Sentence Combination合句翻译

SentenceCombination合句翻译,SentenceCombinationtheprocessofcombiningtwoormorethantwoshortChineseorEnglishsentencesintoonelongEnglishorChinesesentencesoastomaketheversionacceptableinthetargetlanguage.合句译法在翻译中依照所译入语的表达习惯与需要,将原文的两个或者更多的句子翻译成译语的一个句子。该译法常用于汉译英，因为英语句子一般要比汉语句子长，具有更大的容量。因此，在汉译英时有必要、也有可能把汉语的两个或者更多的句子翻译成一个英语句子。偶尔该译法亦可用于英译汉。,InEnglishandChinese,sentencesarebuiltindifferentways:hypotaxis(形合法)inEnglishandparataxis(意合法)inChinese.Inotherwords,co-ordinateorsubordinateclausesinChinesecompositesentencesareusuallyconnectedbyparataxis,whereasthoseinEnglishcompoundorcomplexsentencesbyparataxis.Parataxisisco-ordinativeorsubordinativerangingofofpropositionsoneafteranotherwithoutotherexpressionoftheirsyntacticrelationwhilehypotaxisistheco-ordinativeorsubordinativearrangementwithsomecorrespondingexpressionofthesyntacticrelationsbetweenthepropositions,asisshownasfollows:,1).Whoeverplayswithfirewillperishbyfire.玩火自焚2).Befriendthosefarawaywhileattackingthosenearby.远交近攻Inaddition,inChinesethereisawideuseofshortorseparatesentencesChroniclestylewhileEnglishischaracterizedbyawideuseoflongorcomplexsentencesArchitecturalstyle.1).门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。Inthedoorwaylayatleasttwelveumbrellasofallsizesandcolors.,2).彩虹有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。Themanycolorsofarainbowrangefromredontheoutsidetovioletontheinside.3).这是一次精心组织的会议。市政大厅里济济一堂，热情洋溢，主持会议的是布莱克先生。ThiswasanintelligentlyorganizedandferventmeetinginapackedTownHall,withMr.Blackinthechair.4).我有个问题弄不懂，想请教你，你能回答吗？CanyouansweraquestionwhichIwanttoaskandwhichispuzzlingme?,CombinationinC-ETranslationA、在主语变换处合译，常出现主从句或分词结构。1)、爱丽斯站在我身边，帮我拿起电报。她的手在微微颤动。Herhandsslightlytrembling,Alicestoodbymysideandhelpedmetopickupthetelegram.2)、它是一所贵族学校。按理说，学生在政治上应该是保守的。Itwasanupperclassinstitutionwhosestudentsnormallyshouldhavebeenpoliticalconservatives.3).对我来说，我的水族箱就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。,TomemyaquariumislikemyownlittlekingdomwhereIamking.4）我觉得这山顶的几簇白房屋就仿佛是中古时代的堡垒，那里面的主人应该是全身裹着铁片的骑士和轻盈婀娜的美人。Thewhitebuildingsonthepeakseemedtomelikemedievalfortswhoseoccupantsshouldallbeknightsinarmororslimalluringbeauties.5）圆月正挂在他对面的天空。银光直射到他的头上。月光就像凉水，把他的头洗得好清爽。（子夜）Infrontofhimhungdirectlythefullmoon,whosesilverybeams,likecoolwater,bathedhisheadrefreshingly.,6).我国人口众多，人均资源有限，资金不足。发展精加工高附加值的产品是今后扩大出口的一个关键。Consideringthelargepopulation,limitedpercapitaresourcesandshortageoffundsinChina,weshouldincreaseexportoffinelyprocessedproductsandofthosewithhighaddedvalue,whichiscentraltofurtherexpansionofexportsinthefuture.7).