附录二物理化学实验中常用数据表.doc

.附录二 物理化学实验中常用数据表表1 国际原子量表原子序数名称符号原子量原子序数名称符号原子量12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637氢氦锂铍硼碳氮氧氟氖钠镁铝硅磷硫氯氩钾钙钪钛钒铬锰铁钴镍铜锌镓锗砷硒溴氪铷HHeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKrRb1.00794.002606.9419.0121810.8112.01114.006715.999418.9984020.17922.9897724.30526.9815428.085530.9737632.0635.45339.94839.09840.0844.955947.9050.941551.99654.938055.84758.933258.7063.54665.3869.7272.5974.921678.9679.90483.8085.467838394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768697071727374锶钇锆铌钼锝钌铑钯银镉铟锡锑碲碘氙铯钡镧铈镨钕钷钐铕钆铽镝钬铒铥镱镥铪钽钨SrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXeCsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaW87.6288.905991.2292.906495.949799101.07102.9055106.4107.868112.41114.82118.69121.75127.60126.9045131.30132.9054137.33138.9055140.12140.9077144.24145150.4151.96157.25158.9254162.50164.9304167.26168.9342173.04174.967178.49180.9479183.85原子序数名称符号原子量原子序数名称符号原子量75767778798081828384858687888990铼锇铱铂金汞铊铅铋钋砹氡钫镭锕钍ReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRnFrRaAcTh186.207190.2192.22195.09196.9665200.59204.37207.2208.9804210209210222223226.0254227.0278232.0381919293949596979899100101102103104105106107镤铀镎钚镅锔锫锎锿镄钔锘铹PaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrUnqUnpUnh231.0359238.029237.0482239244243247247251254257258259260261262263261表2 国际单位制的基本单位量单位名称单位符号长 度质 量时 间电 流热力学温度物 质 的 量光 强 度米千克（公斤）秒安培开尔文摩尔坎德拉MKgsAKmoled 牛顿，N千克力，kgf达因，dyn10.1021059.8066519.8066510510-51.0210-61表3 力单位换算表4 压力单位换算帕斯卡Pa工程大气压kgf/cm2毫米水柱mmH2O标准大气压atm毫米汞柱mmHg1980679.807101325133.321.0210-510.00011.0330.000360.10210411033213.60.9910-50.96780.967810-410.001320.0075735.60.073676011Pa=1Nm-2，1工程大气压=1kgf/cm21mmHg=1Torr，标准大气压即物理大气压1bar=105 Nm-2表5 能量单位换算尔格erg焦耳J千克力米kgfm千瓦小时kwh千卡kcal(国际蒸汽表卡)升大气压Latm11079.80710736101241.871091.01310910-719.8073.61064186.8101.30.10210-70.1021367.1103426.93510.3327.7810-15277.810-92.72410-611.16310-32.81410-523.910-1223910-62.34210-3859.84510.0242189.86910-109.86910-39.67910-23.55310441.2911erg=1dyncm，1J=1Nm=1Ws，1eV=1.60210-19J1国际蒸汽表卡=1.00067热化学卡表6 国际单位制中具有专用名称导出单位 量的名称 单位名称单位符号其他表示式例频率 力压力、应力能、功、热量电量、电荷功率电位、电压、电动势电容电阻电导磁通量磁感应强度电感摄氏温度赫兹牛顿帕斯卡焦耳库仑瓦特伏特法拉欧姆西门子韦伯特斯拉亨利摄氏度HzNPaJCWVFSWbTHCs-1kgm/s2N/m2NmAsJ/sW/AC/VV/AA/VVsWb/m2Wb/A表7 用于构成十进倍数和分数单位的词头倍数词头名称词头符号分数词头名称词头符号101810151012109106103102101艾可萨(exa)拍它(peta)太拉(tera)吉咖(giga)兆(mega)千(kilo)百(hecto)十(deca)EPTGMkhda10-110-210-310-610-910-1210-1510-18分(deci)厘(centi)毫(milli)微(micro)纳诺(nano)皮可(pico)飞母托(femto)阿托(atto)dcmnpfa表8 