我国银行业市场结构与市场份额分析.doc

精品文档我国银行业市场份额分析 市场份额（market shares ）指一个企业的销售量（或销售额）在市场同类产品中所占的比重，直接反映企业所提供的商品和劳务对消费者和用户的满足程度，表明企业的商品在市场上所处的地位。市场份额是企业的产品在市场上所占份额，也就是企业对市场的控制能力。市场份额越高，表明企业经营、竞争能力越强。企业市场份额的不断扩大，可以使企业获得某种形式的垄断，这种垄断既能带来垄断利润又能保持一定的竞争优势。 银行业的市场份额指某个银行业务量在银行业全部业务量中所占的比重，即指各银行的业务量和市场占有率。市场份额反映了银行业市场的竞争或垄断程度，可以通过4 个指标说明市场份额的高低，各银行的存款比率（Rd），贷款比率（Rl），总资产比率（Ra）和净利润比率（Rp）。 R=某银行存款（贷款、资产、净利润）总额国内同期商业银行存款（贷款、资产、净利润）总额 在我国的商业银行体系中，包括4 家国有商业银行、10 家股份制商业银行和100多家城市商业银行三大类。无论是从资产规模、负债规模及中间业务上看，国有商业银行都占有绝对的主体地位；而股份制商业银行则保持着较快的发展势头；城市商业银行无论从银行规模还是从市场份额上看，都无法与国有商业银行以及股份制商业银行相提并论，主要以国有商业银行和股份制商业银行为研究对象研究商业银行的市场结构。国有商业银行包括中国工商银行、中国银行、中国建设银行和中国农业银行；股份制商业银行包括1986 年以后相继建立的交通银行、中信实业银行、招商银行、中国民生银行、中国兴业银行、中国光大银行、华夏银行、广东发展银行、深圳发展银行（平安银行）、上海浦东发展银行。因为这14家银行所占的资产份额、存款份额、贷款份额之和约占我国总体银行业的90 %左右，所以足以说明问题。各银行市场份额如下表。所用统计数据来源于20002012 年各期中国金融年鉴。从市场份额上看，目前中国银行业的市场结构具有寡头垄断特征，以四大国有商业银行为主体的寡头垄断格局仍将持续一段时间。一存款市场份额 表一：中国商业银行1999-2012年存款市场份额一览表（单位%）银行名称19992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012中国工商银行33.4031.8331.6330.7428.7627.8126.4125.4524.5924.6222.7322.0321.5521.27中国银行18.9919.0215.8915.8214.8414.4913.8613.4613.1713.2515.5515.2815.5014.31中国建设银行19.7619.7020.0119.7018.7217.8918.4518.9219.0019.0918.6117.9417.5517.69中国农业银行17.8317.7318.4818.7918.7119.1918.5918.9618.8518.2517.4417.5716.9116.94国有银行89.9888.2786.0185.0481.0473.9877.3076.7975.6175.2074.3372.8271.5070.21交通银行2.823.113.253.455.115.265.625.695.555.595.525.675.775.81中信实业银行1.471.841.992.012.152.332.442.482.812.833.123.423.463.52招商银行1.241.491.782.132.312.532.923.103.363.743.743.753.903.95中国民生银行0.310.470.851.301.581.892.252.342.392.352.632.802.893.00中国兴业银行0.340.460.690.971.131.391.641.701.801.892.102.242.362.83中国光大银行1.211.311.580.681.872.082.002.021.931.811.882.102.152.23华夏银行0.530.670.861.011.171.301.451.491.561.451.351.521.571.62广东发展银行0.840.971.141.131.281.321.131.081.261.211.271.331.641.95深圳发展银行0.380.440.650.700.700.690.930.931.001.081.061.11%1.501.59上海浦东发展银行0.870.961.191.571.651.822.322.392.722.843.013.243.253.30股份制银行10.0211.7313.9914.9618.9620.6222.7023.2124.3924.8025.6727.1828.5029.79 表二：中国商业银行2009-2012年存款市场份额 单位：人民币百万元银行2009年百分比2010年百分比2011年百分比2012年百分比中国工商银行9,771,27722.73%11,145,55722.03%12,261,21921.55%13,642,91021.27%中国银行6,685,04915.55%7,733,53715.28%8,817,96115.50%9,173,99514.31%中国建设银行8,001,323 18.61%9,075,369 17.94%9,987,450 17.55%11,343,079 17.69%中国农业银行7,497,61817.44%8,887,90517.57%9,622,026 16.91%10,862,935 16.94%国有银行31,955,26774.33%36,842,36872.82%40,688,65671.50%45,022,91970.21%交通银行2,372,0555.52%2,867,8475.67%3,283,2325.77%3,728,4125.81%中信实业银行1,341,927 3.12%1,730,8163.42%1,968,0513.46%2,255,141 