研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版教学课件Lesson5SteveJobs.ppt

1,AdvancedReadingRevisedEdition,2,策划：鞠方安商希建顾问：李光立主编：刘兰芝杨真真副主编：GeraldZimmerman张波任林静制作人：董敬一尹立鑫,3,LessonFiveSteveJobs,4,Catalogue,Warm-upQuestions,LanguagePoints,DifficultSentences,KeystotheExercises,BackgroundInformation,MainIdea,5,WalterIsaacsonistheauthorofthebiographySteveJobsandtheCEOoftheAspenInstitute.HewaspreviouslytheeditorofTimeMagazineandtheCEOofCNN.HewasborninNewOrleans,La.,onMay20,1952.,BackgroundInformation,6,HeisagraduateofNewmanSchoolinNewOrleans,HarvardCollege,andPembrokeCollegeofOxfordUniversity.HeservesaschairmanoftheBroadcastingBoardofGovernors,whichoverseesVoiceofAmerica,RadioFreeEurope,andotherU.S.internationalbroadcasts.HeisalsothechairmanoftheboardofTeachforAmerica.HeisontheboardsofUnitedContinentalAirlines,BloombergFoundation,HarvardOverseers,andTulaneUniversity.,BackgroundInformation,7,SteveJobsistheauthorizedbiographyofSteveJobs.ThebiographywaswrittenattherequestofJobsbyacclaimedbiographerWalterIsaacson,aformerexecutiveatCNNandTimewhohaswrittenbest-sellingbiographiesaboutBenjaminFranklinandAlbertEinstein.,BackgroundInformation,8,BasedonmorethanfortyinterviewswithJobsconductedovertwoyearsinadditiontointerviewswithmorethanonehundredfamilymembers,friends,adversaries,competitors,andcolleaguesIsaacsonwasgiven“exclusiveandunprecedented”accesstoJobsslife.,BackgroundInformation,9,HomeofPaulandClaraJobs,onCristDriveinLosAltos,California.SteveJobsformedAppleComputerinitsgaragewithSteveWozniakandRonaldWaynein1976.Waynestayedonlyashorttime,leavingJobsandWozniakastheprimaryco-foundersofthecompany.,BackgroundInformation,10,JobsholdingawhiteiPhone4atWorldwideDevelopersConference2010,BackgroundInformation,11,Applelogoin1977,createdbyRobJanoffwiththerainbowcolorthemeuseduntil1998.,BackgroundInformation,12,ANeXTstationwiththeoriginalkeyboard,mouseandtheNeXTMegaPixelmonitor.,BackgroundInformation,13,LogofortheThinkDifferentcampaigninitiatedbyJobsafterhisreturntoAppleComputerin1997.,BackgroundInformation,14,SteveJobsandBillGatesatthefifthD:AllThingsDigitalconference(D5)in2007,BackgroundInformation,15,JobsdemonstratingtheiPhone4toRussianPresidentDmitryMedvedevonJune23,2010,BackgroundInformation,16,SteveJobswiththefirstgenerationiPadtablet,BackgroundInformation,17,ClickhereandwatchSteveJobslifestory.,Warm-upQuestions,18,Warm-upQuestions,WhatdoyouknowaboutSteveJobsandwhatdoyouthinkofhim?,2.IfyouwereSteveJobs,whatwouldyoulivefor,wealth,honor,loveorothers?,19,MainIdea,ThisreadingistakenfromthebookSteveJobs,au-thorizedbiographyoftheAppleco-founderwrittenbyWalterIsaacson.InthisexcerpthedescribesthemajorroleplayedbySteveJobsinthedevelopmentoftheiPhone.IntellingthisstoryhealsogivessomeinsightintoSteveJobspersonality,andhisabilitytoimaginerevolutionarynewproductsandbringthem,20,Mainidea,tothepublic.IsaacsonbeginsbytellinghowJobsusedApplesverysuccessfuliPodtobeginthedevelomemtoftheiPhone.Jobsrecognizedthatotherproductshadlimitedusefulness,andthatitwasdifficultforcustomerstounderstandhowtheyworked.Customersusedthecell-phonesofothercompanies,notbecausetheywerebetter,butbecausetheyweretheonlyproductsavailable.Jobs,21,Mainidea,imagined,designedanddevelopedamuchbetterproduct.ThestorycontinuestotellhowtheiPhonewasintroducedtothepublic,andhowitbecameagreatsuccess.,22,LanguagePoints,1.skyrocketvi(line1,para.1）toincreasesuddenlyandgreatly物价和失业率猛涨的同时，生产却下降了。