战士无所畏惧地奋勇前进。他的脚步很坚定。Fightersmarchforwardfearlessly,withfirmsteps.,8).说毕，张道士方退出去。/这里贾母与众人上了楼，在正面楼上归坐。/凤姐等占了东楼。Thereuponthepriestwithrew,whiletheLadyDowagerandherpartywentupstairstositinthemainbalcony,Xifengandhercompanionsoccupyingthattotheeast.9).贾琏见他去了，只得回来瞧凤姐。/谁知凤姐已醒了，听他和鸳鸯借当。AssoonasshehadgoneJiaLianwentintoseeXifeng,whohadwokenupandheardhimaskforaloan.10).邢夫人将方才的话只略说了几句，/贾赦无法，又含愧。WhenLadyXinggaveherhusbandanabbreviatedversionofwhattheLadyDowagerhadsaid,JiaShefeltatalossandbitterlyashamed,too.,B、按内容连贯合译1)、旧历新年快来了。/这是一年中的第一件大事。/除了那些负债过多的人以外，大家都热烈地欢迎这个佳节的到来。ThetraditionalNewYearHolidaywasfastapproaching,thefirstbigeventoftheyear,andeveryone,exceptthosewhoowedheavydebtswhichtraditionallyhadtobepaidoffbeforetheendoftheyearwasenthusiasticallylookingforwardtoit.2)、但是当时日军侵占华北，而内战依然不断。/在全国危机日益加深的情况下，激进主义思潮开始在校园蔓延。Butasthenationalcrisisdeepenedwhenthelong-standingcivilwarmergedwithJapansconquestintheNorth,awaveofradicalismbegantospreadonthecampus.,3)、还是热，心里可镇定多了。/凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们很多希望。（骆驼祥子）Itwasstillhotbuteveryonefeltmuchbetter,forthebreeze,thoughslight,broughtthemhope.4）他的眼睛疲倦地闭着，但是有时又突然大睁开看看岸上的路，看看水面。/没有什么动静。他含糊地哼了一声，又静下去了。（子夜）Hiseyeswereclosedwearily,butonceinawhilehewouldopenthemsuddenlyandstareatthepathalongtheshore,orlookatthewater.Whenhesawthatnothingwasstirring,hewouldmuttersomethingtohimselfandagaindozeoff.,5)、第二天，他又接到了一个电报。/这个电报有板有34个字，报告的是那同样的消息，不过比以期一个电报说得更详细；他的哥哥死了，而且是自己用刀割断喉管死的。（春天的秋天）Thefollowingdayhereceivedanothertelegramconsistingof34ciphers,givingmoredetails:hisbrotherhadcommittedsuicidebycuttinghisownthroat.6).只有吴荪甫的眼睛里却闪出了兴奋的光彩。/和孙吉人尚属初交，真看不出这个细长脖子的小脑袋里倒怀着那样的高瞻远瞩的气魄。However,WuSunfuseyesgleamedwithexcitement,forSunJirenwasacomparativelynewacquaintance,andWuSunfuhadhardlyexpectedthatthismanwithhissmallheadandlongneckwouldturnouttobesofar-sightedandunconventional.,7).仔细地听了听，她没有去生火炉，也没有去收拾房间。/他赶快跳下床来打开一条门缝向外一望院子里冷清清一个人影也没有。Whenhehadlistenedintentlyandmadesurethatshewasnotlightingthefireorcleaningtheroom,/heboundedoutofbed,openedthedooralittle,andpeeredintothecourtyardnoonewasthere.8)、最后两个字是特别用力的。/大家都不懂“这个”是什么。Helaidsepcialstressontheword“this”,butnobodyappearedtounderstandwhathemeant.,C、在关联处合译汉语句子的连接可以是隐性的，也可以是显性的，在汉译英中可用显性的连接手段来合译。1)、我们往往可以从一个人所交往的朋友以及所阅读的书去看他的为人。/因为人与人之间有友谊，同样的，人与书也就有书谊。Amanmayusuallybeknownbythebookshereadsaswellasbythecompanyhekeeps,forthereisacompanionshipofbooksaswellasofmen.2)、阁下如认为该公司信守合同，可以胜任我公司之代理商，则请告知。/我们当不胜感激。Itwouldbemuchappreciatedifyouwouldinformuswhetherthecompanycanbereliedontoabidebyagreementhencequalifiedtobeanagentonourbehalf.,3）过了两年，他又换过学校，却遇见了一个值得感佩的同事。