3.52%招商银行1,608,1463.74%1,897,1783.75%2,220,0603.90%2,532,4443.95%中国民生银行1,128,8302.63%1,417,8772.80%1,644,7382.89%1,926,1943.00%中国兴业银行900,8842.10% 1,132,7672.24%1,345,2792.36%1,813,266 2.83%中国光大银行807,7031.88% 1,063,1802.10%1,225,278 2.15%1,426,9412.23%华夏银行(估计)581,6781.35%767,6221.52% 896,024 1.57%1,036,0001.62%广东发展银行543,9001.27%673,7481.33%932,7541.64%1,247,3851.95%深圳发展银行454,6351.06%562,9121.11%850,8451.50%1,021,1081.59%上海浦东发展银行 1,295,342 3.01%1,640,460 3.24%1,851,0563.25% 2,119,284 3.30%股份制银行10,134,21625.67%13,754,40727.18%16,217,31728.50%19,106,17529.79%总计42,990,367100.00%50,596,775100.00%56,905,973100.00%64,129,094100.00%2009年至2012年国有银行与股份制银行存款总额比较 二：资产市场份额 表三：中国商业银行1999-2012年资产市场份额一览表（单位%）银行名称19992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012中国工商银行29.3229.5129.6328.2326.9926.4725.2625.2124.9323.3321.8821.2220.9420.58中国银行21,.6821.4917.8217.3316.6216.2915.4314.8814.3914.5316.2516.4916.0014.88中国建设银行18.2318.8018.8918.3918.1718.2317.9418.2918.9418.0717.8617.0416.6216.39中国农业银行18.8516.2317.3517.7517.8618.7418.6617.9415.2316.7716.4916.30%15.8015.54国有银行88.0886.0283.6881.7079.6579.7377.2876.3273.4972.7072.4771.0569.3667.39交通银行4.464.664.544.574.755.325.575.776.046.396.146.236.246.19中信实业银行1.301.742.062.002.150.412.332.372.902.843.293.283.743.47招商银行1.351.611.832.222.582.812.873.143.763.763.843.793.784.00中国民生银行0.300.510.951.471.852.082.182.352.642.512.652.883.023.77中国兴业银行0.410.640.861.061.331.591.862.072.442.442.472.923.263.81中国光大银行1.391.541.821.962.021.942.022.002.122.042.222.342.352.67华夏银行0.510.710.941.061.261.421.391.491.701.751.571.641.681.75广东发展银行1.001.111.311.311541.611.391.491.701.751.241.281.241.37深圳发展银行0.360.500.820.990.990.950.870.871.011.131.091.151.701.88上海浦东发展银行0.840.971.191.671.902.132.242.312.633.133.013.453.633.69股份制银行11.9213.9816.3218.3020.3520.2722.7223.6826.5127.3027.5328.9530.6432.61表四：中国商业银行2009-2012年资产市场份额 单位：人民币百万元 银行2009年百分比2010年百分比2011年百分比2012年百分比中国工商银行11,785,05321.88%13,458,62221.22%15,476,86820.94%17,542,21720.58%中国银行8,751,943 16.25%10,459,70316.49%11,829,78916.00%12,680,61514.88%中国建设银行9,623,355 17.86%10,810,317 17.04%12,281,834 16.62%13,972,828 16.39%中国农业银行8,882,58816.49%10,337,40616.30%11,677,57715.80%13,244,342 15.54%国有银行39,042,93972.47%45,066,04871.05%51,266,06869.36%57,440,00267.39%交通银行3,309,1376.14%3,951,5936.23%4,611,1776.24%5,273,3796.19%中信实业银行1,775,0313.29%2,081,3143.28%2,765,8813.74%2,959,939 3.47%招商银行2,067,9413.84%2,402,5073.79%2,794,9713.78%3,408,2194.00%中国民生银行1,426,3922.65%1,823,7372.88%2,229,0643.02%3,212,0013.77%中国兴业银行1,332,162 2.47%1,849,6732.92%2,408,7983.26%3,250,975 3.81%中国光大银行1,197,696 2.22%1,483,9502.34%1,733,346 2.35%2,279,295 