Chinese Multiscan FLWRadar - Operational Overview-飞行 Collins雷达培训材料

WXR-700/2100OperationalOverview,培训材料下载地址,767andClassic737WXR-700(FLWornon-FLW),737ngMultiscanWXR-2100,通过控制板鉴别飞机安装的雷达系统Boeing,通过控制板鉴别飞机安装的雷达系统Boeing,通过控制板鉴别飞机安装的雷达系统Airbus,AGENDA,MultiScanTMOverviewAviationWeatherHowRadarWorksAutomaticOperationManualOperation,MultiScanTMOverview,MultiScanTM(OptimumTiltAngle),Astheradarbeammoveshigherinthethunderstormreflectivitydecreases结论:观察雷雨一定要观察雷雨的下部(根部),扫描雷雨的中上部位会造成回波弱的现象;但为了避免扫到过多的地面杂波影响对雷雨的观察,需要上调到一个折衷的俯仰角矛盾:既要观察雷雨的下部,又要避免产生过多的地面杂波,多波束雷达提供了解决方案,雷达能探测到的雷雨顶部,实际雷雨威胁高度,MultiScanTM(Process),1.RadarScansFullEnvironment(LongandShortRanges)ContinuallyUpdatesScanMemories.Shortandlongrangeinformationtakenfromdifferentbeams,2.ScanMemoriesStoreRadarScanData-CompensateForAircraftMotion,3.DigitalProcessingMergesScanDataPerPilotCommand-Elimi-natesGroundClutter,4.IndependentlyControlledClutter-FreeDisplays,自动扫描的两个波束（存储器）数字化先进的地面杂波抑制显示影响飞行航路的气象,两个波束的俯仰角由系统根据飞机的高度和地形自动设置,从而最佳的扫描雷雨的中下部(强反射率部位),起飞时,两个波束向上看(上波束5.7度,下波束之高4.3度),随着飞机高度的增加,两个波束逐渐下俯,显示器上显示的为两个波束俯仰角的平均值.,MultiScanTM(TranslationandRotation),Allowsalldisplaystobesimultaneouslyupdatedeveryfourseconds,特点:雷雨位置的更新不仅依靠波束的扫描,系统更会自动补偿由于飞机的相对运动(前进和转弯)而造成的雷雨的相对位置变化,MultiScanTechnologies,GeographicDatabase,BeamtoBeamGroundClutterSuppression,MemoryBufferwithDigitizedWeatherandGroundReturns,MultipleAutomaticScansatDifferentTiltanglesToCaptureVolumetricWeatherData,FullyAutomaticOperation.GroundClutterFreeWeatherfrom0-320NM,TheMultiScanProcess,SupportingTechnologies,SmartScanTM,RealTimeWeatherinTurns,BendingMoment,TrueZeroTM,AutomaticAntennaMisalignmentCompensation,MANUALCALGain,AutoCALGain,AutomaticTemperatureBasedGain,DisplaysThunderstormThreatatCruiseAltitudes,10NM,OverFlightTMProtection,LowReflectivityOceanicCell,PreventsInadvertentThunderstormTopPenetrations,MultiScanOperationalCapabilities,AccurateWeatherthataffectstheaircraftflightpathfromthenoseoftheaircraftto320NM,GroundClutterFree,1stGenerationHazardAnalysisbasedonregionandtimeofyear,AttenuationAlert,CertifiedTurbulenceto40NM,AttenuationAlert,40NMTurbulence,OverFlightTMProtection,OverFlightProtection,PredictiveWindshear,GroundClutterFreeDisplay,所有的气象情况都在存储器里面,只显示影响飞行航路的雷雨,AutomaticGain(零温度线以上的自动温度增益补偿),BrightBand,TemperatureBasedGain(基于温度的增益补偿相当与增加了雷雨的反射顶,使雷达能够看到雷雨更高的部分)MultiScanincreasesgainautomaticallyabovefreezinglevelwithA/Caltitudeincreaseandoutsidetemperaturedecrease,零温度线以上的自动温度增益补偿相当于增加了雷雨的可视高度,AutomaticHazardAssessment(全球气象模型数据库的补偿),BrightBand,Gainautomaticallycompensateforweathervariationscausedbyvaryinggeographicandclimaticconditions.