新职业英语《旅游英语1》Unit 4

Unit4,Foodandbeverageservice,旅游英语,河北旅游职业学院,Warming-up,ReadingA,Listening,Speaking,4,1,2,3,ReadingB,5,Writing,6,Project,7,VocabularyandStructure,8,Self-evaluation,Grammar,10,9,Task1,Task2,SuggestedAnswers:A.StewedMeatballswithBrownSauceB.Hot-potC.SweetandSourPorkD.KungPaoChicken/SaucedChickenCubeswithChiliandPeanutsE.SteamedWhiteStuffedBunF.PulledNoodleswithBeefG.FriedRicewithScrambledEggsH.PekingRoastDuck,Task1,Task2,SuggestedAnswers:1.Kungfuwasestablishedin1994.Currentlyitpossessesover300restaurantsastheChinesefastfoodschainwithmostrestaurantsandbiggestsize.ItdevelopedtheComputerProgramControlSteamCabinetin1997andtackledthedifficultyof“standardization”ofChinesefoods,exploredthenewroadforthedevelopmentofChinesefastfoods,andachievedthedreamof“industrializedproduction”,“cheffree”and“samequalityfor1,000sharesoffastfoods”fortheChinesefoodsindustry.,Unit4foodandbeverageservice,Task2,3.QuanjudeisafamousChineserestaurantknownforitstrademarkQuanjudePekingRoastDuckanditslong-standingculinaryheritage.,Unit4foodandbeverageservice,2.ChenghuangTempleisaTaoisttemple.Coveringanareaofmorethan10,000squaremeters,itismadeupofmanyhallsandtwogardens.Today,itisanimportantvenueforreligiousactivitiesinShanghaiandforinternationalculturalexchange,wheremanystoressellvariousgoods,snacksthatarespecializedinShanghai.,ReadingA,Text,Task1,Task2,Task3,Task4,BackgroundInformation,BackgroundInformationEverycountryhasitsownpeculiardiningcustoms.TheChinesefeelthatthefirstruleofbeingacourteousguestistobemodest.Whenapersonisinvitedtodinner,hewilldeclinefirstbecauseheisafraiditwillgivethehostandhostessalotoftroublepreparingforit.Asthehostkeepsoninvitinghim,hellthenacceptit.Usuallytheguestwillbringsomegiftstothehost,suchasfruit,flowersandwine.Thehostwillimmediatelyprotesthisdoingsobysaying,“Youshouldnthaveboughtthegifts.Youaretoopoliteandgenerous!”Whenthedinnerisready,theguestsareinvitedtositdownfirst.Theysitinthechairsthatarefacingthesouth,whichareconsideredtobehonoredseats.Aftereverybodyisseated,thehostasksthegueststostarteatingfirstbecausetheywillnoteatbeforethehostsaysso.Whenthedinnerisover,thehostandhostesswillaskthegueststowatchTV,drinktea,andsometimestojoinacardgameorMahjonggame.Aftersometime,theguestswillleave,anditiscustomaryforthehosttoseetheguestsoff.,ReadingA,Task1,Steps:GetSstogothroughthedirections.Circulateintheclassroomtoofferhelpifnecessaryandwriteusefulwordsontheboard.Doawhole-classfeedback,andgetoneortwoSstogiveabriefreport.,Objective:SsgettoknowcharacteristicsandtherepresentativedishesofChineseregionalcuisine.Time:10minutes,SuggestedAnswers:,(1)Dontstickyourchopsticksuprightinthericebowl.Instead,laythemonyourdish.Thereasonforthisisthatwhensomebodydies,theshrinetothemcontainsabowlofsandorricewithtwosticksofincensestuckuprightinit.Soifyoustickyourchopsticksinthericebowl,itlookslikethisshrineandisequivalenttowishingdeathuponapersonatthetable!,ReadingA,(2)Makesurethespoutoftheteapotisnotfacinganyone.Itisimpolitetosettheteapotdownwherethespoutisfacingtowardssomebody.Thespoutshouldalwaysbedirectedtowherenobodyissitting,usuallyjustoutwardfromthetable.,(3)Donttaponyourbowlwithyourchopsticks.Beggarstapontheirbowls,sothisisnotpolite.Also,inarestaurant,ifthefoodiscomingtooslowpeoplewilltaptheirbowls.Ifyouareinsomeoneshome,itislikeinsultingthecook.,Task1,AtypicalChinesegreetingis“Haveyoueaten?”indicatingjusthowimportantChinesepeopleconsiderthewholediningexperience.Believedtobeoneofthemostfamouscuisinesintheworld,aChinesemealwillsurelygiveyouamemorableexperience.,DininginChina(1),WhattoeatinChina?Chinesecuisineisjustasvariedasitslandscape.Itisoftenreferredtointermsofregionsbecauseofthedifferentgeographic,cultural,climatic,andeconomicconditions.Generallyspeaking,inthesouth,wherewaterisabundant,riceisthestaplefood,whileinthenorth,thestaplegrainiswheat,sosteamedbread,dumplingsandnoodlesareverycommon.InChinathereareeightmainregionalcuisines,ofwhichthemostfamousareLucuisineinShandongProvince,whereseafooddelicaciesarehighlyprized;SichuancuisineinSichuanProvince,whichboasts“hundredsofflavorsforhundredsofdishes”,andwhichisfamouslyhotandspicy;andCantonesecuisineinGuangdongProvince,wherecookspridethemselvesasbeingabletomakeadeliciousmealfromanyingredients.,DininginChina(2),WheretoeatinChina?Someofthebestfoodisprovidedinfamousbrand-namerestaurants,someofwhichareoverahundredyearsoldlikethe“Quanjude”inBeijing,wherethefamousBeijingRoastDuckisserved.Dininginsuchatime-honoredrestaurantisliketastingapartofhistory.Mostofthestarratedhotelsalsohaveexcellentrestaurants,oftenspecializinginparticularregionalcuisines,andusually,nowadays,boastingaWesternrestaurantaswell.Besidestheseexcellentrestaurants,foodinfamily-runestablishmentsismuchcheaperbutstilldeliciousandeverytowninChinahasplentyofsmall,cheap,“hole-in-the-wall”diningoptions.,DininginChina(3),HowtoeatinChina?“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”WhendininginChina,therearesomewidelyacceptedrulestofollow.UnlikeinWesterncountries,Chinesefoodisdesignedtobeeatenbyagroupofpeoplesharinganumberofdifferentdishesratherthaneachpersoneatingonlyhisorherownchoice.Furthermore,foodisusuallyservedinbite-sizepiecesnotonlybecauseitcooksfasterinthiswaybutalsobecauseitcanbeeatenwithchopsticks.TherearealsoanumberoftaboostobeawareofataChinesediningtable.Forexample,neverleaveyourchopsticksstandinguprightinabowlofricebecausetheylooklikethetwoincensesticksburntatfunerals!,DininginChina(4),食在中国典型的中国式问候语“您吃了吗？”表明了中国人对于吃的重视。中国菜被认为是世界著名菜系之一，享用一顿中国美食必将给你一个难忘的经历。在中国吃什么？中国菜恰如中国美景一样丰富多样。由于中国各地在地理、文化、气候和经济条件方面的差异，人们在谈起中国美食时，常常用地域来划分其种类。一般来说，在水资源丰富的南方，人们以米饭作为主食；而在北方，主要作物是小麦，所以馒头、饺子和面条非常普遍。中国拥有八大地方菜系，其中最有名的菜系有以海鲜出名的山东省的鲁菜、号称“百菜百味”且以辛辣闻名的四川省的川菜，以及号称厨师可以用任何原料烹制美食的广东省的粤菜。,在中国去哪儿吃？一些最好的美食出自著名的饭店，其中一些是百年老字号，如以北京烤鸭闻名的“全聚德”。在这样历史悠久的饭店用餐如同在品味历史。多数星级酒店也有很好的餐厅，而且通常以地方风味为特色，现在通常也提供西餐。除了上面提到的高级餐厅，有些家族经营的小饭馆的食物也是既美味又便宜。另外中国的每个小镇都有很多便宜的、又小又不起眼的小饭馆可供您选择。,在中国如何吃？入乡随俗，在中国吃饭，有些约定俗成的规矩要遵守。与西方国家不同，中餐是一群人一起分享很多不同的菜，而不是各人吃自己点的那一份食物。另外，为了方便食物烹调并且可以用筷子夹取，中餐的食物通常都切成小块。