【短文改错】考点破解七：非谓语动词的错误

【短文改错】考点破解七：非谓语动词的错误真题再练下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。1.(2012新课标卷)Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile,Ifoundoutthatwithmorepatience,Icouldmakemytoystolast.Myattitudechangedfromthenon.2.(2011新课标卷)IwasattheShanghaiRailwayStationbuyatickettoHangzhou.3.(2015新课标卷II)Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundthathisparentsweremissing.4.(2013新课标卷II)Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner.思路点拨1.当句中已有谓语动词时，后面又出现动词，且该动词前没有并列连词时，该动词应是非谓语动词。2.作主语或宾语用动词-ing形式或不定式(具体某次)，如真题再练4；在介词后作宾语要用动词-ing形式，如真题再练3。3.根据分词的逻辑主语与分词是主动关系还是被动关系，判断分词是否用错。如真题再练2。又如：Itwillbelotsoffunpractisingoutintheplaygroundintheafternoonwiththetreesaroundusallredandyellowandeverybodylaughedandshouting.(2007大纲卷II)解析：在andeverybodylaughedandshouting中，因everybody与laugh是主动关系，要用动词-ing形式作宾补，故改laughed为laughing。4.用固定搭配去判断是否有错。如hadbetterdosth.,agreetodosth.,helpdosth.,wouldliketodosth.,helpsb.dosth.,make/let/havesb.dosth.(使某人做某事)；see/hearsb.dosth.(看到/听到某人做某事)；see/hearsb.doingsth.(看到/听到某人正在做某事)等。如真题再练1。考点归纳1.作主语或作介词宾语，该用动词-ing形式时却用了原形。尤其注意分清to是介词还是不定式符号。一定要熟记lookforwardto,beusedto,bedevotedto,getaccustomedto等常用的to是介词的短语。如：Heisntgoodattalkbuthegetsonwellwithotherpeople.(2013大纲卷)解析：talk在介词at后作宾语，应当用动词-ing形式，故改talk为talking。2.作定语、状语或补语时，非谓语动词形式用错。如：Third,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing(2012大纲卷II)解析：水“被用”,用过去分词作后置定语，故改using为used。3.在makesb.dosth.,asksb.todosth.,helpsb.dosth.等固定结构中，多用to，少用to，或to后接动词的-ing形式。如：Mybrotherwassofondofthemuseumstherethathebeggedmyparentstostayinganothercoupleofdays.(2011大纲卷II)解析：由begsb.todosth.(恳求某人做某事)可知，要将staying改为stay。4.只能接不定式或只能接动词ing形式作宾语的固定搭配。如：Lastyear,shedecidedstudyabroad.Inotherwords,wewouldbeseparatedforalongtime.(2010大纲卷II)解析：由decidetodosth.(决定做某事)可知，要在study前加to。5.情感类动词的-ed分词与-ing分词的区别。如：MyfriendNicktoldmeastoryabouthisexperiencebackintheUS,whichwasveryinterested.(2010新课标卷)解析：句中的which代表astoryabouthisexperience，即“他的故事是有趣的”，应当用-ing分词作形容词，因为interested是表示人“感兴趣的”，故将interested改为interesting。6.不定式的被动式中过去分词的拼写错误。如：IfIhavethehonortobechosetoworkforthe29thOlymp