高考英语短文改错题解题指导

高考英语短文改错题解题指导,第 四 讲,一、高考英语短文改错题的命题特点与考查内容,1、命题特点 每年高考英语短文改错题的文章篇幅相对固定，一般为100-120字左右，分成10行排列，每行设一小题 （有时多出一两行，但不设题），每题1分，共10分。短文通常以说明文、叙述文或应用文为主。文体简单，语言通俗。内容完整，意义正确。该题的设疑方式通常有四种类型：多一词、缺一词、错一词、无错误。四种类型中，多一词、缺一词约占全题的30%，错一词约占60%，无错误约占10%。,短文改错是高考英语中一个分值较多、难度较大的题型。该题涉及的知识层次多，覆盖面广，主要考查学生从语篇的角度识别错误并改正错误的能力。既考查考生运用所学语言知识进行阅读短文的能力，又考查考生利用所学知识发现、判断和改正错误的能力。因此也可以说该题是直接针对学生学习英语的薄弱环节设计的。,2、考点分布情况：,短文改错题的考点分布非常广泛，错误可涉及到各种词类、句法以及短文内容、结构、逻辑关系等等，而且多为中学生平时常犯的错误。,词类，如名词、动词、连词、代词、介词以及其他词类的用法。词尾曲折变化，如动词的各种时态、语态变化，各种非谓语动词形式等。固定搭配，包括动词短语、形容词短语等。基本句型，包括简单句和复合句。英语中的“一致性”现象，包括主谓一致、时态一致、代词的人称、格、性、数的一致等。汉英表达方式上的一些典型差异。句子之间、语篇的逻辑意义等。,1)动词的各种变化形式,谓语动词的时态、语态变化及非谓语动词形式是历年高考英语短文改错题的考查重点Play football not only makes me grow up.（98NMET。考查非谓语形式，此句用v-ing作主语，play 应改为playing ）I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort.(99NMET。此句同样考查非谓语形式，用v-ing形式作主语)My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure. (01NMET。考查非谓语形式的不定式结构，在make 前加to),2)考查名词的单复数变化,so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (01NMET。把subject改为复数) On the way up I was busy taking picture. (02NMET。把picture改为复数)and often watch football match on TV (98NMET。把match改为复数),3)考查代词的各种形式,The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.（96NMET。应将his改为their，这里其实是一个主语与代词保持一致的问题）And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game. (98NMET。把they改为we，考查代词在上下文中保持一致的问题)Now someone at home reads instead. (99NMET。根据上下文，句意为“大家都以阅读替代看电视了”，故而这里应用everyone),4)考查形容词的各种用法,take pleasure in a hobby which is both interested and fun. (04浙江高考。把interested改为interesting，表示hobby的特点)Police cars hurried to the taller building in New York.（把taller改为tallest，此句考查形容词的最高级形式）,5)考查词性的变化,Unfortunate, there are too many people(99NMET。本句需用副词作状语，把Unfortunate改为Unfortunately)Also, the sport teacher teaches us the important of obedience. (98NMET。此句很明显需要用名词，应把important改为importance),6)考查英语惯用法,动词短语、习语、形容词短语、介词短语等是高考英语短文改错题的重要内容之一。 It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station.（96NMET。表示某人具有的秉性，应用句型Its very kind of somebody to do something.，把for改为of）We play for the team instead ourselves. (98NMET。加of构成固定词组 )They dont want me to do any work at family. (01NMET。把family改为home构成固定词组),7)考查英汉表达差异，如冠词的基本用 法等,由于汉语中没有与英语冠词相对应的词语,学生往往忽略冠词或任意添加冠词。Each player must obeycaptain, who is the leader of the team. (98NMET。此处加上the，特指球队的队长)There ispublic library in every town in Britain. (此处加上a，表示每个城镇都有一家图书馆)We may be one family and live under a same roof. (01NMET。把a改为the ，构成词组under the same roof),8)考查英语的一致性现象。如主谓一致、代词一致和时态一致等。,Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.（此句考查时态一致，cost 应改为costs）Starting your collection of stamps are easy because they are everywhere. (04浙江高考。这里考查主谓一致，把are 改为is)More people start a stamp collection of yourown. (04浙江高考。此处考查代词与主语的一致，应把your改为their),9)考查英语中的并列现象,在表达并列现象时,一般要用相同的语法结构。并列结构常用and或or连接。If the book you want is out, you may ask for it to be called for you, and whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you.（本句考查两个并列分句，而且两个并列成分都是条件从句，应该用if 而不是whether）Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in cleaner surroundings（考查并列谓语，应把live前的to 去掉）I fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.(02NMET。此句同样考查并列谓语，把visiting改为visited),10)考查句子的从属关系,I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.（02NMET。此句应将at 划去，the moment在这里引导了一个时间状语从句）I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting.（95NMET。把about改为that，用以引导一个宾语从句）,11)考查丛属连词、关系代词、和关系副词的选择与运用,I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.（97NMET。这里需要一个关系代词，而不是关系副词，故而应将where改为which）Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.（根据句义，这里是一个时间状语从句，应将since改为when）,12)考查语篇的逻辑关系,First, let me tell you something more about myself.