中餐的餐桌上有些禁忌要注意，比如，不要把筷子竖立在饭碗里，因为这样看起来像是在葬礼上烧的两支香。,ReadingA,Objective:Ssscanthepassagetofindsupportingdetailsformainideas.Time:10minutes,Task2,Steps:ClarifytheassignmentforSs.Ssworkinpairs.Sscomparetheirworkwithothers.ChecktheanswersbygettingindividualSstoreadtheanswersaloud.ProvidethepointsSshavemissed.,ReadingA,Task2Key,ReadingA,Objective:Ssskimthepassageforspecificinformation.Time:5minutes,Task3,Keys:1.T2.F3.F4.F5.T,Steps:Ssworkindividually.ChecktheanswerswiththewholeclassbygettingindividualSstocorrectthefalsestatements.,ReadingA,Objective:Ssgetmoreinformationonspecialfoodindifferentareas.Time:10minutes,Task4,Steps:Gothroughthedirectionswiththewholeclass.Ssworkinsmallgroupstoexplorethistopic.CirculateintheclassroomwhileSsarediscussingandwriteusefulwordsontheboard.Sswriteabriefreportormakeanoralpresentationtotheclass.Makecomments.,(open),Task2,Task3,Task4,Task5,Task1,Listening,Task1,Objective:Sscanaccuratelywritedownthemissinginformationintheconversation.Time:10minutes,Key:1.mealarrangements2.buffet3.forachange4.quicksandwich5.Westerncaf,Listening,Task1Script,Ms.Blaire:XiaoLi,whatarethemealarrangementsforthetourgrouptomorrow?LiMing:Well,wellhavebreakfastat7:00amonthethirdfloorofthehotel.Itisbuffetstylewithagoodvarietyofoptions.Ms.Blaire:OK.Howaboutlunch?LiMing:Afterthemorningvisit,wellhavelunchinaChineserestaurant.Ms.Blaire:Mm.wedolikeChinesefood,butcouldwehavelunchinaWesternrestaurantforachange?LiMing:AreyousureyouwouldntliketohaveafullChinesemeal?Ms.Blaire:No,thatsnotnecessary.Weneedtohaveanearlylunchtomorrowaswewillbeleavingat2:00pmfortheairport.Ithinkthegroupwouldappreciatebeingabletohavejustaquicksandwichforlunch.LiMing:Oh,Isee.IknowaWesterncafnearby.Shallwegothere?Ms.Blaire:Sure.Isitfarfromthescenicspot?LiMing:No.Itlltakeusonlyabouttenminutestogetthere.Ms.Blaire:Thatsfine.Thankyou.,Listening,Task2,Objective:Sscanunderstandspecificinformationanddecidewhetherthegivenstatementsaretrueorfalse.Time:10minutes,Key1.T2.F3.F4.F,Listening,Ms.Blaire:XiaoLi,ourtouristsarecomplainingthatthediningroomistoosmalltohold23people.LiMing:Oh,Imsorry,Ms.Blaire.Itsthepeaktimenow.ThisisthelargestroomIcanfind.ButIknowtherewillbealargerroomavailablein20minutes.Ms.Blaire:Doyoumeanwehavetowaitforanother20minutestohavedinner?LiMing:Imafraidso,ifyoudliketomovetoalargerroom.Ms.Blaire:Butthetouristsarequitehungrynow.LiMing:Whataboutaskingthewaitertoservesomesnackswhilewaiting?Ms.Blaire:OK.Thatsgood.Besides,itseemsthereissomethingwrongwiththeairconditioningintheroom.LiMing:Oh,dontworry.Iwillhavethewaitercheckitrightnow.Ms.Blaire:Thankyou.Youaresohelpful!,Task2Script,Key1.small2.exhausted3.manager,Listening,Task3,Objective:Sscanfindspecificinformationfromlisteningtoanswerthegivenquestions.Time:10minutes,Ms.Blaire:Excuseme,XiaoLi.MayIhaveawordwithyou?LiMing:Yes,whatcanIdoforyou?Ms.Blaire:Mygroupmembershavebeencomplainingaboutthemealstheyhavehadinthisrestaurant.LiMing:Whatstheproblem?Ms.Blaire:Thedishesarequitesmall.Sometouristshadtobuysnackshemselvesaftermeals.LiMing:Oh,Ididntexpectthat!Butnoonecomplainedyesterday.Thequantityoffoodisthesameastoday.Ms.Blaire:Well,theyclimbedamountainthismorningandbecamereallyexhausted.Ithinkthatswhytheyhadagreatappetitetoday.LiMing:OK,Illtalkwiththemanagerandaskhimtoseetoit.Ms.Blaire:Thankyouverymuch.LiMing:Youarewelcome.,Task3Script,Listening,Listening,Task4,Objective:Sscanrecordspecificinformationintheconversation.Time:10minutes,Key1.thespicyfoodofSichuancuisine2.changesomespicydishesintolightones3.arrangesomespecialdishes,Listening,LiMing:Ms.Blaire,howaboutthemealtoday?Ms.Blaire:Good!Thefoodquantityisobviouslybiggerthanyesterday.LiMing:Imsogladtohearthat.Ms.Blaire:Butthefoodseemstoospicytosometourists.IknowSichuancuisineisfamouslyhotandspicy,butImafraidithurttheirstomachs.LiMing:Isthereanyonehavingastomachache?Ihavesomepillsforthem.Ms.Blaire:Dontworry.Theyarefinenowafterhavingarest.LiMing:OK.Iwillaskthemanagertochangesomespicydishesintolightones.Ms.Blaire:Oh,Inearlyforgot.Wehaveonevegetarianguest.Canyoumakesomespecialdishesforher?LiMing:OK,noproblem.Iwillseetoitrightnow.,Task4Script,Listening,Task5,Objective:Sscanaccuratelywritedownthemissinginformationintheconversation.Time:10minutes,Key1.long-standing2.chickenandduck3.retired4.aflaw5.union,Listening,MaybeyoudliketoknowwhatQuanjuderepresents.OncewhenPremierZhouEnlaiwashostingsomeimportantforeignguestsatQuanjude,oneoftheguestsasked,“WhatdoesQuanjudemean?”PremierZhouanswered,“Quanmeansperfectionwithoutaflaw,Jumeansgatheringwithoutdeparting,andDemeansvirtuestobesupreme.”Therefore,Quanjudeimpliesperfection,unionandbenevolence.,Hello,everyone.IdliketointroducethefamousQuanjudeRestaurant.QuanjudeisfamousforitsPekingRoastDuckanditslong-standingculinaryheritage.Itwasestablishedin1864inBeijing.Justthinkithasbeenservingroastduckfornearly150yearsatthisverysamespot!ThefirstQuanjudemanager,YangQuanren,startedoutsellingchickenandduck.Then,oneday,hepaidaretiredcheffromtheimperialpalaceforanimperialrecipe.Soonafter,Quanjudebecamethefirstrestaurantintheworldtoserveroastduck,cookedasitwasintheimperialkitchens,tothegeneralpublic.,Task4Script,Task2,Task3,Task4,Task1,Speaking,Task1,Objective:Ssknowhowtointroducemealarrangements.Time:15minutes,Steps:SsreadSpeakingTask1.Sschoosetheroles.Ssmakeaconversation.Ssrole-playtheconversationinclass.,SampleTourleader:Excuseme,thetouristsarehungry,whenandwheredowehavelunch?Tourguide:Wewillhavelunchatthedininghallonthesecondfloor.Tourleader:Isthereanythingspecial?Tourguide:Yes,wearrangedsomeChinesespecialfoodforyou,suchasChinesedumplingandPekingRoastDuck.Tourleader:Oh,itsoundsgood.Butsometouristsareallergictoonion.Tourguide:Really?Iwilltellthecooknottoputonioninthedishes.Tourleader:Oh,thankyouverymuch.Tourguide:Youarewelcome.,Speaking,Speaking,Task2,Objective:Ssknowhowtotalkaboutchangingaroom.Time:15minutes,Steps:SsreadSpeakingTask2.Sschoosetheroles.Ssmakeaconversation.Ssrole-playtheconversationinclass.,SampleTourguide:OK,nowwevereachedtherestaurantwherewehavereserved.Toutleader:Itlooksgood.Whereisourroom?Tourguide:Thisway,please.Tourleader:Oh,wecanseenothingfromthewindowoftheroom.Couldwechangetoaroomwhichfacesthesea?Wereallywanttoenjoythebeautifulsceneryofthesea.Tourguide:Imnorsureifthereisanemptyroom.Illgotoaskthewaiter.Tourleader:Thankyou.