/那同事是个纯朴的人，担任教师有六七年了。Twoyearslaterhechangedtoyetanotherschool,andtherehemetacolleaguewhomhecouldnothelpadmiringandfeelingdrawnto,ashewasasincere,plain-spokenfellowwhohadbeenateacherforsixorsevenyears.4).从前有个俊俏的年轻人，名叫王小，人人都喜欢他；可他总是闷闷不乐。/因为他有一个说话尖刻，唠叨不休的继母。OncetherelivedahandsomeyoungmannamedWangXiaowho,thoughafavoritewitheveryone,wasunhappybecausehehadasharp-tongued,naggingstepmother.,5)、挤到沙滩边，澌啵！-队伍解散，喷着忿怒的白沫。然而后一排有赶着扑上来。（黄昏）Theycrowdedforwardtobreakagainstthebeach.Thentheirtroopscattered,sprayingangrywhitefoam,whilethefilebehindcaughtupandchargedinitsturn.6).事实上，现代诗中的对立，并不是亚洲与欧洲之间的对立。/这种对立，是创新与保守的对立。这两种对立有关系，可是绝不相同。Infact,theantithesisinmodernpoetryhasnotbeenbetweenAsiaandEurope,butbetweeninnovationandconservationarelatedbutbynomeansidenticalpolarity.,7).他的注释可以帮助了解。/因为他的解释非常精炼。他在直接引用别人的诗文时，往往是一种“混杂的作法“。人们可以说他这样做是因为他对原材料没有完全消化。可是并非如此。他开拓的正是传统抒情诗所没有开拓的地方。他摈弃容易的“解释”，宁取既明确又细致的定义。Hisnotesarealothelptounderstanding,sincehismeaningiscondensed,andsinceheoftenfollowsa“hybridmethodofcomposition”inquotingdirectlyfromhissources.Itmightbearguedthatsuchamethodshowsthathehasnotfullyassimilatedhismaterial.Yetthisisnotso;rather,hebeginswheretheconventionallyricleavesoff,rejectinganeasy“meaning”infavorofdefinitionsthatareatoncemorepreciseandmoresubtle.,8).在1300年前，已经发明了刻版印刷。在800年前又发明了活字印刷。Block-printingwasinvented1300years,andmovabletype800yearsago.9)她说道：“有个哥哥该多好啊。”这话说得入情入理，她没爹没娘，又没有亲友，真是孤苦伶仃。软心肠的阿米莉亚听了，立刻觉得她可怜。Shesaid,withperfecttruth,that“itmustbedelightfultohaveabrother,”andeasilygotthepityoftender-heartedAmelia,forbeingaloneintheworld,anorphanwithoutfriendsorkindred.(VanityFair),10).一般情感主义者喜欢用大字眼，称之为对于理想爱情的渴望。换言之，他们认为女人的情感平时只能零星发泄，必须等有了丈夫和孩子，情感收藏起来有了归宿，自己才能得到满足。Itwaswhatsentimentalists,whodealinverybigwords,callayearningaftertheideal,andsimplymeansthatwomenarenotsatisfieduntiltheyhavehusbandsandchildrenonwhomtheymaycentreaffections,whicharespentelsewhere,asitwere,insmallchange.(W.Thackeray:VanityFair),2.CombinationinE-CTranslationCombinesimplesentencesintoacompoundorcomplexsentence.1).Theyoungmanwasratherupset.Hefailedinthecontest.Helostthechancetogoabroad.这个年轻人很沮丧，因为他竞赛输了，没机会出国了。2)、Thatnight,thegeneralmanagerofthecorporationhadalongtalkwithXiaoZhang.XiaoZhangwastobetheheadofabranchinBrazilthenextmonth.那晚,公司的总经理与小张谈了很久，因为小张将于下月出任巴西分公司的负责人。,3).Myfatherisofmiddleheight.Heisstoutandstrong,withaseverelookonhisfaceandwithkeenexpressiveeyes.我的父亲中等身材，长得结实强壮，有一副挺严肃的神情和一双锐利而富于表情的眼睛。4).Nobodygrowsoldmerelybyanumberofyears.Wegrowoldbydesertingourideals.没有人仅仅因为岁月的流逝而变得衰老，只有放弃理想才日益衰老起来。