每个空格给出4个选项，要求在1518分钟内从中选出最佳答案填入相应的空格内。由于这种题型既考查学生的语法、词法、句法、习惯用法等英语基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查他们对短文的阅读和理解能力。这种题型综合性较强，因而难度较大。总的来说，完形填空是为了测试考生实际应用英语的能力和语感。具体说来，是从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法规则的灵活运用。一、考试出题的大致方向是： 1、词汇：某些词义的识别、短语的记忆、同义词辨析、英语习惯用法的掌握。 2、语法结构：语法规则的实际应用，如：连词的选择、非谓语动词的应用等。 3、语篇句意：从语篇角度,即上下文和情景语境综合测试考生的阅读理解能力，应尽是避免中文式的思维及想当然的答案。 4. 逻辑推理和生活常识。二、考试题型：（一）词汇题：(比重最大，占60%-85%) 单纯地考查各类固定短语的搭配：1. By the end of the day, I could remember orders, _the bill and make change quickly with a smile.A. turn in B. count out C. take over D. add up 2. Every mother often feels very happy and proud seeing her children _. A. in a word B. without a word C. at a word D. beyond words 词汇辨析题：主要是指同义词、近义词的辨析，这类题较难。1. They are needed for _ food into energy and body maintenance. A. shifting B. transferring C. altering D. transforming2. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such _are obviously chief material for managerial responsibilities.A. patterns B. characters C. situations D. personalities 固定句型的搭配题： 1.I was about to turn off my computer _I received an e-mail from my director. A. when B. while C. where D. at that time 2. Some are afraid of being scoled by their parents, while _ not. A. another B. the other C. others D. some (二)语法题：(占15%左右) 语法结构题，主要是考结构词：代词、介词或从句连接词。 1._you are in the habit of rushing through life, it is hard to get rid of it. A. When B. Once C. While D. As 2. Coming my way from across the parking lot was _society would consider a beggar. A. what B. which C. that D. who (三)语篇题：(占15%左右) 文章的上下文决定所缺处所选择的词.这一考点要求学生根据文章的整体内容进行理解,根据层次结构和内容的逻辑关系,去选择符合文章情节的答案,这也叫情景意义的选择. Unfortunately, there were so many people waiting to 1 the subway that I could not even get down the stairs to the 2 . 1. A. check B. carry C. find D. board 2. A. street B. ground C. floor D. platform 三、解题步骤(Read by the students themselves ) 要做好完形填空题，除了要具备较扎实的英语基本功之外，还必须具备良好的应试心态，掌握一定的答题技巧,这样有助于在做题时思路清晰,速度加快,节约时间,增进效益. 1.充满信心，沉着冷静。 无论做什么事情，信心十分重要。有的同学尽管英语基础不错，但由于平时做练习时有“偏食”的习惯，即喜欢做基础题，怕做综合性较强的能力题（如完形填空、阅读理解等），因而在考试中遇到这类题目时就会感到压力大，信心不足。同学们在做完形填空题时一定要充满信心，沉着冷静，要相信自己的实力。只有这样，答题时才能发挥出自己的最佳水平，减少失误。 2、精读首句、启示全文 它是了解全文大意的基石.完形填空文章的第一句话通常是没有空白的完整句子，而且第一句往往是文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)，或是含有主题词的句子，考生可以根据它来把握文章的中心思想、判断文章体裁、推测文章大意、揭示故事发生的人物、时间、地点等多方面的信息，了解作者的观点和意图，从而为下面答题奠定基础。 这里，首先我们要知道英文的主题句的特点。一个有效的主题句应该有以下两个标准： 1.Topic：主题或议题。明确指示段落的内容，起到限定主题范围的作用。 2.Opinion：反映作者对待主题的观点、印象、态度，起到限定段落基调的作用。知道了英文主题句的特点之后，我们在阅读完型填空文章的第一句话时，就不应该只是读懂其字面中文意思，而是要透过首句来预测文章的中心内容，为接下来做题把准方向。比如2007年考题的首句是： Until 1954 it was thought that no man could run one mile in less that four minutes. 这就是一句非常有效的主题句。据此，我们可以大胆地预测文章的主题是人类在赛跑上的突破问题。实际上，该篇文章的确是围绕主人公在短跑比赛中所经历的心理历程而展开的。 由此可见，精读第一句对于理解和把握整个文章的中心意义和作者的行文的脉络是非常有效的。这就为我们往下做题指明了方向！ 3.通读全文，掌握大意，粗选答案 有相当一部分同学在没有通读全文、弄懂大意的情况下就急忙边阅读边依空选择，这是一种不良的答题习惯，易缺乏全局观念，甚至导致一步填错，步步皆错；而且那些错误的答案会在大脑中先入为主，在复查时很难发现。同学们在做题之前必须先集中精力将短文精读两遍，掌握其大意，同时要记住短文里的人物、时间或地点，尤其要注意首句和尾句的含义，找出关键词，了解文章的体裁及其包含的信息，简单部分可先粗选。4、试填紧扣文意，瞻前顾后先易后难，逐层深入，紧扣全文，展开逻辑推理，注意词汇的意义、固定搭配、语法规则及生活常识等。5、复核-全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确:做完题目后，要仔细复查核定。全方位,多角度地检查所选答案,看能否使全文连贯畅通、内容清晰、主题突出、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。对于个别拿不准的答案, 应根据语感完成。复查可以采用两种方法：1.不看已选的答案，再把所有的题目做一遍，然后看看两个答案是否一致，如不一致，再仔细比较鉴别；2.把答案代入短文细读一遍，看所选答案是否与短文整体相吻合，再把每个空白处与它相对应的4个答案一一对照。切记提倡检查，但应谨慎修改。四、解题技巧1. 完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相联的语篇，而词语的重复出现、同义词和反义词的使用是重要的连句成篇的词汇纽带，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义词、反义词相互照应等现象。警示：考生在答题时，不要急于求成。而要充分利用上下文信息词，在继续阅读中寻找和斟酌答案。充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词(and or but so then etc. )或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very， very。 