(雷雨的含水反射率随地域及季节会产生很大的变化,含水反射率不能体现雷雨的危险因素,如对流活动及闪电)TheresultistheFirstandOnlyRadarthatprovidesworldwidehazarddetection.,LowReflectivityOceanicWeather,MultiScanTM(GCSSwitch),AutomaticOperation.GroundClutterSuppressionturnoff.Thisisthepicturetheradarisactuallyseeing.,AutomaticOperation.GroundClutterSuppressionturnon.Optimalweatherreturnonallrangescales.,地面杂波的显示是很好的确认雷达工作性能的方法,MultiScanTM(GroundClutterSuppression),TheoriginalGCSintroducedin1980intheWXR-700usedadecorrelationprocessthatlooksatthespectrumofthereturns.Ifthereturnshadanarrowspectrum,theywereassumedtobegroundandremoved,ifthespectrumwaswideitwasassumedweatheranddisplayed.Sincethereisnaturallysomeoverlapbetweenthetwospectra,somelowspectralwidthpartsoftheweathermayberemoved(speckled)whilesomewidespectrumwidthgroundreturns(windyorvehicletraffic)maybedisplayed.Thisfeatureisintendedasapilotassessmenttoolbutissensitivetooperatingtechniqueandshouldnotbeleftoncontinuously.MultiScanontheotherhandusesaverysophisticated(andpatented)cluttersuppressiontechniquethatcomparesthereturnsfromtwoormorebeamtiltanglestodetermineifthereturnsaregroundorweather.Weatherreturnsduetotheirverticalextenthaveamuchdifferentcharacteristicbetweenbeamtiltanglesthandoesclutterwhichenablescluttertobeidentifiedandsuppressed.TheMultiScanAutomaticoperationisdesignedtorunthetiltanglesdownintothegroundforbestweatherdetectionwithGCScontinuouslyenabled.ThistechniquedoesnotutilizespectralcharacteristicssoisnotsubjecttothesamelimitationsastheoriginalGCS.,AviationWeather雷雨特性,AirborneRadarisDesignedtodetectrain,Reflectivity,WetHail,DrySnow,Rain,DryHail,提示：雷达依靠探测雷雨中含水（降雨）量的多少来工作的，回波与雨量成正比；雷达无法探测雪，雾，含水率低的云，干性湍流,闪电,区分冰雹与降雨的差别,WhatRADARCantDo,Radarcantseefog,cloudwithlessmoisture,snow,icecrystalsRadarcantseelightning,clearturbulenceRadarcanttellthedifferencebetweenwethailsandheavyrainfall,ThunderstormReflectivity,Liquidwateronly,7000m/25,000ft,IceOnly(Glaciated),FreezingLevel,Mixediceandwater,由于雷雨不同部分反射率的差异,会造成在高空飞行回波弱的感觉,低空回波强的感觉,尤其在雷雨距离飞机较近的情况下(40海里以内),波束较细,未能进行较佳的俯仰调节,ThunderstormReflectivity,3oi,1oi,0o,2oh,3oh,MultiScanTMAutomaticOperation,2oi,BestWxDetection,1oh,BestClutterRejection,SingleCellThunderstormDevelopment,ToweringCumulusStage,MatureStage,5.Theicecrystalsmeltastheydescend.,4.Whenicecrystalsarewaterdropletsgrowbigenoughtoovercometheupdrafttheybegintofallanddragdownthesurroundingair.,DissipatingStage,Multi-CellThunderstorms,MostthunderstormsareMulti-cellinnatureandcontaincellsinvariousstagesofdevelopment.,Note:Studieshaveshownthatthunderstormstendtotravelinthedirectionofwindsaroundthe10,000level.,Steady-stateThunderstorms,Thunderstormmaybe5to10milesindiameter,Stratosphere40,000-60,000,4.Overshoot,3.Gustfront,2.Midlevelwinds,1.Warm,moistair,5.Upperlevelwinds,6.Anviltop,雷雨的动态性,Thunderstormdevelopmentisrapid.Acoursethatappearsclearmaycontaincellsafewminuteslater.Developingthunderstormscangrowat6,000perminute成长上升过程20-30米/秒Newlydevelopingcellsoftendonotcontainsufficientwatertoreflectanecho,yettheycancausesevereturbulenceorlightning.Studieshaveshownthatthunderstormstendtravelinthedirectionofthewindsaround10,000feet.Newcellsgenerallyformonthesideofacloudinthedirectiontowardwhichitismoving.,HowRadarWorks,.ThereareFourCriticalFactorsinWeather,Turbulence,andWindshearDetectionPerformance,146WattsT/RPower,124dBReceiverSensitivity,Thehighertheloopgain,thebettertheperformance.,TransmitterPowerReceiverSensitivityFlatPlateTechnologyRadomePerformance,TheRadarSystem,KeyElements,3.Radome,5.Display,4.ControlPanel,2.Antenna,1.Receiver/Transmitter,6.PeripheralsIRS/ADC/LRA/Discretes,Qualifiers,QualifierAinputsareprovidedtotheWRT-701Xtoindicatewhentheaircraftisontherunwayandawayfromthegate,orintheair.ThesourceofaqualifierAinputdependsupontheaircraftconfiguration.Onepossiblesourceisthetransponder-ondiscrete(fromthetranspondercontrolpanel).ThissourcedependsupontheflightcrewswitchingtheTCAStostandbyuponexitingtherunwayandonlyturningonthetransponderafterleavingthegatearea.QualifierBinputsareprovidedtotheWRT-701Xtoindicatethattheaircraftisnotinthemaintenancehanger.OnepossiblesourceforthequalifierBinputistheoilpressurelowanalogdiscretefromtheengineortheenginestartswitchpositionanalogdiscrete.,HowRadarWorks,The3.5beamscans+/-90aircraftheadingandtakesa“Slice”outoftheradartarget.,TiltAnglesreferstoanglesbetweencenterlineofbeamandhorizontalplane,ManualTiltControl,+/-15degreewithincrementorincrementbetween+/-5degreeandbeyond+/-0.5degreeThistiltDisplayisdrivenbytheArinc453datawordfromtheWRT.TheWRTgetsthisinformationfromcontrolsource/WCPprovidingtheTiltcommandTheWRTsendatiltcommandtotheAntenna,Theantennatilts,theWRTseesthefeedbackandeverythingisOK.ifnotthentheWRTsetstheANTfaultmessage.IfOKthensetdisplaydataontheArinc453Databus,anddisplaysTiltvalueonND.Thesystemspecforthisislessthen2degreesdifferencebetweentheControlPanelandthedisplayedvalue.,AntennaCharacteristics(Stabilization),StabilizationOn,StabilizationOff,RadarScansparalleltotheHorizon,RadarScansparalleltotheaircraftswings,video,video,NonmultiscanradarcontrolpanelSTABneedtobeONallthetime,STABshowsifselectedOFF,COLORSCHEMEBlack:LessThan.76mm/hr(.03in/hr)Green:Weak(20dBz).76-3.81mm/hr(.03-.15in/hr)Yellow:Moderate(30dBz)3.81-12.7mm/hr(.15-.5in/hr)Red:StrongtoVeryStrong(40dBzandGreater)12.7mm/hr(.5in/hr)andGreaterMagenta:Turbulence(Greaterthan5meters/secondwindvelocity),CalibratedGain,注：人工模式雷达通过颜色级别来显示雷雨的强弱，但颜色的等级与闪电的活动和气流的强烈并无正比关系，很多情况，绿色（新形成的雷雨）可能会伴随着频繁的闪电活动和气流（颠簸）的运动。