翻译的原则概要.ppt

第十章翻译与辞格,英汉对译：比喻（comparison)反语（irony)转喻（metonymy)排比（parallelism)拟人（personification)设问（questionandanswer)夸张（hyperbole)反问（rhetoricalquestion)讳饰（euphemism)借代（antonomasia)呼告（apostrophe,10.1比喻明喻（simile)与暗喻（metaphor),明喻：as,like,asif,asthough等1，直译（保留原文中的比喻词）：例1）TheRedManhaseverfledtheapproachoftheWhiteMan,asthemorningmistfleesbeforethemorningsun.2)Todayisfair.Tomorrowmaybeovercastwithclouds.Mywordsarelikethestarsthatneverchange.,10.1比喻明喻（simile)与暗喻（metaphor),3)老榕树的影子，也越来越看得更清楚了。真像一位登高而望归人的老者呢。4)他突然高声大笑，好像说了什么笑话似的。,10.1比喻10.1.1明喻（simile),2.英语中的asas结构大多直译成汉语:aswhiteassnowascoldasiceasblindasanowlascheapasdirtasbusyasabeeasbeautifulasthesun,10.1比喻10.1.1明喻（simile),3.由于文化上的差异，有的asas结构用意译法：asclearasdayasclearasabellasclearasawhistleasboldasbrassasblackasoneshatasbaldasacoot,10.1比喻10.1.2暗喻（metaphor）,1.直译：1)Nowifdeathbeofsuchanature,Isaythattodieisgain;foreternityisthenonlyasinglenight.2)Threeyearsjunglelifehadturnedhimintoawildbeast.,10.1比喻10.1.2暗喻（metaphor）,3)卑鄙是卑鄙者的通行证，高尚是高尚者的墓志铭。4)一切都变了，她的最亲密的文城变成了死城。她的老父亲变成了活在地狱的“人鬼”。,10.1比喻10.1.2暗喻（metaphor）,2.根据需要，暗喻采用意译译成明喻：Sheisafox.Heisaweathercock.Shesanightingalewhenshesings.Hedashedoutlikeanarrow.Heisagoose.,10.2转喻,1.直译1)Islifesodear,orpeacesosweet,astobepurchasedatthepriceofchainsandslavery?2)Onlyonethingwillsolvethiscasethelittlegreycellsofthebrain.3)Whattheycouldnotsolvewithwords,theysolvedwithbloodshed.,10.2转喻,2.意译1)Johnspentmanyyearsinchainsbeforehesawhisfamilyagain.2)HaveIinconqueststretchdminearmsofarTobeafeardtotellgreybeardsthetruth?,10.3拟人,1.直译法再现原文的生动形象1)Toitsresidents,Vesuviuswasabenefactornotanenemy.Butwithoutanywarning,MountVesuviusroaredtolife.2)Andcertainly,wheneverthewindblew,theReedmadethemostgracefulcurtseys.3)Crimeburstinlikeaflood;modesty,truth,andhonorfled.,10.3拟人,4)田野的秩序变得井井有条，土地把债务都已还清，谷子进仓了，泥土休憩了，自然舒一口气，吹来了爽风。,10.3拟人,2.有时意译更符合译文表达习惯1)Theshipsadlycaughtfireandtheplanstomakeherafloatingmuseumdiedinthesmolderingembers.2)春天正向我们走来。,10.4夸张,1.直译保留原文的感染力1）“Atem,allhandsallhands!”heroared,inavoiceofthunder.2)Nay,hesaidyesyoudiddenyitifyoucan,thatyouwouldnothaveconfessedthetruth,thoughmasterhadcutyoutopieces.,10.4夸张,3)为了让兄弟们的肩头担起整个大地，摇醒千万个太阳4）父亲严厉的话语几乎把她吓死，再也不敢说出实情。,10.4夸张,2.语言表达习惯的差异，意译1)Sheisagirlinamillion.2)妈妈对小明说：“下次你再不及格，看我不拧断你的脖子！”,10.5讳饰,1.译入语中有字面上对应的委婉语，直译1）Onthe14thofMarch,ataquartertothreeintheafternoon,thegreatestlivingthinkerceasedtothink.Hehadbeenleftaloneforscarcelytwominutes,andwhenwecamebackwefoundhiminhisarmchair,peacefullygonetosleepbutforever.,10.5讳饰,2)听说他是刚从那里面出来的。2.译入语没有字面上与原文对应的委婉语，采取功能上与之对等的委婉语，意译。1）Thedoctorwasfiercelycondemnedbysomeforwhathereferredtoashelpingpeopleindying.,10.5讳饰,2)他在回家的路上遭遇到不测。3）MayIgotothebathroom?MayIusethefacilities?Imgoingtomyprivateoffice.3.中西方忌讳的对象不完全相同，有时采取不带讳饰的意译。,10.5讳饰,1）Heputthedogtosleep.2)他先她而去了。