A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous Mrs ONeill askedquestions and she didnt scold us either.A. no B. certain C. many D. moreMany old people dont have good _. They cant watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio. A. hearing B. health C. eyesight D. time At the end of the school year, all the five students scored among the highest in the class. They even gained 1530 IQ _intelligent points! A. and B. or C. rather than D. besides Carths email was short, but I learned more from that _message that I ever did from a textbooks. A. accurate B. urgent C. brief D. humorous 2. 从词汇意义及用法，惯用方式和搭配的角度去考虑，准确判断。包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配介词与名词以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。All this _one point: Work is helpful to health. A. comes down to B. equals to C. adds up to D. amounts to Most of the streets were _on both sides with lots of businesses. A. linked B. lined C. taken D. connected There he found food that was slightly out of _, boxes of thrown away vegetables and fruits. A. order B. place C. date D. season“Was there a recipe for this,”asked Marina,“ or did you 1 it up?”Ben put his fork down. “What I cooked 2 what I could find.” 1. A pick B. make C. look D. take 2. A. referred to B. depended on C. lead to D. resulted from The next course was also a little strange_we never knew what it was again. A. in that B. on condition that C. in case that D. so that 3.注意同义词的辨义“Give me a hand,”he shouted_ he got near the boat.A. while B. till C. for D. asBut the fact was that these students were only _, and they were not the best students at all. A. common B. dull C. average D. normal A phone virus can _ your phone do things you have no control over, computer security experts say. A. get B. force C. make D. cause I didnt _whether I had a new dress or not, but my mother did. A believe B. care C. wonder D. know Many high achievers who love their careers feel that they are happiest when they are working hard. Work serves as _between man and reality. A. a river B. a gap C. a channel D. bridge 4.根据动作的发出者确定所选的词Japan is an island country and its1go all over the Pacific looking for fish to 21 A. fishing boats B. lifeboats C. planes D. trains2 A.buy B. catch C.hold D.weighAnd video cameras can be used to _peoples actions at home. A. keep B. make C. record D. watch When the paper were _she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test. A. collected B. completed C. marked D. marking Once _ to answer the teachers questions , all of the students feel very nervous and make their heads much lower. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked 5.根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项有时，选项中所给的四个词为表示上下文逻辑关系的连接性词语，它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。常见的承接语有and,but,however,so,therefore,等。其中for one thingfor another等连接词表示列举；Firstandthen,FirstNextThenFinally用来按次序描述时间发生的过程；anyhow,still,though,althoughbesides, moreover, whats more表示让步关系；therefore,so表结果；because,since,due to,owing to表原因，等等。 Today, the generation gap has not diasppeared, _it is becoming smaller and smaller in many families. A. so B. for C. but D. and The loss of work affects man spiritually and makes him liable to 1 . 2 work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of 3 . 1. A. success B. death C. disease D. victory 2. A. Besides B. Nevertheless C. However D. Yet 3. A. disappointment B. achievement C. regret D. apologyAs a teenager, 1 , I had more fun guessing that it might be a boy who had noticed me 2 I didnt know him. !. A. though B. anyway C. therefore D. indeed 2.A. as if B. even though C. in case D. so that At first nothing happened, _suddenly a large rat rushed out of A. and B. or C. so D. then _the doctor thought I was totally deaf, it didnt mean my passion couldnt be realized. A. However B. Although C. When D. Since 6.根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项,you 1 the international dateline.By agreement, this is the point where a new day 2 1. A. see B. cross C. are D. are stopped by2.A.is coming B is discovered C.is invented D. beginsEvery morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the _to read. A. paper B.TV C. passage D.advertisement The space is left to let the rail expand(膨胀)when it gets _. A. wet B. cold C. hot D. dryThe heavy rain caused the streets to _adn the subway system almost came to stop. A. break B. flood C. sink D. draught 7.