Productionhasdroppedwhilepricesandunemploy-menthaveskyrocketed.人们无法担负暴涨的医疗费用。Peoplecannotaffordtheskyrocketingcostsofhealthcare.,23,LanguagePoints,2.quadruplevtincome电影院非常景气的一年，创下1980年以来广告及票房收入新高。Aboomyearatthecinema,withrecordadvertisingrevenueandthehighestticketsalessince1980.政府的财政收入和支出要平衡。Agovernmentsrevenueandexpenditureshouldbebalanced.,27,LanguagePoints,5.burnishvtfml（line3,para.1）1)toworkhardinordertoimprovesth议会急需一位能改善其形象的主席。TheParliamentbadlyneedsapresidentwhocanburnishitsimage.2)topolishmetaluntilitshines我每个月都给地板打蜡，然后再把它擦亮。EverymonthIwaxandburnishthefloor.,28,LanguagePoints,burnishthehipness（line3todeliver未经全面调查就提出意见是不妥的。Itisdeemedunsafetorenderanopinionwithoutafullinvestiagation.你必须对自己的所作所为作出说明。Youhavetorenderanaccountofyourbehavior.,39,LanguagePoints,11.wasnotinhisDNA(line2,para.3）Itwasnotnaturaltohim,itwasnotinhisbasicnature.,40,12.partnervt(line2,para.3）1)tobesomeonespartnerinadance,gameetc他答应星期一跟我搭档进行网球双打比赛。HeagreedtopartenermeinthetennisdoublesonMonday.2）acountryororganizationthatanothercountryororganizationhasanagreementwith中国最大的贸易合作伙伴Chinsslargesttradingpartner,LanguagePoints,41,LanguagePoints,2)oneoftwopeoplewhoaremarried,orwholivetogether你为什么不选择他做你的终身伴侣？Whydontyouchoosehimforyourpartner?,42,LanguagePoints,13.CEOn(line2,para.3）ChiefExecutiveOfficer；thepersonwiththemostauthorityinalargecompany;thehighestrankingofficerinmanylargecorporations,43,LanguagePoints,14.hallmarkn(line6,para.3）1)anidea,method,orqualitythatistypicalofaparticularpersonorthing表达清楚是好文章的特点。Clearexpressionisthehallmarkofgoodwriting.衡量一个优秀政治家的标志之一就是他影响大众的能力。Onehallmarkofagoodpoliticianishisabilitytoinfluencepeople.,44,LanguagePoints,2)Ahallmarkisadistinguishingmarkorfeature.HallmarkswerefirstusedbyEuropeancraftsmentoidentifyproductsasuniquelytheirown.,45,LanguagePoints,Synonyms:attribute,distinguishingfeature,peculiarity,idiosyncrasy,symptom,trait,46,LanguagePoints,15.aproductthathadbeennegotiatedbyacommittee(line6tomendshoes,boots,etc;tomakesthroughly别马马虎虎地修补我的鞋。Dontcobbleupmyshoes.,50,LanguagePoints,18.Wiredn（lastlineofpara.3)WiredMagazineisamonthlypublicationdevotedtodevelopmentsinnewtechnology.Ingeneraluse“wired”literallymeans,asystemelectronicallyconnectedbywires.Inanidiomaticsense,itmeans“wellconnected,veryinformed.”Thisistheimpli-cationthatWiredMagazinewouldlikeitsreaderstomake.Inothersituationsaveryexcitedpersonmaybeconsidered“wired.”,51,LanguagePoints,19.scoffvi(lastlineofpara.3)1)tolaughatapersonoridea,andtalkabouttheminawaythatshowsyouthinktheyarestupid;tomakefunof他们嘲笑那种认为任何事情都可以改变的想法。Theyscoffedattheideathatanythingcouldbechanged.正统的学者往往会对这种理论嗤之以鼻。Orthodoxscholarsareinclinedtoscoffatsuchtheroies.,52,LanguagePoints,Synonyms:sneer,jeer,gibe,floutsneervitosmileorspeakinaveryunkindwaythatshowsyouhavenorespectforsomeoneorsthsneerat她对汤姆的音乐品味嗤之以鼻。