,CAL增益下雷雨强度与颜色级别的对比关系,人工模式CAL=降雨反射率自动模式CAL=降雨反射率+基于温度的自动补偿+全球气象模型数据库的补偿,GainControls(MultiscanControls),6,CALGainPosition,GainControlSettings(ManualOperation),EffectsofGainSelection,CalibratedGain,Reflectivity(BrightBand/RedOut),30nm,BrightBandoccursatandbelowthefreezinglevelinstrataformcloudformations.,CockpitDisplay,BrightBand,BrightBand,全红现象,全红产生的两个原因大面积强降雨包含大尺寸的雨滴大面积层云零温度线下产生亮带层次(雪包着水),亮带以下可能只为轻雨或小雨(飞机下降至亮带以下,雷达波束如离开亮带,全红的现象可能消失),BeamCharacteristic,The3.5degreebeamtakesa“Slice”outoftheradartarget.,BeamCharacteristics(BeamDiameter),ApproximateBeamWidthFormula:BeamWidth(infeet)=(DistanceinNm+“00”)x3.5,17,500ft,BeamWidth(50Nm)=,105,000ft,300Nm,200Nm,70,000ft,100Nm,35,000ft,50Nm,17,500ft,3,500ft,10Nm,距飞机越近，波束越窄，扫到雷雨的切面越薄，采集的信息点越多,显示雷雨的分辨率越好距飞机越远,波束越宽,更容易扫到雷雨,但雷雨的分辨率差,雷达发出的波束为3.5发散角的圆锥体,AzimuthResolution,随着飞机与雷雨的相对靠近,由于波束变细且波束对同一雷雨采集点增多,结果雷雨的分辨率/细节会越来越好.,BeamCharacteristics(RangeandAzimuthResolution),BeamCharacteristicsSummaryThebestweatherdefinitionoccurswithin80NMoftheaircraft.Beyond80NM,theradarshouldbeusedforflightpathplanningpurposes,notforweatheranalysis.,结论距离越远,波束越宽,雷达分辨雷雨细节的能力越差建议80nm以内对目标进行分析,80nm以外的显示主要作为确认目标的位置与存在及进行飞行计划,SensitivityTimeControl(SensitivityTimeControl/Within80nm),SensitivityTimeControl(STC)Sensitivitytimecontrolcompensatesforthelossofsignalattenuation.Astherangetothetargetchanges,theSTCcircuitryalsochangesthesensitivityofthereceivertocompensateforthesignallossduetodistance.ThisiscommonlyreferredtoastheSTCrange.TheSTCrangeis80milesfortheWXR-2100.WithintheSTCrangetheradarwillaccuratelydisplayprecipitationintensitylevels(rainfallrates).,Note:STCiseffectivewhentheweatheriswithin80nmoftheaircraftandwhen“CAL”Gainisselected.,雷达回波的强度除了受到由于不同雷雨高度层面反射率的影响,还受到由于波束在传递过程中能量的损耗的影响,SensitivityTimeControl(STC/灵敏度时间控制或距离补偿电路),由于雷达波束能量随着距离的传递不断损耗衰减，会造成距离不同，但反射性质完全相同目标在显示器上显示的强弱不同，或者说，距离远的反射的回波较距离近的目标反射的回波弱。从另外的角度说，当飞机不断飞近雷雨时，假定波束扫描雷雨的反射部位不变，由于距离变近回波变强，会造成显示的图象越变越强（绿黄红），但实际上雷雨的反射性质并没有变。为了弥补以上的问题，雷达STC功能会自动补偿，不断调高雷达接收机的灵敏度，从而增大距离远的目标的回波放大量，从而排除由于距离因素造成的波束能量传递损耗而产生对雷雨反射率的影响。