chapter 0A 2管理学Management刘冰老师教学课件 英文版

Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,A1,ManagingEntrepreneurialVentures,AppendixA,ManagementStephenP.RobbinsMaryCoulter,tenthedition,Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,A2,LearningOutcomesFollowthisLearningOutlineasyoureadandstudythischapter.,A1.TheContextofEntrepreneurshipDifferentiatebetweenentrepreneurialventuresandsmallbusinesses.ExplainwhyentrepreneurshipisimportantintheUnitedStatesandglobally.Describethefourkeystepsintheentrepreneurialprocess.Explainwhatentrepreneursdo.Discusswhysocialresponsibilityandethicsareimportantconsiderationsforentrepreneurs.,Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,A3,LearningOutcomes,A2.Start-UpandPlanningIssuesDiscusshowopportunitiesareimportanttoentrepreneurialventures.Describeeachofthesevensourcesofpotentialopportunity.Explainwhyitsimportantforentrepreneurstounderstandcompetitiveadvantage.Listpossiblefinancingoptionsforentrepreneurs.Describethesixmajorsectionsofabusinessplan.,Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,A4,TheContextofEntrepreneurship,WhatIsEntrepreneurship?Entrepreneurshipistheprocessofstartingnewbusinesses,generallyinresponsetoopportunities.EntrepreneurialVenturesOrganizationsthatpursueopportunities,arecharacterizedbyinnovativepractices,andhavegrowthandprofitabilityastheirmaingoals.SmallBusinessAfirmthatisindependentlyowned,operated,andfinanced;hasfewerthan100employees;doesntnecessarilyengageinneworinnovativepractices,andhasrelativelylittleimpactonitsindustry.,Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,A5,WhyIsEntrepreneurshipImportant?,InnovationEngageinthecreativedestructionprocessActasagentsofchangeNumberofNewStartupsIncreasingnumbersofnewfirmsJobCreationNewventurescreate60-80%ofnetnewjobs,Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,A6,TheEntrepreneurialProcess,ExploringtheEntrepreneurialContext,IdentifyingOpportunitiesandPossibleCompetitiveAdvantages,StartingtheVenture,ManagingtheVenture,Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,A7,PotentialSourcesofOpportunity,EnvironmentalContext,TheIncongruous,TheProcessNeed,IndustryandMarketStructures,Demographics,ChangesinPerception,NewKnowledge,TheUnexpected,Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,A8,ExhibitA1EvaluatingPotentialIdeas,Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,A9,ExhibitA2FeasibilityStudy,A.Introduction,historicalbackground,descriptionofproductorservice:BriefdescriptionofproposedentrepreneurialventureBriefhistoryoftheindustryInformationabouttheeconomyandimportanttrendsCurrentstatusoftheproductorserviceHowyouintendtoproducetheproductorserviceCompletelistofgoodsorservicestobeprovidedStrengthsandweaknessesofthebusinessEaseofentryintotheindustry,includingcompetitoranalysisB.Accountingconsiderations:1.Proformabalancesheet2.Proformaprofitandlossstatement3.Projectedcashflowanalysis,Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,A10,ExhibitA3FeasibilityStudy(contd),C.Managementconsiderations:PersonalexpertisestrengthsandweaknessesProposedorganizationaldesignPotentialstaffingrequirementsInventorymanagementmethodsProductionandoperationsmanagementissuesEquipmentneeds.D.Marketingconsiderations:DetailedproductdescriptionIdentifytargetmarket(who,where,howmany)Describeplaceproductwillbedistributed(location,traffic,size,channels,etc.)Pricedetermination(competition,pricelists,etc.)Promotionplans(personalselling,advertising,salespromotion,etc.),Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,A11,ExhibitA3FeasibilityStudy(contd),E.Financialconsiderations:Start-upcostsWorkingcapitalrequirementsEquityrequirementsLoansamounts,type,conditionsBreakevenanalysisCollateralCreditreferencesEquipmentandbuildingfinancingcostsandmethodsF.Legalconsiderations:Proposedbusinessstructure(type;conditions,terms,liability,responsibility;insuranceneeds;buyoutandsuccessionissues)Contracts,licenses,andotherlegaldocumentsG.Taxconsiderations:(sales/property/employee;federal,state,andlocal)H.Appendix:charts/graphs,diagrams,layouts,resumes,etc.,Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,A12,ResearchingCompetitors,CompetitorIntelligence:Whattypesofproductsorservicesarecompetitorsoffering?Whatarethemajorcharacteristicsoftheseproductsorservices?Whataretheirproductsstrengthsandweaknesses?Howdotheyhandlemarketing,pricing,anddistributing?Whatdotheyattempttododifferentlyfromothercompetitors?Dotheyappeartobesuccessfulatit?Whyorwhynot?Whataretheygoodat?Whatcompetitiveadvantage(s)dotheyappeartohave?Whataretheynotsogoodat?Whatcompetitivedisadvantage(s)dotheyappeartohave?Howlargeandprofitablearethesecompetitors?,Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,A13,ExhibitA3PossibleFinancingOptions,Entrepreneurspersonalresources(personalsavings,homeequity,personalloans,creditcards,etc.)Financialinstitutions(banks,savingsandloaninstitutions,government-guaranteedloan,creditunions,etc.)Venturecapitalistsexternalequityfinancingprovidedbyprofessionally-managedpoolsofinvestormoneyAngelinvestorsaprivateinvestor(orgroupofprivateinvestors)whooffersfinancialbackingtoanentrepreneurialventureinreturnforequityintheventureInitialpublicoffering(IPO)thefirstpublicregistrationandsaleofacompanysstockNational,state,andlocalgovernmentalbusinessdevelopmentprogramsUnusualsources(televisionshows,judgedcompetitions,etc.),Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,A14,InvestinginEntrepreneurialVentures,VentureCapitalistsExternalequityfinancingprovidedbyprofessionally-managedpoolsofinvestormoney.AngelInvestorsAprivateinvestor(orgroupofprivateinvestors)whooffersfinancialbackingtoanentrepreneurialventureinreturnforequityintheventure.Initialpublicoffering(IPO)Thefirstpublicregistrationandsaleofacompanysstock.,Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,B15,Benchmarking,Thesearchforthebestpracticesamongcompetitorsandnoncompetitorsthatleadtotheirsuperiorperformance.Byanalyzingandcopyingthesepractices,firmscanimprovetheirperformance.,Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,B16,ExhibitB2StepsinBenchmarking,Source:BasedonY.K.Shetty,“AimingHigh:CompetitiveBenchmarkingforSuperiorPerformance,”LongRangePlanning.February1993,p.42.,Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,B17,BreakevenAnalysis,BreakevenAnalysisIsusedtodeterminethepointatwhichallfixedcostshavebeenrecoveredandprofitabilitybegins.Fixedcost(FC)Variablecosts(VC)TotalFixedCosts(TFC)Price(P)TheBreak-evenFormula:,Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,B18,ExhibitB10BreakevenAnalysis,Copyright2010PearsonEducation,Inc.PublishingasPrenticeHall,A19,DevelopingaBusinessPlan,BusinessPlanAwrittendocumentthatsummarizesabusinessopportunityanddefinesandart