2017上海高三英语冲刺练习第二讲

高三英语学生讲义161231I. Extensive Reading综合填空1. await _ 2. allegation _3. accuse _ 4. controversy _5. fake _ 6. highlight _7. imitation _ 8. phenomenally _9. reprimand _ 10. trigger _11. unanimous _ 12. visual impact _TV Food Mania ChallengedThe long _ second season of “A Bite of China”, a _ popular documentary in 2012, has returned to the airwaves. Unlike the first season which earns _ praises, this time, the show _ lots of _ after the first episode is aired.It has been _ of stealing ideas from a BBC documentary, the Yangtze Evening Post reported on Wednesday.In the first episode of A Bite of China II, scenes of a man in Tibets Nyingchi Prefecture climbing up a tree to get honey from a beehive have been _ for copying a similar scene in the BBC documentary Human Planet, in which an African tribesman climbs a tree in the Central African Republic to get honey.Netizens uploaded screenshots of the two scenes together to _ their similarities: both have scenes of climbing, looking up and picking honey.Some netizens said the local people in Nyingchi Prefecture have no tradition of climbing trees to get honey, so the plot (情节) is _ and designed to create a _.Chen Xiaoqing, director of the documentary, denied the plagiarism (剽窃) _, saying We noticed there is also a tree-climbing scene in the Human Planet, but the one featured in our documentary is different. I dont think it is plagiary or _.II. Grammar(A)The Problem with Top-Schools Lists There are around 4,000 accredited universities and other higher education institutions in the United States. They offer an immense range of educational experiences, (25)_ large research universities to small, friendly liberal arts colleges. This helps explain (26)_ the United States attracts more international students than any other country, says Allan E. Goodman, president of the Institute of International Education, (27)_ non-profit group promoting student exchanges to and from America. “While elite(精英) U.S. programs are among the top ten in the world,” Goodman says, “the unique strength of the U.S. higher education system is diversity.”There is no official ranking system to indicate which institutions are better than others, (28)_ several unofficial rankings are listed by magazines and associations. However, educators urge caution in using a ranking table and emphasize that (29)_ (good) choice for one student may be very different for another. Institutions of all types (30)_ (spread) across the United States. Some students want a campus that will give them the excitement and rich cultural life of a big city such as New York, Chicago, or Los Angeles. (31)_ value the peace and beauty of a rural setting, whether the quiet forests and snowy winters of the Northeast, subtropical Florida, the dry expanses of the West, or the Pacific coast with its seashore and nearby mountains. Many institutions have particular strengths in certain academic areas, (32)_(make) them a good choice for students interested in those fields. (B)An evolving gameAsia has already become a center of the womens professional game, and much of the growth in participation across the world is coming from womens golf. Family-friendly facilities (33)_(develop) for a new golfing demographic(人群) in the following years, (34)_ more women are playing the game and men and women are increasingly spending their leisure time together. Childrens engagement with the game will increase. In China, golf is recognized as a game (35)_ teaches children important life principles. Free golf training is offered to kinder-gartners and some parents are now prepared to spend up to 300,000 yuan ($43,940) a year on lessons for their children. “Asia will play an increasingly vital role in the future development of golf,” say top players past and present. More top events will be added to the schedule in China and other places in Asia, (36)_ the game is becoming more popular. Back-to-back Open Champion Padraig Harrington agrees: “You only (37)_ _ look at the European Tours schedule and see how many tournaments are now being hosted by Asia, whether in the Middle East or Far East,” he says. “Change is the price of survival,” says golf legend Gary Player, one of a handful of players (38)_(achieve) the Career Grand Slam(大满贯). “With the eyes of the sport now firmly (39)_(focus) on Asia, I can see several of the worlds Top 10 coming from Asia and several more global tournaments hosted there by 2020.” The game will also become more technologically engaged. Advances in digital technology will change the face of (40)_(coach) with “smart clubs” which memorize golfers grip and swing, allowing them to analyze their performance and learn from their mistakes. III. Cloze(A)A. analyze B. relevant C. indicating D. restricted E. transform F. primarily G. disciplining H. reputations I. pioneered J. establishment K. necessarilyBefore the 1850s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students. Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. The German university was concerned _41_ with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them return to become presidents of colleges of high _42_ -Harvard, Yale, Columbia-and _43_ them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for _44_ students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professors own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree _45_ the highest level of advanced scholarly achievement, was introduced. With the _46_of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question, _47_, and conduct their own research. At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, _48_ curriculum(课程) of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard _49_ the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own course of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university _50_ to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close attention to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers. (B)A. adequatelyB. advancesC. neighbourD. colonizeE. concerns F. createG. intensivelyH. settlersI. smartJ. journey K. survive“Once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe,”Stephen Hawking says.Stephen Hawking, one of the worlds most important scientists, believes that to _41_, humans must move into space.Today, the United States, India, China, and Japan are all planning to send astronauts back to Earths closest _42_: the moon. Each country wants to create space stations there between 2020 and 2030. These stations will _43_prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earth-like planets.Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, thinks humans should _44_ space. He wants to start with Mars. Why? There are several advantages: for one, sending people to the moon and Mars will allow us to learn a lotfor example, whether living on other planets is possible. Then, we can eventually_45_ new human societies on other planets. In addition, the _46_ we make for space travel in the fields of science, technology, medicine, and health can also benefit us here on Earth.But not everyone thinks sending humans into space is a(n)_47_ idea. Many say its too expensive to send people, even on a short _48_. And most space trips are not short. A one-way trip to Mars, for example, would take about six months. People travelling this kind of distance face a number of health problems. Also, for many early space _49_, life would be extremely difficult. On the moons surface, for example, the air and the suns rays are very dangerous. People would have to stay indoors most of the time.Despite these _50_, sending people into space seems certain. In the future, we might see lunar(月球上的) cities and maybe even new human cultures on other planets. (C)Researchers came to the conclusion that having two daughters is the key to a happy and harmonious family life after examining the lives of families with different combinations of children, both male and female.The results show of all the variations, two girls make for the most harmonious family life as they are unlikely to fight, will play nicely and are generally a _50_ to be around.It also emerged two girls rarely _51_ their parents, make limited noise, often trust in their parents and are unlikely to wind each other up or _52_ each other._53_, doubling the number of daughters is likely to lead to a whole world of pain, the report found. Mums and dads with four girls _54_ out to be the least happy with family life overall.Parents of four girls also admitted to having to _55_ an average of four fights or arguments a day, the study of 2,116 parents of children aged 16 and under _56_.The study looked into families with twelve different combinations of children, _57_ only children but including everything from a brother and sister to four of the same _58_.Mums and dads were asked to rank their childrens behavior. Two girls _59_ highly in every category. They were easy to reason with, helped around the house and _60_ liked each other.In fact, mums and dads with four children of any gender found it harder, the results showed. _61_, sixty-two per cent of parents with this combination would have exactly the same number of children if they had their time again.Every child is a blessing and there are lots of things parents can do to _62_ family life is as harmonious as possible.Making sure _63_ time is spent with all children, _64_ them how lucky they are to have siblings（兄弟姐妹）and creating family rituals such as eating and playing together can all help everyone to get the most out of family life together.50.A. contributionB. burdenC. pleasureD. coincidence51.A. delightB. annoyC. disapproveD. respect52.A. forgiveB. benefitC. ignoreD. comfort53.A. By contrastB. As a resultC. In additionD. To some extent54.A. figureB. carryC. burstD. turn55.A. adjust toB. cope withC. bring aboutD. negotiate with56.A. predictedB. surveyedC. revealedD. conducted57.A. enclosingB. concludingC. exposingD. excluding58.A. sexB. ageC. hobbyD. background59.A. spokeB. appreciatedC. educatedD. scored60.A. definitely B. generallyC. constantlyD. exactly61.A. ThereforeB. BesidesC. MoreoverD. However62.A. secureB. promiseC. ensureD. influence63.A. overallB. qualityC. alternativeD. temporary64.A. remindingB. rememberingC. recalling D. reforming(D)GM (转基因) crops are debatable. On one hand, some farmers and scientists feel that GM crops can make the world a _51_ place. If bioengineers can create crops that are resistant to insects, _52_, then they wont have to worry about insects destroying plants. In the _53_ of insect damage, crops can grow to feed the poor and hungry. Genetic engineering can create plants with other desirable properties as well. Plants that dont require much water, that can live even in times of drought, can help prevent the widespread _54_ that would occur if people have nothing to eat. Its easy to see why many people believe that GM crops will help the world meet the difficult _55_ that it will face as more and more people need to be fed.But not everyone thinks bioengineering is a good idea. Other people are _56_. They mistrust the claims made and dont believe that biotechnology is without _57_. The possible dangers include harming the ecosystemthe inter-related community of plants and animals and bacteria that _58_ the Earth. They _59_ that changing plants can harm our environment, and damage to our surroundings can hurt us. One danger is that GM crops can transfer their characteristics to other plants. Plants that reproduce by spreading their pollen (花粉) in the wind can possibly fertilize wild plants, making them more _60_ to control. Another problem is that GM plants might be a source of allergens (过敏源). This seems _61_, but in the process of making GM foods, genes are transferred that are known to cause problems for some people. Allergic reactions can _62_ from coughing and sneezing to death.Indeed, people hold very different opinions about _63_. While some people look forward to crops that will not rot during the trip to market, others claim that we will ruin our cropland and destroy what we are trying to save. While some people look forward to crops that can _64_ droughts, others claim that contact with GM plants can pollute other crops, making them _65_ for use. For some people, GM crops are the hope of the future; for others, they are a poison that will harm or destroy our farmland.51. A. worseB. betterC. less healthyD. more peaceful52. A. in no wayB. by all meansC. for exampleD. by contrast53. A. absence B. appearanceC. caseD. effect54. A. warB. povertyC. starvationD. robbery55. A. challengeB. specificationC. standardD. principle56. A. knowledgeableB. supportiveC. ignorantD. suspicious57. A. controlB. risksC. criteriaD. doubts58. A. turn upB. make upC. give upD. take up59. A. ensureB. worryC. denyD. demand60. A. temperateB. difficultC. efficientD. enjoyable61. A. inevitableB. inaccessibleC. unavoidableD. unlikely62. A. sufferB. ariseC. startD. range63. A. bioengineeringB. allergensC. droughtD. future64. A. causeB. reduceC. standD. change65. A. efficientB. expensiveC. unfitD. possibleIV. Reading(A)According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns award leadership to one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment（招聘）.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce dependable evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, practically any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social groups members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to decrease tension and conflict among them.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who restrict attainment(达到) of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.72. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The problems faced by leaders. B. How leadership differs in small and large groups. C. How social groups determine who will lead them. D. The role of leaders in social groups.73. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2? A. A person who is an effective leader of a group may not be an effective one in another group. B. Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person. C. A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.