《动物微生物学》教学大纲

高级微生物学双语课教学大纲课程名称：高级微生物学 面向专业：全校课程代码： 大纲执笔人：常维山总学分：2 大纲审定人：柴同杰 一、课程教学的目的、性质、地位和任务微生物学是一门历史较短、发展较快、纵横交错和广泛联系实际的学科，具有内容覆盖面广和跨度大等特点。动物微生物本身是一个重要而独具特色的生物群体，它们不仅是一个研究生物学基本规律的理想材料，而且与动物及人类的生命活动密切相关。微生物的应用已涉及到兽医学、医学、农业、工业、食品和生物技术等许多方面。这样都促使动物微生物学不断发展和日益受到重视，使微生物成为生物学的重要学科，并为人类的生活作出重要贡献。二、课程教学的基本要求让学生在头脑中建立一个较牢固的动物微生物学知识网络；使他们获得一个既有一定深度和广度，又有一定的历史、现状和发展前景的综合知识；努力启发、引导和培养他们的科研及实际能力，使他们在本学科领域中能站得高，看得远，做得好。本课程一般应安排在生物化学课程以后学习。三、课程教学大纲及学时分配 Part Intrduction to Microbiology1. The History and Scope of Microbiology The Discovery of MicroorganismsThe Conflict over Spontaneous GenerationThe Role of Microorganisms in Disease Recongnization of the Relationship between Microorganisms and Disease The Development of Techniquies for Studying Microbial Pathogens Industrial Microbiology and Microbial EcologyMembers of the Microbial World The Scope and Relevance of MicrobiologyThe Future of Microbiology2.Eucaryotic Cell Structure and Function An Over of Eucaryotic Cell Struture The Cytoplasmic Matrix, Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, and Microtubules The Endoplasmic Reticulum The Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes and Endocytosis Eucaryotic Ribosomes Mitochondria Chloroplasts The Nucleus and Cell Division Nuclear Structure The Nucleous Mitosis and Meiosis External Cell Coverings Cilia and Flagella Comparison of Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells Part Microbial Nutrition , Growth ,and Control Microbial Nutrition The Common Nutrient Requirements Requirements for Carbon, Hydrogen,and Oxygen Nutritional Types of Microorganisms Requirements for Nitrigen,Phosphorus,and Sulfur Growth Factors Uptake of Nutrients by the Cell Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport Group Translocation Iron Uptake Culture Media Synthetic or Defined Midia Complex Media Types of Media Isolation of Pure Cultures The Spread Plate and Streak Plate The Pour Plate Colony Morphology and Growth Microbial Growth The Growth Curve Lag Phase Exponential Phase Death Phase The Mathematics of GrowthMeasurement of Microbial Growth Measurement of Cell Numbers Measurement of Cell MassThe Continuous Culture of Microorganisms The Chmostat The TurbidostatThe Influence of Environmental Factors on Growth Solutes and Water Activity PH Temperature Oxygen Concerntration Pressure RaditionMicrobial Growth in Natual Environments Growth Limitation by Environmental Factors Counting Viable But Nonculturable Vegetative Procaryotes Quorum Sensing and Microbial PopulationControl of Microorganisms by Physical and Chemical Agents Definition of Frequently Used Terms The Pattern of Microbial Death Conditions Influencing the Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Agent Activity The Use of Physical Methods in Control Heat Low Temperature Filtration Radiation The Use of Chemical Agents in Control Phenolics Alcohols Halogens Heavy Metals Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Aldehydes Sterilizing Gases Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agent EffectivenessPart Microbial Molecular Biology and Genetics Genes : Structure , Replication ,and Mutation DNA as Genitic Material Nucleic Acid Structure DNA StrutureRNA StrutureThe Organization of DNA in Cells DNA RepblicationPatterns of DNA SynthesisMechanism of DNA Repblication The Genetic CodeEstablishment of the Genetic CodeOrganization of the Code Gene StructureGenes That Code for ProteinGenes That Code for t RNA and rRNA Mutations and Their Chemical BasisMutations and MutagenesisSpontaneous MutationsInduce MutationsThe Expression of Mutations Detectation and Isolation of MutantsMutants Detection Mutants Selection Carcinogenicity Testing DNA RepairExcision RepairRemoval of LesionsPostreplication RepairRecombination RepairGenes: Expression and Regulation DNA Transcription or RNA Synthesis Transcription in Procaryotes Transcription in Eucaryotes Protein Synthesis Transfer RNA and Amino Acid Activation The Ribosome Initiation of Protein Synthesis Elongation of the Polypeptide Chain Termination of Protein Sythesis Protein Folding and Molecular Chaperones Protein Splicing Regulation of mRNA Synthesis Induction and Repression Negative Control Positive Control Attenuation Global Regulatory Systems Catabolite Repression Regulation by Sigma Factors and Control of Sporlation Antisense RNA and the Control of Porin Protein TwoComponent Phosphorelay Systems Control of the Cell Cycle Microbial Recombination and Plasmids Bacterial Recombination: General Principles Bacterial Plasmids Fertility Factors Resistance Factors Col Plasmids Other Types of Plasmids Transposable Elements Bacterial Conjugation F+ F Mating Hfr Conjugation F Conjugation DNA Transformation Transduction Generalized Transduction Specialized Transduction Mapping Genome Recombination and Genome Mapping in VirusesPart The Viruses : Viruses of Eucaryotes Classification of Animal Viruses Reproduction of Animal Viruses Adsorption of Virions Penetration and Uncoating Replication and Transcription in DNA Viruses Replication and Transcription in RNA Viruses Synthesis and Assembly of Virus Capsids Virion Release Cytocidal Infections and Cell Damage Persistent ,Latent ,and Slow Virus Infections Viruses and Cancer Plant Viruses Virion Morphology Plant Virus Taxonomy Plant Virus Reproduction Transmission of Plant Viruses Viruses of Fungi and Algae Insect Viruses Vioids and Prions Part V Pathogenicity of Microorganisms Host-Paracyte Relationships Pathogenesis of Viral Diseases Entry , Contact, and Primary Replication Viral Spread and Cell Tropism Cell Injury and Clinical Illness Recovery from Infection Virus Shedding Pathogenesis of Bacteria