名词性从句教师版

名词性从句复习学案一、 基本概念：1. 名词性从句相当于名词，主要有：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。2名词性从句的引导词有：that, whether, if (一般是宾语从句)，as if(表语从句)，who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how,以及由how组成的词组， 如：how many, how long, how far3. 语序名词性从句都用陈述语序；但what is the matter和what is wrong总用疑问语序，但时态要和主句搭配。e. g. : He asked me what was the matter.两组需要注意的连接词: that/what:that和what都可以引导名词性从句，但_that_是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何成份；_what_是连接代词，不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成份，如主语、宾语或表语。e.g.: That he stole a bike was true. The important thing is what you do, but not what you say. 【练一练】: _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what whether/ifwhether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换，除此之外: a. 在介词后面只能用whether，不能用if。e.g.: This depends upon whether we are determined to do it.b. 在动词不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用if。e.g.: He doesnt know whether to stay or not.c. 引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句时只能用whether。e.g.: It is unknown whether he will come. 他是否来还不知道。 The question is whether they can take our advice. The question whether hell come is unknown.d. 与or not 连用，只能用whethere.g.: I dont know whether or not they will come for our help.e. 在及物运动discuss后的宾语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if。 e.g.: We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan. whether/thatdoubt用于肯定结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用whether引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether引导的名词性从句。 e.g.：We doubt whether he can win the game.【练一练】:1. What the doctor is uncertain about is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A. when B. how C. whether D. why2. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth. A. 不填 B. whether C. how D. what3. The question is _the film is worth seeing.A. if B. what C. whether D. how 4. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if who和whoever名词性从句中，who含有疑问语气，而whoever强调任意性。I dont know who is suitable for the position.You may select whoever you think is suitable. Whoever,whatever 和whicheverWhoever,whatever和whichever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导状语从句。判断下列句子是哪种从句。Whoever says that is a liar. She can marry whoever she chooses. Whoever says so, it is wrong.Whatever he does is right. Take whatever magazine you want to read. Whatever happens, I will stand by you. 名Whichever cell phone you buy in this store,there is a six-month guarantee. Whichever cell phone you buy in this store is of good quality. that 省略情况a. 引导宾语从句可以省略b. 引导两个或两个以上宾语从句，只可以省略第一个thatc. 引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般不省略二、从句应用及注意事项：（一） 主语从句：1.充当主语的句子即主语从句，请找出下列各句的主语： That he will come is certain. Which team will win the match is a matter of public concern.2.名词性从句的单复数：用一个句子做主语时谓语动词用单数：e.g.: What you said is always right. 主语连接的是两个或者两个以上的从句时，谓语动词用复数e.g.：What we will start and where we will go have not decided yet. 主语连接的是两个或两个以上的连接词时，谓语动词用单数。e.g.：When and where we will go has not decided yet. 3.形式主语：主语较长时，多在句子的后面，用it为形式主语。主要句型有： It + be + adj + that e.g.：It is possible that he told her everything. （很可能他告诉她一切了。）It + be + n + that e.g.：It is no surprise that our team should have won the game. （我们赢得比赛不吃惊）It + vi. +that / It + be + vt. + that e.g.：It is reported that Jack drives badly. (据说Jack驾驶的很糟糕)It seems that Alice is not coming to the party. （似乎Alice不来派对了） 主语从句that不能省略。（二）表语从句1. 表语从句放在系动词之后，请找出下列各句的表语：The truth is that I have never been there.It looks as if it were going to rain.2. as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。如： It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door(听上去好像有人在敲门。) At that time，it seemed as though I couldnt think of the right word (当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。)（三）宾语从句1. 宾语从句常放在谓语和介词之后, 请找出下列各句的宾语： Do you think my clothes fit well? Are you sorry for what youve done? I am sure that hes at home now. 2时态一致原则 如果主句谓语动词为现在时或将来时，从句中的谓语可以不受影响，根据具体的情况定。e.g.：Has he told you when he received the gift？Will you tell me how you two are getting along？ 如果主语谓语动词为过去时，从句谓语一般要跟着改为相应的过去式。e.g.：I didnt know where they lived.I asked him how long he had been waiting.当宾语从句表示永恒真理时谓语可以不变 e.g.：This proved that the earth is round.3形式宾语.宾语较长时，多放在句子的后面，用it为形式宾语。e.g.: We thought it strange that Mike did not come yesterday. （我们觉得Mike昨天没来很奇怪。）4. 否定前移:在“主语+ believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的结构中，其否定形式要用否定转移，即主句否定，从句肯定。e.g.:I dont think he will come.（我认为他不会来。）I dont believe that they will get married soon.（我认为他们不会很快结婚。） 否定前移的条件： 主句主语是第一人称 常需要前移的词：think, believe, suppose, except, fancy, consider不能使用否定前移的情况: think 等动词前有副词或者表示强调的do 时：e.g.: I do think that he is not fair.（我的确认为他不公平。） think 等词和其他词构成并列的谓语时： e.g.: I think and hope that he wont cheat at cards.（我认为并且希望他考试不会作弊） think 作为插入语时 e.g.: His decision is not wise, I think. 名词性从句的虚拟语气问题:1. 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气(should) +do,常用的句型有: It +be +adj.+ that (很必要、重要、自然、奇怪等)It is necessary/important/ natural/strange that. It +be +n. +that (很可惜、很遗憾、难怪) It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder/that. It+ be + P.P.+ that（根据建议，根据要求，希望）It is suggested/requested/proposed/desired that.表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,常用的这类动词有suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等。 e.g.: I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 3. 主语是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表示建议、请求、要求、决定等意思的词时,表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should) +do。 