ShesneeredatTomsmusicaltastes.jeervtolaughatsomeoneorshoutunkindthingsattheminawaythatshowsyoudonotrespectthem,53,LanguagePoints,他们用嘲笑声把讲演人赶下了台。Theyjeeredthespeakeroffthestage.你不能做得更好，就别奚落人。Dontjeerunlessyoucandobetter.gibevitomakeanunkindremarkintendedtomakesomeoneseemsilly他的朋友嘲笑他的怯懦。Hisfriendgibedathimforhiscowardice.,54,LanguagePoints,floutvttodeliberatelydisobeyalaw,ruleetc,withouttryingtohidewhatyouaredoing一些公司公然蔑视规章制度，雇佣小至7岁的童工。Somecompaniesflouttherulesandemploychildrenasyoungasseven.deliberately/openlyfloutsth该协会公然蔑视法律。Theunionhadopenlyfloutedthelaw.,55,LanguagePoints,20.reviewnuc(line2,para.4)acarefulexaminationofasituationorprocess;evaluation,analysis这篇评论对影片宣扬暴力未作批判。Thereviewisuncriticaloftheviolenceinthefilm.年度综论annualreview,56,LanguagePoints,21.Theyallstank.(line3,para.4)Somethingthat“stinks”smellsbadandisveryun-pleasant;pasttense,stank.Usedinthissense,theseproductsdidnotactuallysmellbadly,buttheywereofinferiorqualityanddifficulttouse,theywerenotpleasing.,57,LanguagePoints,stinkvi1)usedtosaythatsthisbad,unfair,dishonest我认为他们的方法糟透了。Ithinktheirmethodsstink.整件事情都透着政治腐败的气息。Thewholethingstinksofpoliticalcorruption.,58,LanguagePoints,Synonyms:pong,reek,whiff,59,LanguagePoints,2)tohaveastrongandveryunpleasantsmell离我远点你有口臭。Getawayfrommeyourbreathstinks.这个地方有股煎洋葱的刺鼻气味。Theplacestinksoffriedonions.,60,LanguagePoints,22.waytooadvinfml(line5,para.4)verymuch世界正在组织起来，对我和有些人说来太组织化了。Theworldisgettingorganized,waytooorganizedformeandsomeothers.你泡网吧的时间太多了。YouarespendingwaytoomuchintheInternetbar.,61,LanguagePoints,22.addressbookn(line6,para.4)abookorplaceonacomputerwhereyoukeepalistofpeoplesaddresses,62,LanguagePoints,23.ItwasjustByzantine.(line6,para.4)Itwaselaborate,withmanyfeatures,verycomplicated.DerivedfromByzantium,anancientcultureintheMiddleEast,knownforcomplicatedpoliticaladmi-nistration,andelaborate,complicatedartisticstyles.byzantinencomplicatedanddifficulttounderstand包含各种规则和贸易协定的错综复杂的体系abyzantinesystemofrulesandtradingarrangements,63,LanguagePoints,24.brain-dead(line8,para.4)Tosaythatsomeoneorsomethingis“braindead”istosaythatitisstupidandofnovalue.Derivedfromamedicaltermmeaningthatapersonistrulydead,theirbrainshowsnoelectricalactivity.,64,LanguagePoints,25.motivatorn(lastlineofpara.4)sthorsomeonethatmakesyouwanttodoorachievesthincentive动力可以影响一个人的行为。Amotivatorcaninfluenceanindividualsbehavior.,65,LanguagePoints,26.Therewasroomfor.(line3,para.5)Therewasaplacefor,andopportunityforaninnovativenewproduct.,66,LanguagePoints,27.apremiumandhipproduct(line3,para.5)Ahighqualityandveryandhighlydesirableproduct.,67,premiumadj1)ofveryhighquality优质的产品是当下的消费趋势thecurrentconsumertrendforpremiumproducts优质的英国土豆premiumqualityBritishpotatoes,LanguagePoints,68,LanguagePoints,2)anadditionalamountofmoney,aboveastandardrateoramount消费者准备出高价买有机蔬菜。Consumersarepreparedtopayapremiumfororgani-callygrownvegetables.beatapremium:ifsthisatapremium,peopleneeditorwantit,butthereislittleofitavailableoritisdiffi-culttoget,69,LanguagePoints,奥运期间食宿紧张。DuringtheOlympicGames,accommodationwillbeatapremium.toput/placeapremiumonsth:toconsideronequalityortypeofthingasbeingmuchmoreimportantthanothers有些老板重视受过教育的工人。