八年级英语下册《Unit1PastandPresentGrammar》课件（新版）牛津版.pptx

Grammar,Unit18B,现在完成时Presentperfecttense,Structure：have/has+v过去分词(p.p),havebreakfast,Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.,Imnothungrynow,pastparticiple,Task1:现在完成时的用法,1.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthathappenedinthepastandhasaconnectionwiththepresent.(一、表示动作发生在过去并与现在有联系。),wrotesomewordsontheBb,ThewordsareontheBb,Now,Past,(Ihavewrittensomewordsontheblackboardalready.),Haveatry:“already”or“yet”1.Hehas_visitedmanyplacesinChina.2.Lilyhashadbreakfast_.3.Hasshearrived_?4.Thetrainhasntarrived_.,already,already,yet,yet,注意already在句中的两种位置.Noticetheword“already”inthetwosentences,1.Hehas_visitedmanyplacesinJapan.2.Thetrainhasntarrived_.3.Hastheplanearrived_?4.Hasnthecomeback_?,上一页,下一页,Tips,already是“已经”之意，用在_中。yet用在_中，在否定句中有“还”之意。,already,yet,yet,yet,肯定句(positivesentence),疑问句和否定句(generalquestionsandnegatives),现在完成时的用法(二),IhavebeenateachersinceIleftmycollege(大学).,Ibecameateacher.,Iamstillateacher.,Now,Past,Future,Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.(表示过去已经开始持续到现在或将来的动作或状态。),Ihavebeenateacherforabout20years.,movedherein2008,Istilllivehere,Ihavelivedherefor9years.,Ihavelivedheresince2008/9yearsago.,IhavelivedheresinceImovedherein2008.,常用延续性动词(Itisoftenusedforcontinuousverbs.),Lookandsay.,Thepig;swim;threehours,Thepighasswumforthreehours.Thepighasswumsincethreehoursago.,Lookandsay.,Jack;playcomputergames;2days,Jackhasplayedcomputergamesfor2days.,对划线部分提问(Questiontheunderlinedpart),Jackhasplayedcomputergamessince2daysago.,HowlonghasJackplayedcomputergames?,since和for:,EddiehaslivedwithMilliesince2011.EddiehaslivedwithMilliesince6yearsago.EddiehaslivedwithMilliesincehewasborn.,1)Rules:since+时间点（词、词组或句子）,EddiehaslivedwithMillieforfouryears.,2)rules:for+时间段,3)对以上句子划线部分提问:,HowlonghasEddielivedwithMillie?,timepoint,periodoftime,Doyoureallyunderstand?,用since或for填空：1.Ihavebeenatthisschool_morethantwoyears.2.Shehasworkedinthefactory_tenyearsago.3.Mr.Greenhaslivedinthecity_heleftcollege.4.ShehaslearnedEnglish_1999.,for,since,since,since,Wealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkabouthowmanytimesanactionhashappenedtillnow.表示某事直到现在已经发生了多次.,IhavewatchedtheTVplaymanytimes.,现在完成时用法(三),Weoftenuse:ever曾经(疑问句，have/has后)你读过这本书吗？Haveyoueverreadthisbook?never从来没有(否定,have/has后)我从没看过这部电影。Ihaveneverwatchedthisfilm.,“ever”or“never”?,Haveyou_seenthefilm?No.Ihave_seenit.,ever,never,选择never,ever填空。,Keywords,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,already,recently,rememberthem!,（1）already“已经”，放在肯定句句中或句末；（2）yet放在疑问句句尾时，表示“已经”；放在否定句句尾时，表示“还(没，不)”,常用的时间状语区别Thedifferencesbetweentheusualtemporaladverbials,（3）ever“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中；（4）never“从来没有”，表示否定句中。,（5）just“刚刚”，用于陈述句中；（6）recently“近来”，用于句末。,Ihave_comebackfromthesupermarket.(for,just,since)Ihave_beentoChengdu.(for,never,yet)Hehasworkedthere_heleftschool.(already,just,since)HehasknownSam_nineyears.(for,never,since)Haveyou_riddenahorse?(ever,for,yet),Haveyoureallyunderstood?Completethesentenceswithcorrectwords._,Task2:ThePresentPerfectTense(现在完成时态),基本结构(Basicstructure):have/has+P.P(pastparticiple),We_(live)inJingshasincewewereborn.,for14years.,havelived,We_(study)heresince2015.,for2years.,havestudied,肯定式(positiveform):have/has+p.p,notchangealot,Letshaveatry,thestudents,Thestudents_alot.,haventchanged,=havenot,否定形式：negativeform,Letspractise,Lucyhasfinishedherhomework.(否定句),Lucy_finishedherhomework.,has,not,=hasnt,Workouttherule,Howtomakenegativesentences(如何变否定句)？,只需要在_后加上_即可。,have或has,not,havenot=haventhasnot=hasnt,?,IhavewatchedtheTVplaymanytimes.,HaveyouwatchedtheTVplaymanytimes?,Yes,Ihave.,No,Ihavent.,一般疑问句(generalquention),Weaskandanswerquestionsinthepresentperfecttenselikethis:,Letspractise,Wehavecleanedtheclassroom.(一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答),_you_theclassroom？