不同温度下水的饱和蒸汽压t/0.00.20.40.60.8mmHgkPammHgkPammHgkPammHgkPammHgkPa0123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404.5794.9265.2945.6856.1016.5437.0137.5138.0458.6099.2099.84410.51811.23111.98712.78813.63414.53015.47716.47717.53518.65019.82721.06822.37723.75625.20926.73928.34930.04331.82433.69535.66337.72939.89842.17544.56347.06749.69252.44255.3240.61050.65670.70580.75790.81340.87230.93501.00171.07261.14781.22781.31241.40231.49731.59811.70491.81771.93722.06342.19672.33782.48652.64342.80882.98333.16723.36093.56493.77954.00544.24284.49234.75475.03015.31935.62295.94126.27516.62506.99177.37594.6474.9985.3705.7666.1876.6357.1117.6178.1558.7279.3339.97610.65811.37912.14412.95313.80914.71515.67316.68517.75318.88020.07021.34222.64824.03925.50927.05528.68030.39232.19134.08236.06838.15540.34442.64445.05447.58250.23153.00955.910.61950.66630.71590.76870.82490.88460.94811.01551.08721.16351.24431.33001.42101.51711.61911.72691.84101.96182.08962.22452.36692.51712.67582.84303.01953.20493.40093.60703.82374.05194.29184.54394.80875.08695.37875.68546.00876.34376.69697.06737.4514.7155.0705.4475.8486.2746.7287.2097.7228.2678.8459.45810.10910.79911.52812.30213.12113.98714.90315.87116.89417.97419.11320.31621.58322.92224.32625.81227.37429.01530.74532.56134.47136.47738.58440.79643.11745.54948.10250.77453.58056.510.62860.67590.72620.77970.83650.89700.96111.02951.10221.17921.26101.34781.43971.53701.64011.74931.86481.98692.11602.25232.39632.54822.70682.87753.05603.24323.44133.64963.86834.09904.34114.59574.86325.14415.43905.74846.07276.41306.76937.14347.5344.7855.1445.5255.9316.3636.8227.3097.8288.3808.9659.58510.24410.94111.68012.46213.29014.16615.09216.07117.10518.19719.34920.56521.84523.19824.61726.11727.69629.35431.10232.93434.86436.89139.01841.25143.59546.05048.62751.32354.15657.110.63790.68580.73660.79070.84830.90950.97451.04361.11721.19521.27791.36581.45271.55721.66151.77181.88862.01212.14262.28052.42612.57962.74182.91243.09283.28203.48203.69253.91354.14664.39084.64814.91845.20205.49975.81226.13956.48306.84257.22027.6144.8555.2195.6056.0156.4536.9177.4117.9368.4949.0869.71410.38011.08511.83312.62413.46114.34715.28416.27217.31918.42219.58720.81522.11023.47624.91226.42628.02129.69731.46133.31235.26137.30839.45741.71044.07846.55649.15751.87954.73757.720.64730.69580.74730.80190.86030.92220.98801.05801.13241.21141.29511.38391.47791.57761.68311.79461.91282.03772.16942.30902.45612.61142.77512.94783.12993.32133.52323.73583.95934.19444.44124.70114.97405.26055.56095.87666.20696.55376.91667.29767.695表9 不同温度下水的表面张力t/10-3Nm-1t/10-3Nm-105101112131415161718192075.6474.9274.2274.0773.9373.7873.6473.4973.3473.1973.0572.9072.752122232425262728293035404572.5972.4472.2872.1371.9771.8271.6671.5071.3571.1870.3869.5668.74表10 甘汞电极的电极电势与温度的关系甘汞电极*/VSCENCE0.1NCE0.2412-6.6110-4(t-25)-1.7510-6(t-25)2-910-10(t-25)30.2801-2.7510-4(t-25)-2.5010-6(t-25)2-410-9(t-25)30.3337-8.7510-5(t-25)-310-6(t-25)2* SCE为饱和甘汞电极；NCE为标准甘汞电极；0.1NCE为0.1molL-1甘汞电极表11 