Someemployersplaceapremiumoneducatedworkers.,70,LanguagePoints,28.theAirPortwirelessbasestation(line4itbroadcastsWiFisignalsforshortdistancesaroundhomeoroffice.,71,modify,LanguagePoints,29.modifyvt(line1,para.6)tomakesmallchangestosthinordertoimproveitandmakeitmoresuitableoreffective；toadapt可以把这一反馈用于修订下学年的课程。Thefeedbackwillbeusedtomodifythecoursefornextyear.既定的惯例是很难更改的。Establishedpracticesaredifficulttomodify.,72,LanguagePoints,30.trackwheeln(line1,para.6)asmallcircularinterfaceonthefrontoftheoriginaliPods.Beforethetouchscreenwasintroduced,thetrackwheelwasusedtoaccessmenusandsongsontheiPod.,73,LanguagePoints,31.scrollvi(line2,para.6)tomoveinformationonacomputerscreenupordownsothatyoucanreadit他们通过翻屏浏览数据。Theyscrolledthroughthedata.你打字的时候，文本会自动上卷。Thetextwillscrollupautomaticallywhenyoutype.向右边滚屏找文件这个单词。Scrolltotherighttofindtheworddocument.,74,LanguagePoints,2)alongpieceofpaperthatcanberolledup,andisusedasanofficialdocument在死海旁边的山洞里发现了古代的卷轴。AncientscrollswerefoundincavesbytheDeadSea.我打开卷轴时，黄河的景象展现在眼前。AsIopenedthescroll,apanoramaoftheYellowRiverunfolded.,75,LanguagePoints,32.optionn(line2,para.6)oneofthepossiblechoicesyoucanmakewhenusingcomputersoftware从主菜单里进行选择。Selectanoptionfromthemainmenu.他们有多种选择的可能性。Manyoptionsareopentothem.,76,LanguagePoints,2)oneofanumberofsubjectswhichastudentcanchoosetostudyasapartofhisorhercourse为毕业班学生开设了几门选修课。Severaloptionsareofferedforthestudentssenioryear.keep/leaveyouroptionsopen:towaitbeforemakingadecision我暂时不作决定。Imkeepingallmyoptionsopenforthemoment.,77,LanguagePoints,33.cumbersomeadj(line4,para.6)1)largeandheavyandthereforedifficulttocarry,orhandle这台机器看上去很笨重，但操作起来却很容易。Themachinelookscumbersome,itisactuallyeasytouse.2)verycomplicatedandinefficient过时而且复杂低效的计算机系统anoldandcumbersomecomputersystem,78,LanguagePoints,34.narrativesintersected(line2,para.7)Thesetwoaccounts/storieswerebroughttogether,combined.,79,LanguagePoints,intersectvitomeetorgoacrosseachother马路通常以直角交叉。Streetsusuallyintersectatrightangles.公路与铁路在此交叉。Ahighwayandarailwayintersecthere.,80,LanguagePoints,35.launchvt(line1,para.8)Inbusinessitmeanstointroduceaproducttothepublicforsale,toputitonthemarketforthefirsttime他的新书已于上月投放市场。Hisnewbookwaslaunchedlastmonth.推出产品是一项复杂的工程。Tolaunchaproductisacomplexproject.,81,LanguagePoints,36.grantvtfml(line1,para.8)togivesomeonesthorallowthemtohavesththattheyhaveaskedfor几周前已获得了许可。Permissionwasgrantedafewweeksago.他们可以给你权力、荣誉和财富，但却用奴役、耻辱和贫穷来折磨你。Theymaygrantyoupower,honour,andrichesbutafflictyouwithservitude,infamy,andpoverty.,82,LanguagePoints,37.superlativen(line3,para.8)awordthatshowsthatyouthinksomeoneorsthisverygood他在这篇文章中用了很多最高级形式的词汇。Heusedmanysuperlativesinhisessay.他有使用最高级词汇和夸张的倾向。Hehasthetendencytowardssuperlativesandexaggeration.Otherexpression:torunoutofsuperlatives用尽赞美之词,83,LanguagePoints,38.usableadj(line7,para.8)sththatisusablecanbeused如果作者稍加充实，原稿就可用。Themanuscriptmightbeusableiftheauthorcouldfillitoutalittle.这座岛上的居民有一半无法用英语交流。