利用语法知识解决问题I realized that _ I had done that I would have lost a new friend and missed all the fun we would have toghther.A. before B. if C. while D. as When Edison first phoned and _we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an easy victory. A. declared B. mentioned C. persuaded D. suggested A study shows _teh unemployment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increases correspondingly(相应地)by 2% A. that whenever B. that weather C. that what D. what wheneverIf someone gave me $5 for something that cost $ 2. 25, I handed over _quarters and two dollars. A. two B. three C. five D. four From the above we can come to the conclusion 1 the more you work, 2 you will be. 1. A that B. which C. what D. whether 2. A. the lonelier and weaker B. happy and healthy C. the happier and healthier D. the happier and the healthier 8.先易后难，迂回解题 做完形填空时，对于一时没有把握的题目，可以采用“迂回战术”，在题号前标上记号，先绕过去做下面的题目。在做完较容易的题目之后再回过头来思考那些难题，同时把已确定好了的答案代入短文，帮助理解。这样，也许难题就不难了。 9. 把握文章组织结构主要是针对语篇题。 完形填空所要求填的答案在意义上必须和短文内容相符，形式上必须符合语法规则和习惯用法。有些同学之所以失分较多，其中一个很重要的原因就是顾此失彼。同学们在选择答案时，应先从意义上判断其是否与短文内容相吻合，然后再从形式上（如时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、固定搭配等）判断所选答案是否恰当，前后参照，连贯考虑，提高选择的准确率。 做题时，要把准文章作者发展脉络，文章的起承转合，要注意段落与段落之间，句与句之间的内在逻辑联系，领悟暗示，选对答案。 Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21 . As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 21. A. between B. before C. since D. later 22. A. after B. by C. during D. until23. A. means B. method C. medium D.television 分析：我们注意到文章讲了两个时间：20世纪和15、16世纪，而19世纪显然是处在两者之间，故21填between。22题是一语法结构题，固定结构：It was not until-that-。23题属于前面介绍的信息词题。上文中出现的：television, printing, newspaper均说明该题应填medium 10.必要时采用排除法,根据已知条件和信息去推断未知事物 总之，要提高完形填空的解题水平，除了上面介绍的方法技巧外，在平时的学习实践中，一要不断积累并熟练掌握词汇语法等扎实的基本技能,对于重要的语法项目,如定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词、名词性从句等,要加以总结概括,以做题时运用灵活，概念清楚。二要有计划，有目的地训练，加强阅读，提高速度，培养语感，在实践中感悟，学会对文章进行逻辑判断及推理，既要看懂表层意思，更要理解深层次的含义。三要按步骤，由简到难，由短到长地进行有针对性的专项训练，材料要精选，解题要限时，体裁要多样，运用正确的解题方法与技巧.四要注意分析错题,避免出现类似错误.只要我们持之以恒，解答完形填空的水平就能得到提高。课堂练习（限时）（一）My grandfather took me to the fish pond on the farm when I was seven. He told me to throw a 21 into the water. And he told me to watch the 22 created by the stone. Then he asked me to 23 of myself as that stone.“You may24 lots of splashes (飞溅 ) in your life, 25 the waves that come from those splashes will 26 the peace of all your fellow 27 ,”he said.“Remember that you are 28 for what you put in your circle and that the circle will also 29 many other circles. You will need to live in the 30 that allows the good that comes from your circle to 31 the peace of that goodness to 32 . The splash that comes from anger or jealousy will send those 33 to other circles. You are responsible for 34 .”That was the first time I 35 each person creates the inner peace or discord (冲突) that 36 out into the world. We cannot create world peace if we are 37 with inner conflicts, hatred, 38 , or anger. We radiate (流露) the feelings and thoughts that we hold 39 ,whether we speak them out or not. Whatever is splashing around inside of us is spilling out into the world, creating beauty or discord with all other circles of life.We are 40 to everything and everyone else around in the universe.21. A. stick B. brick C. stone D. ball22. A. holes B. circles C. drops D. waters23. A. think B. accuse C. regard D. warn24. A. produce B. damage C. prevent D. create25. A. but B. because C. while D. for26. A. cut B. disturb C. bring D. block27. A. students B. friends C. creatures D. workers28. A. proud B. helpful C. respectful D. responsible29. A. hear B. leave C. strike D. touch30. A. family B. situation C. way D. hurry31. A. send B. provide C. destroy D. keep32. A. them B. nobody