现在完成时态

语法课堂,现在完成时态,现在完成时态,现在完成时态的定义,现在完成时态的结构,现在完成时态的用法,延续性动词与短暂性动词,现在完成时Vs一般过去时,春天还会远吗?canSpringbefarbehind?,冬天已经来了,Ifwinterhascome,现在完成时态,Winterhascome.,present(now),future,past,一、现在完成时的定义,现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者过去的动作/状态对现在造成的影响或结果。,eg:WehavelearntEnglishsince2008.,WehavelearntEnglishsince2008.Winterhascome.,二、现在完成时的结构,主语,助动词have/has,+,动词的过去分词（done）,+,+,其它,1、基本结构：have/hasdone,IhaveheardfromJane.(变为否定句)IhaventheardfromJane.Hehascomeback.(变为否定句)Hehasntcomeback.,二、现在完成时的结构,2、否定结构：have/hasntdone,Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.变为一般疑问句。HasMarybeenillforthreedays?Yes,shehas.Theyhavelivedheresincetheywereborn.变为一般疑问句。Havetheylivedheresincetheywereborn?No,theyhavent.,二、现在完成时的结构,3、一般疑问句结构：Have/Hasdone?,Hehasdonehishomeworkfor3hours.对划线部分进行提问。Howlonghashedonehishomework?,二、现在完成时的结构,4、特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？,注意：,规则动词的过去分词：（1）绝大多数规则动词+ed（2）以字母e结尾的规则动词直接+d（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的规则动词改y为i+ed（4）重读闭音节,以“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母（w和y除外）”结尾的规则动词,双写结尾字母+ed,动词过去分词的构成,不规则动词的过去分词：,动词过去分词的构成,AAA,ABB,ABC,写出下列动词的过去式及过去分词1become_-_2break_-_3bring_-_4build_-_5bite_-_6catch_-_7choose_-_8cut_-_9fall_-_10fly_-_11forget_-_12grow_-_,13hit_-_14hurt_-_15keep_-_16lend_-_17lose_-_18meet_-_19put_-_20read_-_21ring_-_,becamebecome,brokebroken,broughtbrought,builtbuilt,bitbit,caughtcaught,chosechosen,cutcut,fellfallen,flewflown,forgotforgotten,grewgrown,hithit,hurthurt,keptkept,lentlent,lostlost,metmet,putput,readread,rangrung,Thehouseisdirty.We_itforweeks.AdidntcleanBhadntcleanedCdontcleanDhaventcleaned2.-_thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldependsontheweather.AIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItold3.-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall.I_hereonlyafewminutes.AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe4.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_herseveraltimes.A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet5.-WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?-I_togo,butIdontknowifIcango.AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning,二、现在完成时的结构总结,基本结构,否定结构,一般疑问句结构,特殊疑问句结构,三、现在完成时态的用法,1、过去经历,John,cleanyourteethplease.,Mum,Ihavealreadycleanedthem.,动作发生在过去，结束在过去，对现在造成了影响。,Wehaveseenthefilm.我们看过那部电影了。（意为已知道电影内容或者不需要再次观看了）Lilyhasturnedoffthelight.丽丽（已经）把灯关上了。（意为现在房间是黑的了）,例如：,三、现在完成时态的用法,-：Oh,boy,youlooksotired.-:Yes,Ihavesomanyhomework.Ihaveworkedonitfor3hours.However,thehomeworkisntdone.,2、过去持续,动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，可能还会持续下去。常与表示时间段的状语连用。,Theyhavelivedheresince1989.他们自从1989年以来就住在这儿。Ihavebeenamiddleschoolstudentforover2years.我做两年初中生了。,例如：,三、现在完成时态的用法,例如：HehasbeentoCanadathreetimes.他去过加拿大三次。Samhasbeenlateforclasseverymorningthisweek.这个星期山姆每个早晨都迟到。,3、发生次数,从过去到现在某动作重复发生的次数。,三、现在完成时态的用法,可在现在完成时中使用的时间/程度状语有：already,yet,for,since,recently,inthepastfewyears,recently,just,tillnow,sofar等,4、现在完成时中出现的标志词：,三、现在完成时态的用法,可在现在完成时中使用的时间/程度状语有：already,yetalready用于肯定句中，用于句中。eg:Wevealreadyhadtheexam.yet用于否定句或疑问句之中，用于句末。eg:Haveyougotityet？Ihaventhadmycarrepairedyet.,4、现在完成时中出现的标志词：,Hehasbeeninthearmysincehewas18.,Hehasbeeninthearmysince5yearsago.,Hehasbeeninthearmysince2011.,三、现在完成时态的用法,可在现在完成时中使用的时间/程度状语有：for,sincefor+时间段eg:Hehasbeeninthearmyforfiveyears.since+时间段+ago从句（通常为一般过去时态）,4、现在完成时中出现的标志词：,过去的时间点,1.Wehaventseeneachother_alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty_10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon_20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere_hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead_severalyears.6.Itsfiveyears_wemetlasttime.,for,since,for,since,for,since,选用for和since填空:,三、现在完成时态的用法总结,Hehasbeeninthearmyforfiveyears.当现在完成时态中出现表示一段时间的时间状语时，要用延续性动词。becomebe,beginhave,borrowkeep,buyhave,come(go,arrive,get)behere/there/in，diebedead,finishbeover,joinbein（beamemberof）leavebeaway(from),四、延续性动词与短暂性动词,Hedied10yearsago.-He_for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-He_thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-He_themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.-He_heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.-Thelight_for2hours.,之间的转化延续性动词和瞬间性动词,四、延续性动词与短暂性动词习题,Hedied10yearsago.-Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.-Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago.-Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.,之间的转化延续性动词和瞬间性动词,四、延续性动词与短暂性动词习题,现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果、影响,一直延续到现在等）。eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典（过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典。）一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。（只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。）,五、现在完成时Vs一般过去时,1、含义不同,now,future,一般过去时,现在完成时,常与一般过去时连用的典型的时间状语:yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(刚才)，时间+ago,last+时间等常与现在完成时连用的时间状语:for,since,recently,inthepastfewyears,recently,just,tillnow,sofar等,五、现在完成时Vs一般过去时,2、时间状语不同,动词填空：1._you_(clean)theroom?Yes,we_(do)thatalready.When_you_(do)it?We_(do)itanhourago.2._he_(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_he_(see)it?He_itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_you_(be)there?,Have,cleaned,havedone,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,4.I_(read)thenoveltwice.Itsinteresting.5.She_(go)toPairs,hasntshe?Yes.How_she_(go)the