HalfoftheislandspopulationhasnousableEnglish.,84,LanguagePoints,39.Macworldn(line3,para.9)Here“Macworld”referstotheMacworldConferenceandExpo,alsoknownasiWorld.ItisanannualeventputonbyApple.ThousandsofdevelopersandAppleusersattend,andAppleoftenlaunchesitsnewestproducts.InothercontextsMacworldmayrefertoMacworldMagazine,apopularmonthlypublicationdedicatedtoAppleproducts.,85,LanguagePoints,40.presentationn(line3,para.9)1)aneventatwhichyoudescribeorexplainanewproductoridea我总是问我的报告需要做多长时间。IalwaysaskhowmuchtimeIhavetomakemypresentation.我利用幻灯片和视频进行了介绍。Igaveaslideandvideopresentation.,86,LanguagePoints,2)theactofgivingsomeoneaprizeorpresentataformalceremony昨天，他在伦敦的颁奖典礼上领了奖。HereceivedhisawardatapresentationinLondonyesterday.颁奖thepresentationofprizes,87,LanguagePoints,3)whenyoushowsthtosomeonesothatitcanbecheckedorconsidered你只要出示有关的身份证件就可以领取你的财产。Onpresentationoftherelevantidentitydocumentsyoumaycollectyourproperty.,88,LanguagePoints,41.PaloAlto(line2,para.10)PaloAlto(帕罗奥多市)isaCaliforniacity,onthesouthernendofSanFranciscoBay.,89,LanguagePoints,42.hangoutvadvinfml(line3,para.10)1)tospendalotoftimeinaparticularplaceorwithparticularpeople我过去经常泡吧,为的是听一些老人聊天。Iusedtohangoutinthebarjustheartheoldmentalking.临近校园的地带是商业与住宅区，学生们可以在这里购物和闲逛。Thecampusbordersacommericalandaresidentialstripwherestudentsshopandhangout.,90,LanguagePoints,2)tohangclothesoutsideinordertodrythem我的工作是把洗好的衣服晾出去。Myjobwastohangoutthewashing.把湿衣服拿出去晾干。Hangthewetthingsouttodry.,91,LanguagePoints,43.Moses(line4,para.10)MosesisamajorfigureinJewish,ChristianandIsla-micreligioustradition.TheOldTestamentportion(WritingsbeforethetimeofChrist)oftheChristianBibledescribehowtheJewishpeoplehadbeenheldinslaverytotheEgyptians.Around1,300BCEGoddirectedMosestochallengetheEgyptianPharaoh(King)andbringtheJewishpeopleoutofslavery.ThroughMoses,GodperformedmanymiraclesandtheJewswereabletoescapefromEgypt(1,300BCE),92,LanguagePoints,44.dubvt(line1,para.11)usuallypassivetogivesthorsomeoneanamethatdescribestheminsomeway;tolabel;toname有钱人被称为贵人。Amanofwealthisdubbedamanofworth.伦敦曾被冠为“世界保险之都”的称号。Londonwasdubbed“theinsurancecapitaloftheworld”.,93,LanguagePoints,2)tochangetheoriginalspokenlanguageofafilmortelevisionprogrammeintoanotherlanguage给德国人和法国人的对话配上了乡音很重的英语。ThedialoguebetweentheGermanandFrenchisdubbedinheavilyaccentedEnglish.很可能要配一种不同的声音。Probalyadifferentvoicewillbedubbedin.,94,LanguagePoints,45.appealto(line3,para.11)toattract;toseemgoodtosomeone鲜艳的颜色吸引小孩子。Brightcoloursappealtosmallchildren.你喜欢这首曲子吗？Doesthispieceofmusicappealtoyou?,95,46.generatevttoproduceorcausesth;tocreate改革将带来新的就业机会。Thereformswouldgeneratenewjobs.在19世纪人们大规模使用水力来发电。Inthe19thcenturywaterpowerwaswidelyutilizedtogenerateelectricity.,LanguagePoints,96,DifficultSentences,1.Theproductwasbecomingmoreimportanttothecompanysbottomline,accountingfor45%oftherevenuethatyear,anditwasalsoburnishingthehipnessofthecompanysimageinawaythatdrovesalesofMacs.(line2,para.1),该产品对于苹果公司的营收越发重要，占当年收入的45%。同时，ipod还促进了Mac公司的系列销售，为苹果公司打造出时尚的企业形象。,97,DifficultSentences,2.HisfirststrategywastodosomethingthathehadadmittedinfrontofBillGateswasnotinhisDNA:topartnerwithanothercompany.(line1,para.3),乔布斯曾当着比尔盖茨的面承认自己天生不善于合作，而此刻，他的第一个策略就是与另一家公司合作。,98,3.ItendeduphavingneithertheenticingminimalismofaniPodnortheconvenientslimnessofaRAZR.(line6,para.3),但是，该系列手机既没有iPod迷人的简约风格，也没有刀锋系列便捷的超薄造型。,DifficultSen