Yes,_.No,_.,Have,cleaned,we,have,we,havent.,Letspractise,Lucyhasfinishedherhomework.(一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答),_Lucy_herhomework？Yes,_.No,_.,Has,finished,she,has,she,hasnt.,ThePresentPerfectTense(现在完成时),一般疑问式:,将have/has提前到句首,Workouttherule!,回答:,肯定：否定：,Yes,have/has.,No,havent/hasnt.,如何变一般疑问句？,只需把_提到_,其余_即可。注意：第_人称变第_人称。,have或has,句首,照抄,一,二,Letstry!,1.Shehasalreadycleanedthekitchen.(改为否定句)She_cleanedthekitchen_.2.TheyhavevisitedsomeinterestingplacesinChina.(一般疑问句)_they_interestingplacesinChina?3.Thepoordoghasdied.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）_thepoordog_?-No,it_.4.IhaveeverbeentotheGreatWall.(改为否定句)I_beentotheGreatWall.5.Theyhavestudiedheresincetheymovedtothecity.(对划线部分提问)_they_here?,hasntyet,Havevisitedany,Hasdiedhasnt,havenever,Howlonghavestudied,Task3:动词的过去分词的构成Theconstituentofthepastparticiple,过去分词（P.P.）,lovelike,Regularverbs:过去式和过去分词的构成:,visitrepairwatch,visitedvisitedrepairedrepairedwatchedwatched,lovedlovedlikedliked,verbed(directlyadd“ed”),以不发音的e结尾d(withunpronounceable“e”,add“d”),mopplan,moppedmoppedplannedplanned,注:以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母ed(Astressed,clousedsyllabewithaconsonant,doublewritethelastconsonantletterandadd”ed”,双写ed(doublewrite“ed”,studyhurry,studiedstudiedhurriedhurried,去yied,注:以辅音字母加y结尾的词,去yied.(Endwiththeconsonantletterplus“y”,goto“y”,add:ied”,ABB,AAA,ABC,ABA,Irregularverbs:过去式和过去分词的构成:,Letmetestyourmemory!,写出下列动词的过去分词,live,finish,try,plan,hit,meet,put,catch,Chattime(p14):,Millie:(1)_you_(see)anyfilmsrecently,Sandy?Sandy:No,Ihavent.Whataboutyou?Millie:I(2)_(see)onelastSaturday.Sandy:Whatsitabout?Millie:ItsaboutthechangesinBeijingoverthepastcentury.Fromthefilm,I(3)_(learn)moreaboutBeijingspastandpresent.Sandy:Oh,IthinkI(4)_(hear)aboutthefilm.DoyouplantoseeitagainMillie:Yes,Idliketo,Haveseen,saw,havelearnt,haveheard,Completethefollowingsentenceswiththepresentperfecttense：,1.They_(finish)theirhomeworkalready.2.John_never_(visit)China.3.MrLi_(repair)overtenbicyclessinceMonday.4.We_(notsee)eachotherforyears.5.Myparents_(notcome)backyet.6.Ourteacher_(teach)usalotaboutthehistoryofChinarecently(最近，近来).,havefinished,hasvisited,hasrepaired,haventseen,haventcome,hastaught,Task4:现在完成时的时间状语(Temporaladverbialsinthepresentperfecttense),BasicStructure,Themainusage,Temporaladverbials,TheconstituentofP.P,Summary:ThePresentPerfectTense,一、表示动作发生在过去并与现在有联系或影响eg.Ivejustfinishedmywork.二、表示过去已经开始持续到现在或将来的动作或状态eg.Hesworkedhereforabouttenyears.sincetenyearsago.sincehecamehere.三、表示某事直到现在已经发生了多次eg.WevevisitedBeijingseveraltimes.,现在完成时的主要用法(themainusage),陈述句:主语+have/has+P.P+其他否定句:主语+have/has+not+P.P+其他一般疑问句及肯否定回答:Have/Has+主语+P.P+其他特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+P.P+其他,现在完成时的基本构成(basicstructure),I、Regularverbs:过去式和过去分词的构成:1).verbed2).以不发音的e结尾d3).以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母ed，双写ed4).以辅音字母加y结尾的词,去yied.II、Irregularverbs：fourtypesAAAABAABBABC,过去分词的构成(theconstituent),1.already“已经”，放在肯定句句中或句末；2.yet放在疑问句句尾时，表示“已经”；放在否定句句尾时，表示“还(没，不)”,现在完成时的时间状语(temporaladverbials),3.ever“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中；4.never“从来没有”，表示否定句中。,5.just“刚刚”，用于陈述句中；6.recently“近来”，用于句末。,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别,Iboughtanewcomputerlastweek.只强调动作发生在过去。Ihaveboughtanewcomputer.不强调动作什么时候发生，只强调现在的结果是拥有了一台新电脑。,1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。,2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语，不能与表示过去的时间连用。一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语有：for,since,ever,never,just,already,yet等不确定的时间状语。,Letstry!Imsureyoucandoitwell!,1.I_(see)the3DfilmAvatar.Itsamazing!I_(see)itonemonthago.,2.-Isyourgrandfatherstillalive?-No,he_already_(die).-When_he_(die)?-He_lastyear(die).,3.Mr.Li_(begin)toworkinthisfactoryin1990.He_(work)inthefactoryfor20years.,haveseen,saw,hasdied,diddie,died,began,hasworked,1._youever_withagroup?Yes,Ihave.A.Did;studyB.Are;studying