2.67%华夏银行845,4561.57%1,040,2301.64%1,244,1411.68%1,488,8601.75%广东发展银行666,5001.24%814,390 1.28%918,982 1.24%1,168,1501.37%深圳发展银行 587,811 1.09%727,2071.15%1,258,1771.70%1,606,5371.88%上海浦东发展银行1,622,718 3.01%2,191,4113.45%2,684,6943.63% 3,145,707 3.69%股份制银行14,830,84427.53%18,366,01228.95%19,964,53730.64%27,793,06232.61%总计53,873,783100%63,432,060100%71,230,605100%85,233,064100%2009年至2012年国有银行与股份制银行总资产比较 三：贷款市场份额表五：中国商业银行2009-2012年贷款市场份额 单位：人民币百万元银行2009年百分比2010年百分比2011年百分比2012年百分比中国工商银行5,728,62620.72%6,790,50620.54%7,788,89720.57%8,803,69220.43%中国银行4,797,40817.35%5,660,62117.12%6,342,81416.75%6,864,69615.93%中国建设银行4,692,947 16.97%5,669,12817.15%6,496,41117.16%7,512,31217.44%中国农业银行4,011,49514.51%4,788,00814.48% 5,410,086 14.29%6,153,411 14.28%国有银行19,230,47669.54%22,908,26369.29%26,038,20868.78%29,334,11168.08%交通银行1,839,3146.65%2,236,9276.77%2,561,7506.77%2,947,2996.84%中信实业银行1,065,649 3.85%1,264,245 3.82%1,434,037 3.79%1,662,9013.86%招商银行1,185,8224.29%1,431,4514.33%1,641,0754.33%1,904,4634.42%中国民生银行882,9793.19%1,057,5713.20%1,205,2213.18%1,384,6103.21%中国兴业银行701,597 2.54%854,3392.58%983,2542.60%1,229,165 2.85%中国光大银行648,969 2.35%778,828 2.36%889,8252.35%1,023,187 2.37%华夏银行430,2261.56%527,9371.60%611,4631.62%720,2001.67%广东发展银行380,9001.38%446,1001.35%540,1641.43%615,7501.43%深圳发展银行359,517 1.30%407,3911.23%620,6421.64%720,7801.67%上海浦东发展银行928,8553.36%1,146,490 3.47% 1,331,436 3.52% 1,544,553 3.58%股份制银行8,423,82830.46%10,15,27930.71%11,818,86731.22%13,752,90831.92%总计2,765,4304200.00%33,059,542200.00%37,857,075200.00%43,087,019200.00%2009年至2012年国有银行与股份制银行贷款总额比较 四：净利润市场份额表六：中国商业银行2009-2012年净利润市场份额 单位：人民币百万元银行2009年百分比2010年百分比2011年百分比2012年百分比中国工商银行129,35025.48%166,02524.47%208,44523.80%238,69123.28%中国银行85,34916.81%109,82016.18%130,50214.90%145,52214.19%中国建设银行106,83621.05%135,031 19.90%169,439 19.34%193,602 18.88%中国农业银行65,00212.81%94,90713.99%121,956 13.92%145,131 14.16%国有银行386,53776.15%505,78374.53%630,34271.96%722,94670.52%交通银行30,0755.92%39,0425.75%50,7355.79%58,3735.69%中信实业银行14,320 2.82%21,5093.17%30,8193.52%31,032 3.03%招商银行18,2353.59%25,7693.80%36,1274.12%45,2774.42%中国民生银行12,104 2.38%17,5812.59%27,9203.19%37,5633.66%中国兴业银行13,282 2.62%18,5212.73%25,5052.91%34,718 3.39%中国光大银行7,643 1.51% 12,7901.88% 18,068 2.06%23,5912.30%华夏银行3,7600.74%5,9900.88%9,2221.05%12,7961.25%广东发展银行3,3960.67%6,189 0.91%9,586 1.09%11,2201.09%深圳发展银行5,0310.99%6,2470.92%10,3901.19%13,5111.32%上海浦东发展银行 13,217 2.60%19,1772.83%27,2863.11% 34,186 3.33%股份制银行121,06323.85%172,81525.47%245,65828.04%302,26729.48%总计507,600100.00%678,598100.00%876,000100.00%1,025,213100.00%2009年至2012年国有银行与股份制银行净利润比较 数据分析 首先，分析中国商业银行的存款市场份额分布情况，表一显示，国有银行仍居于主要地位，始终保持70%以上。2004 年股份制改革