(Severalminuteslater)Tourguide:Werelucky.Thereisanemptyroomin116.Tourleader:Thankyou.Wellgotothatroomtoenjoythescenerywiththedeliciousfood.,Speaking,Speaking,Task3,Objective:Ssknowhowtodealwithcomplaintsaboutthefood.Time:15minutes,Steps:SsreadSpeakingTask3.Sschoosetheroles.Ssmakeaconversation.Ssrole-playtheconversationinclass.,SampleTourguide:Iseverythingtoyoursatisfaction?Tourleader:No.Thefishisnotfresh.Ithasbadsmell.Andthereiscleansandinthevegetable.Tourguide:Oh,Imawfullysorrytohearthat.Illconsultitwiththemanager.Pleasewaitformeforamoment.(Severalminuteslater)Tourguide:Themanageraskedthecooktodothemagain.Butwehavetowaitfor30minutes.Tourleader:Oh,ourtimeislimited.Wecantwaitsolong.Theymustgiveuscompensation.Tourguide:Illconsultitwiththemanageragain.(Severalminuteslater)Tourguide:Themanagerwillprovidetwomorefreedishesforusascompensation.Hehopesyoucangivehimanotherchance.Tourleader:OK.Welltrythemagain.,Speaking,Speaking,Task4,Objective:Ssknowhowtodealwithemergency.Time:15minutes,Steps:SsreadSpeakingTask4.Sschoosetheroles.Ssmakeaconversation.Ssrole-playtheconversationinclass.,SampleTourist:Hello,Mr.Li,Idontfeelwellafterdinner.Tourguide:Dontworry.Whatsthesymptom?Tourist:Icantstopvomiting.Tourguide:Whathaveyoueatenatdinner?Tourist:Iatesomeseafood.Tourguide:Whatsyourroomnumber?Tourguide:332.Tourist:OK,Iwillcall120andcomeovertoseeyouimmediately.,Speaking,Task1,Task2,Text,ReadingB,Task3,GongfuTeaGongfuTeafirstappearedinChaozhouinGuangdongProvinceduringtheSongDynasty.Theword“Gongfu”means“skill”or“patience”.Itissonamedpartlybecausethetea-makingprocessissotime-consumingandrequiresgreatskillandpatience.GongfuTeasetsareverysmall.Thepotteryteapotisnobiggerthanafistandthewhite,transparentteacupsarejustalittlelargerthanpigeoneggs.Traditionally,peopleuseasmallcharcoalstove,asmallwaterkettleandaporcelainbasetoholdteasets.SpringorwellwaterisconsideredtobethebestformakingGongfuTea.Bothteapotandteacupsarefirstcleanedwithboilingwatertogetridofanyremainingoldtealeavesandtowarmtheset.Thenagoodhandfuloftealeavesareputintotheteapotfillingitalmosttothebrim.,ReadingB,Thekettleisgenerallyraiseduphighwhenpouringtheboilingwaterintotheteapotsothatthewatercoolsalittlebeforecomingincontactwiththetea.Thefirstroundofteaisdiscardedasitmaycontainimpuritiesandfroth.Thesecondroundisthenpouredwithacircularmotionintoeachcupsothattherewillbethesamecolorandconsistencyofteainallthecups.Toavoidcreatingfrothandscatteringthefragranceofthetea,theteapotshouldbeheldclosetotheteacupswhenpouring.Thefirstsiptastesslightlybitter,butverysoon,thesweetandmellowaftertasteisapparent,lingeringinthemouth.ItisthislingeringaftertastethatmakesGongfuTeasopopularandhighlyprizedasthemostcharmingteacultureinChina.,ReadingB,ReadingB,功夫茶功夫茶最早于宋代出现在广东省潮州市。