（97NMET。根据逻辑意义，说话者是第一次介绍自己，不用加more）So, once youve started collecting seriously, youll probably want to join the stamp collectors club. (04浙江高考。根据上下文，这里语气有了转折，因把So 改为But),3、高考英语短文改错题对考生的能力要求,1）具备扎实的英语基础知识，包括词汇、短语、语法知识等。2）具备较强的语用能力，包括句子、语篇的逻辑分析能力以及词汇运用能力等。3）快速发现、判断、纠正错误的能力。,考生要在平时打好基础，积极提高自己的语言水平并不断发展自己的语言能力，做到厚积而薄发，那么，无论参加什么样的考试都不会惊慌失措。,二、短文改错题的解题技巧,要做好短文改错，除了需具备扎实的语言基础知识，还要掌握一定的解题技巧。通常考生做题应按以下基本思路进行：1、快速阅读短文，抓住中心思想，把握短文大意，了解语篇结构及行文逻辑。2、运用语言的基础知识，从句子结构、词的变化、词类的选择、词的搭配、习惯表达出发，进行分析判断，以便尽快找出错误。3、逐句推敲，综合判断。不能把目光局限于一行，而应看完一个完整的句子，并结合上下文判断该行的错误所在。4、改正完毕后要认真检查。可把改正后的答案代入文中再通读全文，如发现语句不畅,则要重新考虑。,做题时应注意以下几个基本要点：,10行中一般只有一行是没有错误的。注意标记的准确性。 如果某行缺一个词，应在文中缺词处加一个漏字符号（），再在该行右边横线上写出要加上的词；如果某行错一个词，应在文中错词下划一横线，再在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词；同理，如果某行多一个词，应在文中把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，再在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线（）划掉。,注意上下文的逻辑关系。 在短文改错题中，有时设错的内容与短文上下文的时态、人称等有着密切的关系，如果只从一个单句来考虑，而不关注上下文的各种逻辑关系，就可能造成判断失误。一般来说，没有标点、大小写及其拼写错误的纠错题。,有些词有多种用法，且意义相同或类似。不必把某一种表达形式改成另一种表达形式， 因为几种用法可能都是对的。 例如： continue to do/doing in future/in the future改错规则规定，原文中的错误只能是一行一个词，改正后的答案也只能是一个词。如果你觉得要改两个词才对，这说明你的判断是错误的，应赶紧找出其它的错误之处。,注意分行的技巧。 上一行的末尾和下一行的开始，往往是考生容易忽视的地方，不易找到错误所在，从而影响了改错的成绩。考生要密切关注行尾和行首的连接处，注意它们之间的语法关系或逻辑关系。要以句子为单位而不是以行为单位进行判断。改错题的要求是每行找出一处错误，在找错时不能以行为单位来找，要以完整的句子为语言单位进行判断。,三、高考英语短文改错题范例分析,范例11999年高考题The Problem with TelevisionNow I cant watch much television but a few years ago 1._I was used to watch it every night. I was often 2._a little tired after a days work and watch TV 3._demands very little effort. Unfortunate, there are 4._too many people among my family. Some wanted 5._to see the programme while others preferred 6._another. I am happy with any programme but 7._the others spent a lot time arguing and there 8._was no way of setting the matter except by 9._selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. 10._,去掉much。根据下文可知“我”家已经卖掉了电视机，此句意为不能看电视，much在此多余。去掉第一个was。“过去常常做某事”应为“used to do”，此题考查固定词组。把watch改为watching。and后应为一个分句，watching在此分句中做主语。此句考查动词-ing的用法。把Unfortunate改为Unfortunately。作状语应用副词。此句考查词类的变化。把among改为in。 “in my family”指“在我家里”，此处的family不是指家庭成员，故不能与among搭配。此句考查固定搭配。把the改为one。one与该句末的another相对应，构成oneanother结构。此句考查代词的固定搭配。把am改为was。根据上下文，此处指的是过去的情况，故用过去时，以保持时态一致。此句考查动词时态。在a lot后加of，构成惯用短语。此行是对的。介词except后可跟介词短语作宾语。10. 把someone改为everyone或everybody。根据上下文意思，最终家人以卖掉电视机解决了矛盾，因此每人只好以阅读替代看电视了。 全文着重考查了固定短语、代词、介词、非谓语动词和词性的变化。,范例22000年高考题The day before the speech contest English teacher 1._talked to me. She said that she and my schoolmate all 2._wished me success, but it didnt matter that I would 3._win or not. When I was on the stage the next day, I felt so 4._nervous as I shook like a leaf. There were so many people 5._present! Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in 6._the crowd. She was smiling but nodding at me. I remembered 7._her words and calm down. I did a good job and won the first 8._prize. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. 9._Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. 10._,在contest后加上my，否则指代不明确。此句考查代词。把schoolmate改为schoolmates。因为我的同学不止一个。此句考查名词单复数。把that改为whether。根据句意：我是否赢没有关系，而且whether与后面的or not搭配。此句考查固定搭配。此句是对的。把as改为that。此句中sothat引导结果状语从句。这儿考查从句及其连词。去掉a。catch sight of是固定词组，意为“看见”。此句考查固定词组。把but改为and。从句意看smiling和nodding是并列关系而非转折关系。此句考查并列连词。把calm改为calmed。根据上下文，此动作是过去发生的，应用过去时。此句考查动词时态。把is改为are。此句的主语是 “my picture and the prize”为复数，故谓语动词应为复数。此句考查主谓一致。10. 去掉often。Whenever引导的从句在句中作时间状语，与often相矛盾，故把often去掉，此句考查上下文逻辑关系。 本篇考点稍难，对并列关系、丛属关系、主谓一致、上下文逻辑关系等几个英语学习中较难掌握的语言现象进行了考查，对固定结构和时态也做了考查。