美国历史英语简介ppt.ppt

welcome,HistoryoftheUnitedStates,Introduction,TheDiscoveryofAmericaTheWarofIndependenceTheAmericanCivilWarWestwardExpansionTheGreatDepression,IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture,TheDiscoveryofAmerica,ColumbusIn1492,ColumbuslandedatoneoftheCaribbeanislands.ColumbuscalledthelocalpeopleIndians.,IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture,AmerigoVespucci阿美利哥韦斯普奇（意大利航海家，商人，美洲新大陆以其命名为America）,Hefirstconfirmedthefactthatanewcontinenthadbeendiscovered.TheNewWorldwasnamedAmericatohonorAmerigoVespucci.,IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture,TheFirstPermanentEnglishColony,In1607ThreeshipscrossedtheAtlanticOceanandlandedbythesideofariver-theJamesRiver.ThefirstEnglishcolonywasfoundedatJamestown,Virginia.,IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture,TheFoundingoftheThirteenColonies,Duringthefirst150years,theBritishcoloniesinNorthAmericabecamea“meltingpot”.Bytheearly1760s,Englishsettlershadestablished13coloniesalongtheAtlanticcoast.,IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture,TheBirthoftheUnitedStates,TheConflictbetweenBritainandtheAmericanColonistsTheWarofIndependence,IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture,TheConflictbetweenBritainandtheAmericanColonists,BackgroundTheBritishgovernmentstartedimposingnewtaxesonsugar,coffeeandtextiles(纺织业).TheypassedmanylawssuchastheQuarteringActandtheStampAct(印花税法).,IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture,BostonTeaParty波士顿倾茶事件,BackgroundIn1773,Britishgovernmentpassedanewlaw-theTeaAct.Slogan“Notaxationwithoutrepresentation”TimeDecember16,1773EventAgroupofAmericansthrew342boxesofteaintoBostonHarbour(波士顿港）.,IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture,TheWarofIndependence,TimeOnOctober19,1781ResultTheBritishsoldierswereforcedtosurrender.ConsequencesGeorgeWashingtonbecamethefirstPresident.The4thofJulybecamethenationalholidayofAmerica-theIndependenceDay.,IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture,CompleteaTimeline,1763:TheFrenchandIndianWarended1773:_1774:TheFirstContinentalCongress1775:_1776:_1781:_,BostonTeaParty/TeaAct,TheWarofIndependencebegan,DeclarationofIndependencewasadopted,TheWarofIndependenceended,IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture,TheDeclarationofIndependence,OnJuly4,1776theSecondContinentalCongressofficiallydeclaredindependenceandformedtheUnitedStatesofAmericabyadoptingtheDeclarationofIndependence,writtenbyThomasJefferson（托马斯杰斐逊）ofVirginia.(July4iscelebratedasthenationsbirthday.),WestwardExpansion“ManifestDestiny”西进运动,1.ThehardshipofearlypioneersettlersOregonTrail(俄勒冈小道)Thetriponfoottookfourtosixmonths.,CaliforniaGoldRush加州淘金者,PeopletraveledtoCaliforniainthesearchforquickriches.Thenumberofwestwardmigrantsmultiplied.,TheAmericanCivilWar南北战争,Northernvs.SouthernAbrahamLincoln,IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture,Northernvs.Southern,ThreesignificantconflictsbetweentheNorthandSouthofAmerica.TheslaveproblemDifferenteconomicinterestsThepoliticalconflictMajorissueSlavery,IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture,Northernvs.Southern,TheSouthernstatesClaimedforthemselvestheConfederateStates(ortheConfederacy)Slaverycontinued,TheNorthernStatesFoughttomaintaintheUnionCalledtheUnionStatesSlaveryhadbeenabolished,IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture,Northernvs.Southern,Manufacturing,Continued,Less,TheUnion,IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture,AbrahamLincoln,March1861-tooktheofficeofthepresident.April12,1861-theCivilWarbegan.September22,1862-issuedtheEmancipationProclamationwhichgrantedfreedomtoabout4millionslaves.MadeafamousspeechinGettysburg.,IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture,TheCivilWar,onApril9,1865TheCivilWarofficiallyendedwiththeunconditionalsurrenderoftheSouth.ConsequenceItresolvedtwofundamentalissues:Slaverywascompletelyabolished;Americabecameasingleandstrongernation.,IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture,TheGreatDepression,InOctober1929,thestockmarketcrashed,marketingthebeginningoftheGreatDepression.Duringthistime,theUnitedStatesexperienceddeflation,unemploymentsoaredfrom3%in1929to25%in1933,andmanufacturingoutputcollapsedbyone-third.,DorotheaLangesMigrantMother,depictsdestitutepeapickersinCalifornia,FranklinRooseveltandtheNewDeal罗斯福新政,HooversresponsetothedepressionPresidentandMrs.Roosevelt“Firstofall,letmeassertmyfirmbeliefthattheonlythingwehavetofearisfearitselfnameless,unreasoning,unjustifiedterrorwhichparalyzesneededeffortstoconvertretreatintoadvance.”,FDRandtheEarlyPhasesoftheNewDealTobringimmediaterelieftothosewhoweresufferingPublicWorksAdministrationCivilWorksAdministrationTobringtheeconomybacktoprosperityAgriculturalAdjustmentAdministrationTennesseeValleyAuthorityToputsafeguardsinplacesothatthesamesituationwouldnotoccuragainFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionTheSecondNewDealTheNewDealdidnotpullthenationoutoftheGreatDepressionHowever,itdidsubstantiallyimprovethelivesofmillionsofpeopleforboththeshorttermandthelongterm.TheprogramsoftheNewDealwouldhelpstabilizethecountryandbringhopetomillions.,USintheSecondWorldWars,AfterWorldWarIIBecamethestrongestpowerintheworld,IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCulture,WorldWarII,IsolationismandNeutralityFirsttheycameforthecommunists,andIdidntspeakoutbecauseIwasntacommunist.Thentheycameforthetradeunionists,andIdid