常用参比电极地势及温度系数名称体系E/V*(dE/dT)/mVK-1氢电极饱和甘汞电极标准甘汞电极甘汞电极银-氯化银电极氧化汞电极硫酸亚汞电极硫酸铜电极Pt，H2|H+(aH+=1)Hg，Hg2Cl2|饱和KClHg，Hg2Cl2|1molL-1KClHg，Hg2Cl2|0.1molL-1KClAg，AgCl|0.1molL-1KClHg，HgO|0.1molL-1KOHHg，Hg2SO4|1molL-1H2SO4Cu|饱和CuSO40.00000.24150.28000.33370.2900.1650.67580.316-0.761-0.275-0.875-0.3-0.7* 25；相对于标准氢电极(NCE)表12 水的粘度（厘泊）t/01234567890102030401.7871.3071.0020.79750.65291.7281.2710.97790.78080.64081.6711.2350.95480.76470.62911.6181.2020.93250.74910.61781.5671.1690.91110.73400.60671.5191.1390.89040.71940.59601.4721.1090.87050.70520.58561.4281.0810.85130.69150.57551.3861.0530.83270.67830.56561.3461.0270.81480.66540.55611厘泊=10-3Ns/m2表13 KCl溶液的电导率*t/c/molL-11.000*0.10000.02000.010005101516171819202122232425262728293035360.065410.074140.083190.092520.094410.096310.098220.100140.102070.104000.105940.107890.109840.111800.113770.115740.007150.008220.009330.010480.010720.010950.011190.011430.011670.011910.012150.012390.012640.012880.013130.013370.013620.013870.014120.015390.015640.0015210.0017520.0019940.0022430.0022940.0023450.0023970.0024490.0025010.0025530.0026060.0026590.0027120.0027650.0028190.0028730.0029270.0029810.0030360.0033120.0033680.0007760.0008960.0010200.0011470.0011730.0011990.0012250.0012510.0012780.0013050.0013320.0013590.0013860.0014130.0014410.0014680.0014960.0015240.001552* 电导率单位Scm-1* 在空气中称取74.56gKCl，溶于18水中，稀释到1L，其浓度为1.000molL-1（密度1.0449gcm-3），再稀释得其他浓度溶液。表14 不同温度下水和乙醇的折射率*t/纯 水99.8%乙醇t/纯 水99.8%乙醇14151618202224262830321.333481.333411.333331.333171.332991.332811.332621.332411.332191.331921.331641.362101.361291.360481.359671.358851.358031.357211.356391.3555734363840424446485052541.331361.331071.330791.330511.330231.329921.329591.329271.328941.328601.328271.354741.353901.353061.352221.351381.350541.349691.348851.348001.347151.34629* 相对于空气；钠光波长589.3nm。表15 一些液体的蒸汽压表中所列各化合物的蒸汽压可用下列方程式计算 lg p=A-B/(C+t)式中A、B、C为三常数；p为化合物的蒸汽压（mmHg柱）；t为摄氏温度。化 合 物25时蒸汽压温度范围/ABC丙酮 C3H6O苯 C6H6溴 Br2甲醇 CH4O甲苯 C7H8醋酸 C2H4O2氯仿 CHCl3四氯化碳 CCl4乙酸乙酯 C4H8O2乙醇 C2H6O乙醚 C4H10O乙酸甲酯 C3H6O2环己烷 C6H12230.0595.18226.32126.4028.4515.59227.72115.2594.2956.31534.31213.43-20至1400至3636至170-30至150-20至150-20至1427.024476.905656.832987.878636.954647.803077.188076.903286.933907.098088.044946.785747.202116.844981161.01211.0331133.01473.111344.801651.21416.71163.031242.431238.711554.3994.1951232.831203.526224220.790228.0230.0219.482225211227.4230.0217.0222.65220.0228.0222.86表16 铂铑-铂热电偶（分度号LB-3）热电势与温度换算表*t/0102030405060708090热 电 势 / mV010020030040050060070080090010001100120013001400150016000.0000.6431.4362.3153.2504.2205.2226.2567.3228.4219.55610.72311.91513.11614.31315.50416.6880.0500.7171.5212.4073.3464.3185.3246.3617.4308.5349.67110.84212.03513.23614.43315.6230.1130.7921.6072.4983.4414.4185.4276.4667.5398.6469.78710.96112.15513.35614.55215.7420.1730.8691.6932.5913.5384.5175.5306.5727.6488.7589.90211.08012.27513.47514.67115.8600.2350.9461.7802.6843.6344.6175.6336.6777.7578.87110.01911.19812.39513.59514.79015.9790.2991.0251.8672.7773.7314.7175.7356.7847.8678.98510.13611.31712.51513.71514.91016.0970.3641.1061.9552.8713.8284.8175.8396.8917.9789.09810.25211.43712.63613.83515.02916.2160.4311.1872.0442.9653.9254.9185.9436.9998.0889.21210.37011.55612.75613.95515.14816.3340.5001.2692.1343.0604.0235.0196.0467.1058.1999.32610.48811.67612.87514.07415.26616.4510.5711.3522.2243.1554.1215.1216.1517.2138.3109.44110.60511.79512.99614.19315.88516.569* 参考端为0表17 铂铑10-铂热电偶分度表（分度号：LB-3）工作端温度0123456789毫 伏（绝对伏）01020304050607080900.0000.0560.1130.1730.2350.2990.3640.4310.5000.5710.0050.0610.1190.1790.2410.3050.3710.4380.5070.5780.0110.0670.1250.1850.2470.3120.3770.4450.5140.5850.0160.0730.1310.1910.2540.3180.3840.4520.5210.5930.0220.0780.1370.1980.2600.3250.3910.4590.5280.6000.0280.0840.1430.2040.2660.3310.3970.4660.5350.6070.0330.0900.1490.2100.2730.3380.4040.4730.5430.6140.0390.0960.1550.2160.2790.3440.4110.4790.5500.6210.0440.1020.1610.2220.2860.3510.4180.4860.5570.6290.0500.1070.1670.2290.2920.3570.4250.4930.5640.6361001101201301401501601701801900.6430.7170.7920.8690.9461.0251.1061.1871.2691.3520.6510.7240.8000.8760.9541.0331.1141.1951.2771.3610.6580.7320.8070.8840.9621.0411.1221.2031.2861.3690.6650.7390.8150.8920.9701.0491.1301.2111.2941.3770.6730.7470.8230.9000.9781.0571.1381.2201.3021.3860.6800.7540.8300.9070.9861.0651.1461.2281.3111.3940.6870.7620.8380.9150.9941.0731.1541.2361.3191.4030.6940.7690.8450.9231.0021.0811.1621.2441.3271.4110.7020.7770.8530.9311.0091.0891.1701.2531.3361.4190.7090.7840.8610.9391.0171.0971.1791.2611.3441.4282002102202302402502602702802901.4361.5211.6071.6931.7801.8671.9552.0442.1342.2241.4451.5301.6151.7021.7881.8761.9642.0532.1432.2331.4531.5381.6241.7101.7971.8841.9732.0622.1522.2421.4621.5471.6331.7191.8051.8931.9822.0712.1612.2511.4701.5551.6411.7281.8141.9021.9912.0802.1702.2601.4791.5641.6501.7361.8231.9112.0002.0892.1792.2701.4871.5731.6591.7451.8321.9202.0082.0982.1882.2791.4961.5811.6671.7541.8401.9292.0172.1072.1972.2881.5041.5901.6761.7631.8491.9372.0262.1162.2062.2971.5131.5981.6851.7711.8581.9462.0352.1252.2152.3063003103203303403503603703803902.3152.4072.4982.5912.6842.7772.8712.9653.0603.1552.3242.4162.5082.6002.6932.7872.8802.9753.0693.1642.3332.4252.5172.6092.7032.7962.8902.9843.0793.1742.3422.4342.5262.6192.7122.8052.8992.9943.0883.1832.3522.4432.5352.6282.7212.8152.9093.0033.0983.1932.3612.4522.5452.6372.7302.8242.9183.0133.1073.2022.3702.4622.5542.6472.7402.8332.9283.0223.1173.2122.3792.4712.5632.6562.7492.8432.9373.0313.1263.2212.3882.4802.5722.6652.7592.8522.9463.0413.1363.2312.3972.4892.5822.6752.7682.8622.9563.0503.1453.240t/0102030405060708090热 电 势 / mV0100200300400500600700800900100