,10.6呼告,保留原文中的强烈的抒情效果，直译1）Andlove,youngmen,loveandveneratetheideal.2)Oyoukindgods,Curethisgreatbreachinhisabusednature!3)Exult,Oshores!Andring,Obells!,10.6呼告,4)只要有无边的大地只要有无涯沧海骏马啊，任你奔腾白鸥啊，任你翻飞5）残雪啊，你是丑恶势力决不甘心退隐的明证；也是它摆脱不掉败亡命运的象征。,10.7反语,1，为保留讽刺效果，直译1)Yougavehergoodadvice,andbrokeherheart.Thatwasthebeginningofyourreformation.2)Youandthegirlsmaygo,oryoumaysendthembythemselves,whichperhapswillbestillbetter,forasyouareashandsomeasanyofthem,Mr.Bingleymightlikeyouthebestoftheparty.,10.7反语,3)你感冒了？叫你多穿点你不听，我还以为你真的不怕冷呢！4)当她听说自己被解雇了，她生气地说：“好极了！”2，若直译会引起误解时，采用意译。1）瞧瞧你干的好事。2）TheFrenchandtheEnglishweresoardentaboutartthattheysenttheirarmiestosearchforinvaluablepaintingsandsculpturesallaroundtheworld.,10.8排比,1.直译保留原文排比的感染力和气势，译文采取排比的形式。1)Voltairewagedthesplendidkindofwarfare.Thewarofthoughtagainstmatter,thewarofreasonagainstprejudice,thewarofthejustagainsttheunjust.2)Theyknowtheirundergroundlaborisagameofchance;arollofthedice;aspinofthewheel.,3)在这里，他比不上一盏街灯；比不上橱窗里的一个仿古花瓶；比不上挂在壁上的一副乱涂的油画；比不上掠身而过的一身紫色的衣裙；比不上眼上的蓝圈，血似的红唇；更比不上牵在女士们手中的那条小狗。,4）我不相信天是蓝的；我不相信雷的回声；我不相信梦是假的；我不相信死无报应。,2.为避免单调枯燥，译文适当调整，更具文采。1）Theyarerich;theyarefamous;theyaresurroundedbytheworldsmostbeautifulwomen.Theyaretheworldstopfashiondesignersandtrendsetters.,2)在台湾，每当我想起我的故乡，我就一定会想起那座无名的小山，一定会想起那株古老的榕树，也就一定会想起似乎还依然挂在那树梢上的我的风筝。,10.9设问,1.直译1）ShallIcomparetheetoasummersday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.2)Andwhoisitthatdeceivesthestate?Surelythemanwhospeaksnotwhathethinks.,3)你知道中国最有名的人是谁？提起此人，人人皆晓，处处闻名。4）有的领导哪点水平高于群众？只是多了后台这两个字。,10.10反问,1.直译1）Whystandwehereidle?Whatisitthatgentlemenwish?Whatwouldtheyhave?2)Cantyoujustleavemealone?3)你的心过去是苦的，你怎么能闻到红叶的香味？4）谁愿意和手上有同志鲜血的人握手呢？,10.11借代,1.名词前加简单的说明，或用注释说明，或用意译。1）Uponmyword,Basil,Ididntknowyouweresovain;andIreallycantseeanyresemblancebetweenyou,withyourruggedstrongfaceandyourcoal-blackhair,andthisyoungAdonis,wholooksasifhewasmadeoutofivoryandrose-leaves.,2)PoorCharlie!Ofallthegirlsintheworld,heshouldhavefalleninlovewiththedaughterofaJudas!3)HerfriendswonderedhowshecouldgetalongsowellwiththismodernDonQuixote.4)她是我们学校的林妹妹。5)你说小王的女朋友？人家就是西施啊！6)他一进大门，就听见有人说：“秦桧来了!”,05年曲阜师范大学研究生外国语言学及应用语言学试题VTranslation.(20)哈佛大学一向重视对中国的研究。贵校已故的费正清教授，就是毕生从事中国历史文化研究的知名学者。为了有助于研究中国的历史和现实，我愿向贵校赠送一套新出版的毛泽东评点二十四史。二十四史是记载中国几千年历史的重要典籍。毛泽东先生对二十四史做过许多点评和批注，为认识中国的历史和吸取历史经验，留下了丰富的思想遗产。,综合练习,I翻译词组：1，asstupidasanowl2,ascrossastwosticks3,aslikeastwopeas4,asnimbleasasquirrel5,asdrunkasalord6,likeahenwithonechick,7,likeahundredofbricks8,likeashot9,likegreasedlightning10,likeoldboots,Asblindasanowl瞎透了Asdrunkasaboiledowl烂醉如泥Asgraveasanowl板起面孔CarryowlstoAthens多此一举Flywiththeowl习惯夜间活动Nightowl夜游神Taketheowl发火,II英汉段落对译,Certainly,thefirstsearchlightthatwavedaboveLondonlikeaswordwaswonderfulLateron,Londonsentforthahundredsuchli