C. someone D. others33. A. tastes B. smells C. feelings D. views34. A. all B. both C. neither D. any35. A. realized B. recognized C. admitted D. promised36. A. flows B. takes C. picks D. brings37. A. prepared B. filled C. presented D. supplied38. A. honesty B. truth C. doubt D. modesty39. A. forward B. outside C. inside D. upward 40. A. referred B. intended C. devoted D. connected（二）Last evening I was watching the evening news on television. The news was about a prize for scientific 1 ; I forgot what it was. The announcer, whose name was Ralph Story, said something that caught my 2 . “All great discoveries,” he said, “are made by people between the ages of twenty-five and thirty.” 3 a little over thirty myself, I wanted to disagree with him. 4 wants to think that he is past the age of making any discovery. The next day I happened to be in the public library and spent several hours looking up the 5 of famous people and their discoveries. Ralph was right. First I looked at some of the 6 discoveries. One of the earliest discoveries the famous experiment that proved that bodies of different 7 fall at the same speed was made by Galileo when he was 26. Madam Curie started her research that 8 to Nobel prize when she was 28. Einstein was 26 when he published his world-changing theory of relativity. Well 9 of that. Yet I 10 if those “best years” were true in other 11 .Then how about the field of 12 ? Surely it needed the wisdom of age to make a good leader. Perhaps it 13 , but look when these people 14 their career. Winston Churchill was elected to the House of Commons at the age of 26. Abraham Lincoln 15 the life of a country lawyer and was elected to the government at what age? Twenty-six.But why 16 best years come after thirty? After thirty, I 17 , most people do not want to take risks or try 18 ways. Then I thought of people like Shakespeare and Picasso. The former was writing wonderful works at the ripe age of fifty, while the latter was 19 trying new ways of painting when he was thirty!Perhaps there is still 20 for me.1.A. invention B. discovery C. experiment D. progress2.A. mind B. idea C. attention D. thought3.A. As B. Being C. However D. Beyond4.A. Everybody B. Somebody C. Nobody D. Whoever5.A. names B. ages C. addresses D. education6.A. modern B. scientific C. last D. oldest7.A. heights B. sizes C. weights D. things8.A. led B. meant C. stuck D. referred9.A. plenty B. enough C. much D. none10.A. believed B. trusted C. wondered D. asked11.A. fields B. countries C. courses D. ages12.A. agriculture B. politics C. industry D. society13.A. is B. will C. has D. does14.A. finished B. went C. started D. failed15.A. devoted B. gave up C. began D. led16.A. dont B. the C. can D. not17.A. believe B. know C. guess D. agree18.A. other B. new C. best D. their19.A. always B. still C. seldom D. enjoying20.A. discovery B. problem C. wish D. hope（三）One of my fondest memories as a child is going by the river and sitting idly(闲散地)on the bank. There I would enjoy the peace and 1 , watch the water 2 downstream, and listen to the chirps(喳喳声)of the birds and the rustling (沙沙声)of the leaves in the trees. I would also 3 the bamboo trees 4 under pressure from the wind and watch them 5 gracefully to their upright or 6 position after the wind had 7 . When I think about the bamboo trees 8 to bounce (弹回) back or return to its original position, the word resilience(弹性) 9 to mind. When used in 10 a person , this word means the ability to readily 11 from shock, depression or any other situation 12 stetches the limits of a persons emotions. Have you ever felt like you are about to snap(高声喊叫)? Have you ever felt like you are at your 13 point? 14 , you have survived the experience to live to talk about it. During the experience you probably felt a mix of 15 that threatened your health. You felt emotionally drained(耗尽), 16 exhausted and you most likely endured(忍受) unpleasant physical symptoms. Life is a 17 of good