,提示：STC只有在80nm以内才工作，另外增益旋钮必须在CAL位,使用高增益抑制STC可能观察到的现象,假使波束扫描的雷雨位置基本一致,雷雨性质不变目标越近越强烈(越近越“红”)目标越近面积有增长的趋势雷雨外围低于绿色门限的轻雨(背景黑色)由于距离变近,回波变强,会转为绿色,而原雷雨的绿和黄会转为黄或红远处接近的雷雨可能会随着飞机的的飞近连成一片,LongRangeColorEnhancement(远距离颜色加强),LongRangeColorEnhancementTheWXR-700containsalongrangecolorenhancementcircuitthatprovidesamoreaccurateweatherpictureatlongerranges.Theradardisplaystheactualprecipitationactivitybyadjustingthethresholdlevels(thelevelsthatdefineeachreflectivitylevel)ofthereturnedsignalstothelevelsthatwillprovidethetruestrepresentationoflongrangetargets.,80海里至320海里,由于雷达发出能量的限制,雷达无法再使用精确的STC进行补偿雷达采用远距色彩补偿的方式对雷雨的颜色级别进行增强以估计目标的真实反射性质随着雷雨的接近,在320海里至80海里的过程中,雷达的波束逐渐变细而分辨率增高,所以观察到雷雨的外形逐渐增长并变清晰是正常的结论:建议80nm以内对雷雨性质进行分析,80nm以外的显示主要作为确认目标的位置与存在及飞行计划,PathAttenuation(RadarShadow),NotesteepgradientandconcaveshapeonbackofstormAimradarbeamtowardsthegroundIfgroundclutterappearsatthesidesofthestormbutnotbehindit,thisisaradarshadow.Theareabehindthestormisattenuated.Note:Mountainsalsoproduceradarshadows.,Never,Never,EverFlyIntoaRadarShadow,PATHATTENUATIONCompensationandAlert,PACAlertCompensatesForAttenuationDueToInterveningPrecipitation(UpToApproximately80nmi)WhenCompensationLimitReached,AlertAnnunciatesAreaswhereSevereAttenuationisOccurring(PACAlertBar),PACAlertUniquetoCollinsRadar,NoteCalibrated(CAL)GainmustbeselectedforthePACAlerttofunction,PathAttenuation(SouthernAirwaysFlight242),PilotsRadarPresentation,ActualWeather,InApril1977thecrewofSouthern242wasworkingtheirwaythroughanareaofcellsovereasternAlabama-FO:“WhichwaydowegoacrosshereorgooutIdontknowhowwegetthroughhere,Bill.”CPT:“Iknow,yourejustgonnahavetogoout”FO:“Yeah,rightacrossthatband.”CPT:“Allclearleftapproximatelyrightnow.Ithinkwecancutacrosstherenow.”FO:“Allright,herewego.”,Since1975atLeastTenFatalAccidentsHaveOccurredintheUnitedStatesWhereRadarAttenuationwasaMajorContributingFactor,AircraftPenetratesExtremeThunderstormReachingto55,000FeetthatisProducingTornadoesandThreeInchHail,AttenuationSequence,DopplerTurbulenceDetection,ICECRYSTALS,ForwardLookingWindshear,video,Microbursts&Windshear,KTS,LBS,METERS,ApproachFlightPath,40KnotHeadwind,40KnotTailwind,AIRSPEED,POWER,ALTITUDE,Windshear(DetectionZones),5NM,ADVISORYAREA,3NM,CAUTIONAREA,WARNINGAREA,.25NMEITHERSIDEOFA/C,APPROACHANDGO-AROUND,TAKEOFFROLL,1.5NM,AircraftHeading,AircraftHeading,Note:TheCollinsWindshearRadardetectsmicroburstdownto0dBz,(.0364mm/hror1.4thousandthofaninch/hrofrainfall),ApproachandGoAround,TakeOff,3nm,0.25nm,0.25nm,30,30,Windshear(DetectionZonesAirbusandretrofitaircraft),0.25nm,0.25nm,Warning,Caution,Advisory,WeatherDetectionRegion,5nm,3nm,30,30,5nm,Windshear(DetectionZonesBoeingaircraft),ApproachandGoAround,TakeOff,3nm,0.25nm,0.25nm,30,30,0.25nm,0.25nm,Warning,Caution,WeatherDetectionRegion,5nm,3nm,30,30,5nm,2,3001,200-50,2,