第九讲重复法.ppt

TheoreticalDiscussion,Grammaticallyorrhetoricallyspeaking,repetitionofthesameword,sameexpressionandeventhesamestructureinasentenceorapassageismorenaturalandidiomaticandthusmuchmorefrequentinChinesethaninEnglish,thoughrhetoricalorsignificantrepetitioncanalsobefoundinEnglish.,不管是在英语还是在汉语里，句子重复使用词或词组都是存在的。英语往往是在修辞时才使用重复，一般情况下要避免重复。在英语里，无论是口语还是书面语，人们都不习惯重复。他们避免的重复成分小至单词大至句子。凡是意义相同或只是部分相同的词语，再此提起时都省略不出现，以避免重复。但汉语则不仅在修辞时使用重复，而且在一般情况下也大量使用重复。重复是汉语一个明显的特点。不过，汉语里的重复不会给人单调乏味或啰嗦之感，相反可以增强文章的战斗力。这是英汉语的重要差别之一。,Examples,Themonkeysmostextraordinaryfeatwaslearningtooperateatractor.Bytheageofnine,thisremarkableanimalhadlearnedtodrivethevehiclesingle-handed.这猴子最拿手的本领就是学会了开拖拉机。九岁时，这只了不起的猴子就已经学会了用一只手驾驶拖拉机。,MrsThatcherwonbyaclearmargin,andbecameprimeministerfivedaysafterJohnMajorsresignation.TheIronLadyremainedMPforFinchleyuntil1992,butevenafterleavingWestminstershecontinuedtobeaformidableforceintheleaderoftheConservativePartybecameafamiliarfigureinternationally,strikingupafamousfriendshipwithUSPresidentReaganandgainingthepraiseofSovietleaderGorbachev.ThesebigpotatoesplannedtopayanofficialvisittothefirstwomanPrimeMinisteroftheU.K.,Aswasmentionedabove,inanewsreport,“英国首相撒切尔夫人”isgivensuchdifferentnamestoavoidtherepetitionofthesamename.However,inChinesetheuseofmanydifferentnamesforthesamepersonmayseemunnatural,orevencauseambiguity.Asaresult,weshouldputgreatemphasisonthisdistinctionbetweenthesetwolanguagesinEnglishwritingandE-Ctranslation.,重复法实际上是一种增词法，只不过增加的词是上文刚刚出现过的词。翻译和写作一样，本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词，但有时为了明确、强调或生动，却往往需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。,为了明确,为了习惯,Wehavetoanalyseandsolveproblems.我们要分析问题，解决问题。,为了强调,Ihavefulfilledmyassignedworkaheadofschedule,sohashe.我已提前完成交给我的工作，他也提前完成交给他的工作。,为了生动,天苍苍，野茫茫Theskyisblueblue;Andthesteppewide,wide;,定语从句后，有时,Wehaveadvocatetheprincipleofpeacefulcoexistence,whichisnowgrowingmoreandmore我们提倡和平共处的原则，这个原则目前,CategoricalAnalysis,GrammaticalRepetition(语法性重复）RhetoricalReduplicationandRepetition（修辞性重叠和重复）,GrammaticalRepetition,Grammaticalrepetitionoftenresultsfromdifferencesingrammarandusagebetweenthetwolanguages.WhatisusuallyomittedorsubstitutedinEnglishgrammaticallymayoftenberepeatedinChinese.Asisall-known,clarityismoreimportantthanconciseness.Ifwecannotmakeourversionbothclearandbrief,byallmeansmakeitclearfirst.Repetitioncanhelpmakeitclearintranslation,and,atthesametimeremedyambiguity.,Theycarriedwiththemdifferenttools,machinesandironandsteelplates.他们随身带了各种不同的工具、机器、铁板和钢板。Weneedmaterialswhichcanbearhightemperatureandpressure.我们需要能耐高温高压的材料。,Wehavetoanalyzeandsolveproblems.我们要分析问题，解决问题。Thesolidfriendshipbetweenourtwocountriestookshapeduringourprotractedstrugglesagainstcolonialism,hegemonism,andoutmodedrelationships.在长期反殖民、反霸权、反旧体制的斗争中，我们两国建立了牢固的友谊。Readingexercisesoneseyes;speaking,onestongue;whilewriting,onesmind.读书开拓视野；说话开拓口才；写作开拓思维。,HespeaksEnglish,andthatverywell.他说一口英语，而且说得很好。Peace-lovingpeoplecanonlywishthatthevictoryinelectionbeutilizedandconsolidated,andthatastablegovernmentbeformedinthatcountry.爱好和平的人们仅能祝愿选举的胜利能被利用和巩固，祝愿该国能组建一个稳定的政府。JohnsboughthimselfanewFord.Hepracticallylivesinthecar.约翰给自己买了一辆新福特车。他几乎住在他的福特车里了。,RhetoricalReduplicationandRepetition,ReduplicationofChinesecharactersandrepetitionofwordsarefavoritedevicesinChinese.ItisoneofthepeculiaritiesofChinesetoreduplicatecharactersorwordsintranslation,whichcanrendertranslationsmoreappealingtoChinesereadersbecauseexpressivenesscanbeheightenedbyreduplicationofcharactersorwordsandrepetitionofwordsorexpressionstoachieve“结构美、均衡美、节奏美”.,Bayonetsflashedandwerestill.Asuccesssignalsoared.一道道刺刀寒光闪闪，却一动不动。这时，空中高高地划出一道成功的信号。Walkingupanddowntheemptyroom,hestoppedhereandtheretotouchorlook.他在空房里来来回回地走动着，不时地停下来，四处摸一摸，看一看。,Tobecomeahouseholdword家喻户晓Everchanging永恒变化Byhookorbycrook想方设法Backandforth翻来覆去Toandfro来来往往Onehasonesownway各有各的方法,Choosewhicheveryouplease喜欢什么就挑什么。Illgo;whatdoIhavetobeafraidof?去就去。怕什么怕？Helaughsbestwholaughslast.谁笑到最后，谁就笑的最甜。Talkmuch,errmuch说多错多。,Cometomyofficeandhaveatalkwithmewheneveryouarefree.你什么时候有空，就什么时候到我办公室来谈一谈。Whereverthereisplentyofsunandrain,thefieldsaregreen.哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。Letusreviseoursafetyandsanitaryregulations.我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。,Practiceinclass,Practiceinclass,Wetalkedofourselves,ofourprospects,ofthejourney,oftheweather,ofeachother-ofeverythingbutourhostandhostess.我们谈到了我们自己，谈到了我们的前程，谈到了那次旅行，谈到了当时的天气，谈到了我们彼此谈到了一切。Peopleusenaturalsciencetounderstandandchangenature.人们利用自然科学，去了解自然，改造自然。Thechiefeffectsofelectriccurrentsarethemagnetic,heatingandchemicaleffects.电流的主要效应是磁效应、热效应和化学效应。,Homework：,1.Youshouldhelphimsincehavepromisedtodoso.2.Theproletariatseekstotransformtheworldaccordingtoitsownworldoutlook,andsodoesthebourgeoisie.3.FromtheZhouandQinDynastiesonwards,Chinesesocietywasfeudal,sowereitspoliticsanditseconomy.,精品课件！,精品课