,范例32001年高考题Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor 1._sisters- in my other words, I am an only child. My parents 2._love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure 3._that I get a good education. They did not want me to do 4._any work at family; they want me to devote all my time to 5._my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. We 6._may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do 7._not seem to get much time to talk about together. It looks 8._as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. Do they 9._really understand their own daughter? What things are in 10._other homes, I wonder.,此行没有错误。考查固定短语in other words，应把other去掉。应在make sure前加to ，因为they can (do)是定语从句（这里can后省略了动词do）。修饰all，所以主句应该是will do all to make sure。此处错误不易被学生发现。这里考查非谓语动词中的不定式结构。把did改为do。此句考查时态，应与上下文保持一致。把名词family改为home，这里at home是固定词组。subject是可数名词，前有all修饰，应改为复数subjects。此句考查名词的单复数形式。把a改为the 。此句考查冠词，形容词same前必须有the。根据句意此处应去掉about，介词about后必须跟宾语。Talk together意为“在一起聊天”。根据句意，a visitor和a guest为选择关系而非并列关系，因此要把and改为or。此处考查连词。考查疑问代词与疑问副词what与how的区别。根据句意，这儿应用how。此篇短文从固定短语、句子结构、“一致性”现象、名词、介词等多方面考查了学生的短文改错能力。,范例42002年高考题 Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to EmeiMountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, its famous 1. _mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 2. _was fine. It was almost noon we arrived at the foot of 3. _the mountain. The three of them were very excited. As we 4. _climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples 5. _and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 6. _since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 7. _Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 8. _of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 9. _good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 10. _head touched the pillow.,此句考查冠词，在famous前加a。此句考生要关注本行行未与下一行行首mountain的关系。此句没有错误。此句考查从属关系。这里应在we 前面加上when，引导一个时间状语从句。注意此句不是强调句型。根据上下文，应把them改为us，保持代词所指一致。此句考查动词的并列关系。fed, visited和told为一系列先后动作，因此要把visiting改为visited。泛指“照相”用take pictures，此句考查名词的复数形式。根据上下文，动词时态应与故事发展的时间一致，应把passes改为passed。考查中英文的不同表达方式，这是学生常犯的错误。“夜幕降临”的英文表达形式为“Evening came”。 此句考查句子间的逻辑关系。根据上下文意义这里为转折关系。故而把and改成but。这里the moment作连词，意为as soon as，应把at去掉。此句考查从属关系以及从属连词的运用。此篇短文从冠词、句子结构、人称代词、上下文“一致性”现象、名词、短语、句子间逻辑关系等方面对学生进行了全方位的考核。,范例42003年高考When I first learned to write in English, I ran into many 1. _difficulties. The main problem was in that I always thought 2. _in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. 3. _My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I followed her 4. _advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. 5. _Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was 6. _learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote 7. _a little story and showed to my teacher. She liked it 8. _very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was 9. _a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to me. 10. _,此行正确。根据句意和句子结构，可以看出此题考查that引导的表语从句。表语从句前不能有介词in。此句考查代词，表示“一切”肯定句中用everything，anything用于否定句或疑问句。这里考查短语keep a diary“写日记”，而keep ones diary意为“把某人的日记保存起来”。根据上下文句子意思和结构关系，这里put down 与followed是并列谓语，因此时态上应一致。把should去掉。此句考查非谓语动词作宾语。enjoy后面动词应用-ing形式。把me 改为myself，意为（学会用简单的英语）“自我表达”。此句考查反身代词。此处show为及物动词，作“给看”解。根据上下文需加it作宾语。这里考查了动词的用法。把reads改为read，上下文时态应保持一致。某人所讲的话应为名词words。这儿考查习惯用法。 此篇短文从多方面考查了学生对英语的掌握情况。有从句、代词、短语、“一致性”现象、非谓语动词、动词时态以及习惯用法等。,范例52004年浙江省高考Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a 1_hobby which is both interested and fun. And every year 2_more and more people start a stamp collection of your own 3_and discover an intelligent which can even last lifetime. Starting 4_your collection of stamps are easy because they are everywhere. 5_Holiday and birthday postcards from relatives and letters 6._from f