3000Kts-1,200,Windshear(VerticalAlertZone),Takeoff,Landing,100Kts-50FT,50-0FT,PWSFailonlyoccurbelow2300,PWSAutoTurnOnThrottleSW53DegreeAdvance(Boeing737ng)OilPressureandGroundSpeed(Airbus320),BoeingFailureMessagesNOTE:WriteDownFailureMessagesForMaintenance,WXRATT:AttitudeinputfailsWXRSTAB:Stabilizationisoff.NoAUTOTILT（自动模式失效，可选择人工模式使用）,WXRFAIL(lossofImage)*R/T*WXRcontrolpanel*WXRantenna,PWSfailure:*LossofanyRA*LossofADRdata*LossofIRdata*antennafaults*InternalWXRsystemfaults*LossofCASandTAS.,注:雷达内部有严格的监控电路,如反射功率等的降低到一定门限,会触发WXRFAIL,说明雷达失效,一般情况下,不要轻易认为雷达回波弱,功率不够,Failures(lossoftheradarimage)aredisplayedinredWXRR/T:failureR/TWXRANT:failureofantennaWXRCTL:failureofCTLWXRRNG:comparisonerrorbetweentherangefromtheEFISsectionandthecopydatareceivedontheDMCviatheradardatabus,Failures(imagenotloss/amber)PREDW/S:windshearfunctionfailureWXRATT:ADIRUattitudefailureNOAUTOTILT:（自动模式失效，可选择人工模式使用）WXRSTAB:lossoftheradarantennastabilizationWXRTEST:TESTmode(deselectSTABfromCP),AirbusFailureMessagesNOTE:WriteDownFailureMessagesForMaintenance,PWSFailonAirbusNOTE:WriteDownFailureMessagesForMaintenance,RadomeCharacteristics,TheRadomeisyourradarswindowtotheoutsideworld.Ifthe“window”isdirtyordamaged,radarenergywillnotshinethroughclearly.,RadomeClassesDO-213referencesthepercentageofRFenergythatcanpassthroughtheradomeasTransmissionEfficiency(Transmissivity):AverageMinimumatanyPointClassA90%85%ClassB87%82%ClassC84%78%ClassD80%75%ClassE70%55%,RadomeCharacteristics(CatsEyes),CatsEyes“CatsEyes”or“GhostTargets”mayappearinanarrowgreenorgreenyellowarcorastwosmalltargetsat+/-45Degrees,betweenthe4and8milerangesandtheaircraftaltitudeisaboveapproximately3,000ft.ThisrepresentssidelobereflectionsfromthegroundandiscausedbyeitherturningthegaintowardsthemaxpositionorbyaRadomewithgreatlyreducedtransmitivity.,Safety,Boeing:50FT(15M)FROMTHERADAR.Airbus,morethan5meters(16.4FT)fromtheantenna.Nopersonisintheareamadebyanarcof135degreeoneachsideofA/Ccenterline.Thegreatestradiatedpowerdensity(1.43mW/cm2,18inchesfromantenna)oftheCollinsWXR-2100WeatherRadarSystemissignificantlylessthanthe10mW/cm2allowableforlimitingtheexposureofrfenergytohumansasnotedinFAAAdvisoryCircular,number20-688,datedAugust1980.,AlienRadar,MultiScanTMAutomaticOperation,ControlPanels,Boeing,Airbus,DisplayAnnunciations(Airbus),DisplayAnnunciations(Boeing),NOAUTOTILT自动模式失效，可选择人工模式使用,NOAUTOTILT:LossDataFromADIRU(for12s)OnlydisplayedwhenAUTOmodeselectedAirspeedHeadingBarometricAltitudeSATDrift,TrackAngleGroundSpeedLON/LAT,TiltAnnunciation(WhatDoesitMean?),Controls(PowerOn/Off),AirbusOnly,Note:OnBoeingaircraft,powerisappliedtotheradarsystembyselecting“WXR”ontheEFIScontrolpanel.,Controls(AutomaticOperation(On/Off),AutomaticOperationInitialization,Manual,FirstSweep,SecondSweep,ThirdSweep,FourthSweep,FifthSweep,1,当选择自动模式时,雷达需要进行4个扫描起始过程2,在正常自动模式的工作状态下,如在短时间内选择人工方式(38秒内),再转回自动模式,因为雷达记忆了先前的自动设置,所以不需再进行起始过程.,对安装双套系统的情况，由原正常工作的系统转化至另套系统也需经过起始显示地面杂波的过程,自动模式的自动调节补偿,抑制地面杂波AutoAlignmentProcess,现象:自动模式爬升或巡航阶段观察到地面杂波(一般在80海里左右或以外),原因:在更换雷达R/T或雷达驱动器之后,雷达需在第一次飞行的巡航高度,自动调整以补偿系统安装误差及飞机在空中结构弯曲变化造成对零参考面的影响,以实现高精度的波束俯仰角度,用以计算地面杂波的滤除.调整过程中杂波的出现并不影响中近程雷雨的探测,同时也可按需使用人工方式调整过程的实现需要在飞机进入平飞状态,巡航高度,陆地飞行的情况下进行,一般需要几分钟的时间.调整结束后地面杂波完全滤除,此种情况下雷达的工作完全正常.,AutoModeGroundClutterSuppressionRequiresPreciseKnowledgeofRadarAntennaPosition杂波抑制需知道天线波束的精确俯仰角度AntennaDrive,IRSInstallationVariations天线驱动器和惯导系统的安装差异AircraftFlexinFlight(transitionfromgroundstaticcalibration)飞机结构在空中的柔性变化对零参考线的影响AutoAlignmentProcessincruisewillcompensateforthesevariations雷达在巡航平飞开始后会进行自我调整(几分钟),补偿上述误差,杂波的出现并不影响中近程雷雨的探测,同时也可使用人工进行确认,自动模式目前的一个问题自动位感觉天线俯仰偏低，地面杂波无法去除（40或80海里以外）,SingleinstallationsIfexcessivegroundreturnsoccurinAUTOmode,deselectweatherradaronbothEFIScontrolpanelsformorethan1second.Reselectweatherradar,Excessivegroundreturnswillberemovedwithinapproximately30seconds.DualinstallationsFollowtheinstructionsforthesingleinstallationsaboveorswitchthesystemselecttoclearthecondition.,临时措施为关掉雷达，几秒种后在打开，重新起始雷达.地面杂波应在起始过程后滤掉(30秒左右),参见COLLINSWMA-701X/702XSIL07-1天线驱动器改装SB29为最终解决方案使用人工模式,Controls(DualSystemSelection),Controls(PWS(PredictiveWindshear),AirbusOnly,GainControls(Controls),6,CALGainPosition,Gain(OperatingTechniques),CALGainistherecommendedoperatingpositionStandardColorLevelsPACAlertFunction,Caution:AlwaysreturngaintoCALafterabelowCALgainsettinghasbeenutilized.BelowCALgainsettingsmaycausethunderstormstoappearlessintensethanisactuallythecase.,Caution:PACAlert(attenuation/radarshadow)isdisabledforallnon-CALsettings.,Controls(TiltControl),ControlsGroundClutter(On/Off),ControlsWX(WeatherMode),ControlsWX+T(WeatherPlusTurbulenceMode),OnAllRangeScales,Outto40nm,ControlsTURB(TurbulenceMode),AirbusOnly,Caution:PrecipitationwillnotbedisplayedwhenoperatinginTURBmode.Inadvertentpenetrationofareasofsevereweatherispossible.,Controls(MAPmode),ControlsTFR(Transfer),BoeingOnly,Note:IfbothpilotsselectTFR(transfer)theradarwillbeunabletodeterminewhichsettingtouseandaTESTpatternwillbedisplayedontheEFIS.,Controls(TEST),BoeingOnly,Note:OnAirbusaircraftTESTisactivatedthroughtheCFDS.Stepbystepinstructionsareprovided.,Selectanon-TESTmodeontheradarcontrolpanelSelectWXRontheEFIScontrolpanel