“功夫”这个词可理解为“技巧”或者“耐心”。如此命名是因为沏茶过程不仅费时，而且需要相当的技巧和耐心。功夫茶的茶具非常小，陶制茶壶还没有一个拳头大，白而透明的茶杯只比鸽子蛋大一点。以前人们还使用一个小木炭炉、一个小水壶和一个装茶具的瓷托。泉水或井水被认为是用来冲泡功夫茶的最佳选择。首先用开水刷洗茶壶和茶杯，以便洗掉残余的茶叶，同时预热茶具，然后往茶壶里装入满满一壶的茶叶。通常在往茶壶里倒入热水时要高高举起水壶，这样热水在接触茶叶之前会稍稍降温。第一道茶要倒掉，因为里面可能含有杂质和泡沫。倒第二道时茶壶作圆周运动，均匀地将茶水倒入每个杯子里，以使所有杯子里的茶水的颜色和浓度保持一致。为了避免起泡，分散茶香，倒茶时应将茶壶贴近茶杯。第一口茶味道微苦，但很快一股香甜醇厚的余味会留香齿颊。就是这缕余韵使得功夫茶如此受欢迎并得到高度赞扬，成为中国最具魅力的茶文化。,ReadingB,Task1,Objective:Ssscanthepassagetofindaspectsmentionedinit.Time:5minutes,Steps:SsreadReadingBTask1.SstickofftheaspectsmentionedinReadingB.Checktheanswerswiththewholeclass.,Key1267,ReadingB,Task2,Objective:Ssknowsomeusefultermsneededtounderstandthepassage.Time:5minutes,Steps:SsreadReadingBTask2.Ssworkindividuallyandthencompareanswerswithothers.Checktheanswerswiththewholeclass.,Key1.e2.i3.g4.a5.j6.d7.b8.f9.c10.h,ReadingB,Task3,Objective:SscancorrectlyunderstandapassageandtranslateitintoChinese.Time:30minutes,Steps:SsreadReadingBTask3.Ifnecessary,pre-explainthedifficultwordsorphrasesinthepassage.AllowenoughtimeforSstoreadthepassage.Ssworkindividuallyorinpairstocompletethetranslatingtask.Offerhelpifnecessary.ChoosetwoSstopresenttheirwork.Checktheanswersandmakenecessarycommentsontheirwork.,SuggestedAnswer:药膳是中华饮食文化的重要组成部分。食之五味，即酸、甜、苦、辣、咸，如果运用得当，可使人健康长寿。中国药膳厨师从中华传统医药学中汲取理论，找到了一条通过合理烹调达到食疗效果的科学方法。,Task2,Task1,Writing,Writing,Task1,Objective:Sscancorrectlywritealettertoconfirmfoodandbeveragearrangements.Time:20minutesSteps:SsreadWritingTask1.Ssdiscussinsmallgroupstolistpointsthatshouldbeincludedinthewritingtask.Ssworkonthetaskindividually.Offerhelpifneeded.Commentbriefly.,Writing,DearMr.Smith,Thankyouforyourletter.Iamhappytoconfirmthefoodandbeveragearrangementsasfollows:tenmealsfromSep.10toSep.13including3breakfasts,4lunchesand3dinners.Consideringsometouristsarevegetarian,thecookwillmakeseveralspecialdishesforthem.Pleaseinformusifthereisanyfoodthetouristsmaybeallergicto.Sincerelyyours,LiMing,SuggestedAnswers:,Writing,Task2,Objective:Ssknowhowtocompleteaneventorder.Time:10minutesSteps:SsreadWritingTask2.Ssdothetaskontheirown.Offerhelpifneeded.Presenttheanswersandexplain.,Key1.Location2.Date3.Time4.Attendance5.Billing6.Price7.Food8.Beverage,Project,ThisprojectisanintegratedtaskthatrequiresSstoworktogetherandgothroughtheprocessofintroducingChinesefood.SsshouldknowhowtocollectinformationofafamousChinesedish;Ssarealsorequiredtoprepareapresentationonthedish;Finally,Ssshouldrole-playaconversationaboutthedish.Time:30minutes,Project,Steps:Grouping.Dividetheclassintogroups.Thereareseveralways:Sspickuptheirownpartners;Teachersgroupfastlearnerswithslowlearners;Ssfindtheirpartnersbydrawinglots.Definingproject.Gothroughtheprojectwiththeclassandclarifyrequirements.Timingsteadye.g.TheChinesestaplefoodisriceinthesouth.4.pride:v.tobeespeciallyproudofsomethingthatyoudowell,orofagoodqualitythatyouhavee.g.Shehasalwayspridedherselfonherappearance.,NewWordsandExpressions,Paragraph45.taboo:n.acustomthatsaysyoumustavoidaparticularactivityorsubject,eitherbecauseitisconsideredoffensiveorbecause