美国文学史课件6-Ezra-Pound.ppt

ModernAmericanLiterature,1900-1945现代主义,Historicalbackground,TwoworldwarsThegreatdepression(1929-1933)McCarthyismGerman:KarlMarxandNietzscheAustrian:SigmundFreudFrenchImpressionismGermanExpressionismandCubism,DefinitionofModernism,Duringthefirstdecadesofthe20thcenturymodernismbecameaninternationaltendencyinartandliterature.ItbeganinGermanyinthe1890s,andspreadworldwide,andendedintheearly1940s.Itincludedawiderangeofartisticexpressionssuchassymbolism,impressionism,post-impressionism,imagism,expressionismandsoon.,Thedistinctivefeatureofliterarymodernismwasitsstrongandconsciousbreakwithtraditionalforms,perceptionsandtechniquesofexpression,anditsgreatpreferencetoitsownlanguageandallaspectsofitsmedium.,1.Modernisminliteratureisnoteasilysummarized,butthekeyelementsareexperimentation,anti-realism,individualismandastressonthecerebralratherthanemotiveaspects.2.TheworkofModernistwritersischaracterizedbyshowingthedisenchantment幻想破灭,dislocation紊乱,andalienation疏远ofmenintheworld,andbytheemphasisonexperimentationandformalismandobjectivismwhichare,inmostcases,areactiontothecataclysm激变主义knownastheModernAge.,EzraPound1885-1972,埃兹拉庞德,BackgroundKnowledgeTheSchoolsofAmericanModernismImagismRepresentativesoftheModernPoetryEzraPound,Outline,HisLife,HisWorks,HisContribution,HisPoems,Questions,1.ImagismcameintobeinginBritainandU.Saround1910asareactiontothetraditionalEnglishpoetrytoexpressthesenseoffragmentationanddislocation.2.Theimagists,withEzraPoundleadingtheway,holdthatthemosteffectivemeanstoexpressthesemomentaryimpressionsisthroughtheuseofonedominantimage.,II.Imagism(1909-1917),T.E.Hulme:休姆，establishedaclubcalled“soho”thatisusedtodiscusstheFormofnewpoetrysoastoRecordmomentaryimpressions.,ThethreeprinciplesoftheImagists,(1)Directtreatment(2)Economyofexpression(3)“Freeverse,III.TheRepresentativesoftheModernPoetryEzraPound(1885-1972)T.S.Eliot(1888-1965)WallaceStevens(1879-1955)华莱士史蒂文斯WilliamCarlosWilliams(1883-1963)威廉卡洛斯威廉斯RobertFrost(1874-1963)罗伯特弗罗斯特E.E.Cummings(1894-1963)依依肯明斯,LifeofPoundBorninIdahoin1885andraisedinPennsylvania,EzraPoundspentmostofhislifeinEuropeandbecameoneofthe20thcenturysmostinfluential-andcontroversial-poetsintheEnglishlanguage.Poundwasundoubtedlyagenius.Beforehegraduatedfromuniversity,hehadmastered9languagesaswellasEnglishgrammarandliterature.AftercollegeinPennsylvaniaandabrief,EzraPound,stayasateacher,in1908PoundtraveledtoVeniceandthentoLondon,whereherefinedhisaestheticsensibilitiesandeditedtheanthologyDesImagistes意象派诗选(1914).In1914hemarriedDorothyShakespeare.PoundsponsoredthelikesofT.S.Eliot,RobertFrost,EarnestHemingway,WilliamCarlosWilliamsandJamesJoyceand,influencedbyChineseandJapanesepoetry,advocatedfreemeterandamoreeconomicaluseofwordsandimagesinpoeticexpression,leadingtheImagistMovementofpoetry.,HemovedtoParisin1920andgotacquaintedwithGertrudeSteinandhercircleoffriends(whichincludedErnestHemingwayandPabloPicasso巴勃罗毕加索),thensettledinItalyin1924.EnamoredwithBenitoMussolini,Poundmadeanti-AmericanradiobroadcastsduringWorldWarII.Hewasarrestedasatraitorin1945andinitiallyconfinedinPisa.HewasthensenttotheU.S.,wherehewasdeemedmentallyunfittostandtrialfortreason.,Poundwasconfinedfor12yearsinahospital(actuallyprison)forthecriminallyinsaneinWashington.DuringthistimehetranslatedworksofancientGreekandancientChineseliterature.Whileinprison,hewasawardedaprestigiouspoetryprizein1949forhislastCantos.BollingenAwardforPoetry博林根诗歌奖ispresentedbyAmericanCongressLibrarywithT.E.EliotandRobertFrostasjudges.In1958hereturnedtoItaly,wherehecontinuedtowriteandmaketranslationsuntilhediedin1972.,HomagetoSextusPropertius向塞克斯图斯普罗佩提乌斯致敬HughSelwynMauberley休赛尔温毛伯利ALumeSpento灯火熄灭之时Personae人物TheSpiritofRomance罗曼斯精神,2.Hisworks,Exultations(1909)狂喜Cathay(1915)译著华夏TheABCReading(LiteraryEssay)TheCantos诗章ThePisanCantos比萨诗章,3.Poems,AVirginal处女无暇SalutationtheSecond再次致敬APact合同InaStationoftheMetro在巴黎地铁站TheRiver-MerchantsWife:ALetter长干行,4.Hismasterpiece:TheCantosInthispoem,hetracestheriseandfallofeasternandwesternempires,thedestructioncausedbygreedandmaterialism.HedeploresthecorruptionofAmericaaftertheheroictimeofJefferson,Thelastpart,producedfromhisownsuffering,isthemostmoving.,5.Hiscontribution,Poundwrote70booksandover1500articlesinhislife.HismajorworkofpoetryisTheCantos,alongpoemwhichhewroteinsectionsbetween1915and1945.,AEstablishedImagismwithBritishpoetT.E.Hulmein1908;BSuggested3principlesforImagismwithRichardAldingtonandHildaDoolittleCSponsoredVorticismwithpainterWindhamLewisin1914;DLeadingroleinpoeticrenovationandrenaissanceinthefirst25yearsofthe20thcenturyEFatherofmodernAmericanpoetry,AChineseimagisticpoetry:AutumnEveningcrowsperchonoldtreeswreathedwithwitheredvine,Waterofastreamflowsbyafamilycottagenearatinybridge.Aleanhorsewalksonanancientroadinwesternbreeze,Thesunissettinginthewest,Theheart-brokenoneisattheendoftheEarth.天净沙秋思马致远枯藤、老树、昏鸦，小桥、流水、人家，古道、西风、瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。,6.SelectedPoems,SelectedPoems,InaStationoftheMetro在地铁站内Theapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd;Petalsonawet,blackbough.人群中幽然浮现的一张张脸庞，黝黑的湿树枝上的一片片花瓣。人群幽容飘忽黝湿枝上疏花,The“Metro”istheundergroundrailwayofParis.Theword“apparition”,withitsdoublemeaning,bindsthetwoaspectsoftheobservationtogether:Apparitionmeaning“appearance”,inthesenseofsomethingwhichappears,orshowsup;somethingwhichcanbeclearlyobserved.Apparitionmeaningsomethingwhichseemsrealbutperhapsisnotreal;somethingghostlywhichcannotbeclearlyobserved.,长干行（李白）,妾发初覆额，折花门前剧。郎骑竹马来，绕床弄青梅。同居长干里，两小无嫌猜。十四为君妇，羞颜未尝开。低头向暗壁，千唤不一回。十五始展眉，愿同尘与灰。常存抱柱信，岂上望夫台。十六君远行，瞿塘滟滪堆。五月不可触，猿鸣天上哀。门前迟行迹，一一生绿苔。苔深不能扫，落叶秋风早。八月蝴蝶来，双飞西园草。感此伤妾心，坐愁红颜老。早晚下三巴，预将书报家。相迎不道远，直至长风沙。,ThispoemisaboutPoundsevaluationonWhitman.PoundstartedtofindsomeagreementbetweenWhitmanesquefreeverse,whichhehadattackedforitscarelessnessincomp