5).FromthereIcouldseethewholevalleybelow,thefields,theriverandthevillage.Itwasallverybeautiful,andthesightofitfilledmewithlonging.从这里望下去，整个山谷一览无遗，只见那田野、河流、村庄，全都美不胜收，真叫我心驰神往。,6).Sheisverybusyinthefirm.Shehastoreceivevisitorsandmakearrangementsforhermanager.Shehastodosomeotherofficework,too.她在公司里很忙，既要接待来访者又要为经理做好种种事务的安排，还要兼做其它一些办公室工作。7).Darknessfell.Anexplosionshooktheearth.Itdidnotshakeoffhiswilltogotothefront.夜幕降临时，一声爆炸震动了大地，可并没有动摇他上前线的决心。8).Shesufferedmuchinthecatastrophe.Agreatmajorityofherpropertywaslostandherhusbandwasbadlyinjured.Shedidnotfeeldiscouragedandfaceduptotherealitydoggedly.,B.Combinecomplexsentencesintoasimplesentence.1).WhenyouapplyforgraduatedegreecoursesinOxford,youshouldcontactUniversityofOxforddirectly.申请牛津大学的研究生学位课程需要直接与学校联系。2).Whenshewasinthe11thgrade,hisoldestdaughterbecameamemberoftheNationalHonourSociety.她的大女儿在读11年级（高中二年级）时就成了“全国优秀生协会”的会员。3).HisfirstrecollectionofthemagicshecouldbringtoValentinesDaycamewhenhewassix.他对情人节的最初印象是他在六岁时她带给他的惊喜。,C.CombinetwoE.complexsentencesintooneC.complexsentence.1).Whenoneisawake,hecannotfixhiseyesorattentionconstantlyonasingleobject.Hemustblink,ifnothingelse.一个人清醒时不可能老是盯着或注视某一物体，他至少会眨巴眨巴眼睛。2).IneverthoughtthatIwouldeatafoodthatdidnotagreewithme.NowImeetitwheneverIhaveameal.我从来没想到会吃不对我胃口的食物，现在我每次吃饭都遇到讨厌的食物。,3).Iamconvincedthatwhatwedotochildren,theywilldototheworld.Itisimportantthatwekeepthisconstantlyinourminds.我相信我们对孩子们所做之事，他们以后会交还给这个世界，时常记住这一点是很重要的。4).WhenTomranoutofcanvas,hewrotetohistwobrothersandaskedthemtosendmore.Hereceivedinsteadatough,browncottonclothwhichwasmadeinNimes,France汤姆用完了帆布，便写信要他的两个兄弟再寄一些来，不料收到的却是法国尼姆产的一种坚韧的棕色棉布,DrillA.Improvethefollowingversions1).两个男人穿着深灰色的衣服，第三个穿着宝蓝色袍子。她走到柳林后，就让其中一个深灰色衣服的人坐在上席。这个人留着胡子，是个白面书生。Twoweredressedindarkgrey,andthethirdinabluegown.Whenshereachedthewillows,sheaskedoneofthemingreytotaketheseatofhonor.Hewasapale-facedscholarwithabeard.2).三个人缓步而行。他们都有四、五十岁的样子，每个人摇着一把白纸扇。Therecamethreemen.Theyadvancedslowly.Allofthemwerefortytofiftyyearsoldandeachofthemcarriedawhitepaperfanwiththem.,3).张三有很大的野心，这种野心使他想登上国王的宝座，巫婆们也预言他的野心是会实现的。当时的国王是李成。于是，就在他妻子的纵容下把国王杀了，这样他就成了新的国王。ZhangSanwasveryambitious.Thisledhimtowishtobecometheking.Thewitchestoldhimthatthiswishofhiswouldcometrue.ThekingatthattimewasLiCheng.Encouragedbyhiswife,ZhangSanmurderedLICheng.HewasthusenabledtosucceedLIChengasking.4).树枝上都像水洗过一番似的，尤其绿得可爱。湖中有十来枝荷花。荷花上清水滴滴，荷叶上水珠滚来滚去。Thetreeswerefreshlywashedbytherain.Theywerealoveliergreenthanever.Thereweresometenlotusbudsinthelake,andcrystaldropsweredrippingfromthem.Thenthedropsrolledabouttheleaves.,Dr