e.g.: His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question. 4. 表示建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等意思的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should)+do。 e.g.: They received orders that the work (should) be done at once.5. 两个特例：insist和suggest, 请用正确的动词形式填写下列空白处。 I insisted to everyone that he was wrong I insisted that he should go to see my father Her expression suggested that she was angry I suggested that she should leave early for the airport（四）同位语从句1. 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，常见的抽象名词有 fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear等，请找出下列句子的同位语从句： We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun. Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time. The question who will take his place is still not clear.2. 同位语从句和定语从句：请判断以下两句各是什么从句？ He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.同位语从句 The suggestion that he had put forward was turned down. 定语从句同位语从句：说明内容，that是不是从句中的一个成分？ 不是定语从句：说明性质和特征，that是不是从句中的一个成分？ 是三、高考名词性从句规律性总结规律一: that 引导陈述句作主语从句，that 只起连接作用，在从句中不充当成分, that 不能省（除宾语从句）.规律二: that 在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分; what 在引导名词性从句时，充当成分, 如:主语,宾语,表语 what = something that; all that /everything that; the + n. + that 规律三: 主语从句,宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助“it”而后置。规律四:名词从句中须使用陈述语序！规律五:主句谓语动词是过去时态，从句也必须使用过去相应的时态。规律六:下列情况下，用whether而不用 if ：（1）主语从句或宾语从句置于句首时； （2）前面有介词； （3）引导表语从句、同位语从句时； （4）与or not连用（5）动词 discuss 后的宾语从句中规律七: whoever = anyone who + 定语从句 whomever=anyone whom +定语从句What/whatever , when / whenever , where / wherever 的含义基相同，只是后者比前者语气更重。在意义上也有细微差别： whatever 含义为 anything that；whenever 含义为 any time when ；wherever 含义为 any place where 规律八:that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别: （1）that 引导定语从句时, 是关系代词,做主语或宾语 （2）that 引导同位从句时,是连词,不做成分,只起连接作用,that不能省. 如：idea, news, promise, fact、thought、reply、report、question、hope、word、suggestion、doubt 等用来表示它们的具体内容, 引导词有连词that, 副词how, when, where等。名词性从句专项练习50题1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C.the fact that D.the fact2.Is Mary from New York City? I dont know _.A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she comeC. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from3._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I got B. because of getting C. I gotD. that I got5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for 6. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _.A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he didD. he has done so 7. Have you seen Henry lately? My boss wants to know _.A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever9. He asked me _ with me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wasC. what was the matter D. what trouble it is10. I am sure _ he said is true.A. thatB. about thatC. of thatD. that what11. When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not knownB. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee12.I wonder how much _.A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch costedD. the watch costs13. Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for14._ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late15. They came to the conclusion _ by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. forB. becauseC. sinceD. that17. I dont doubt _ hell come.A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether18.Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang? Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to.A. which the roomB. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved _.A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earns21._ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. That.whatB. What.that C. That.which D. What.which22. We gave him _ help we could.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. this23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A. thatB. whichC. all whatD. all that 24. Excuse me would you please tell me _?A. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to know _?A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his26. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observed B. how what you have observedC. that you have observed D. how that you have observed27. Where do you think _?A. has he gone B. has he been C. hes gone D. was he28. Do you know _?A. how many populations there are in the world?B. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see _ outside?A. what to take place B. what Tom has happenedC. what is happening D. what the matter had been30. The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. is_.A. what B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I31._? I think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he isC. Whom do you think he is D. Do you think who he is32. He didnt know which room _.A. they livedB. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what34. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be35. My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what D. all what36._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does37._ was the idea _ the wife thought of?A. What.that B. That.what C. How.why D. Why.how38._ did he tell his wife _ he wished to do?A. That.what B. What.that C. Where.which D. Which.where 39.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what thatB. that what C. that which D. which that40. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.A. if B. that C. whether D. which41.Do you know _? His father is a doctor.A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. who his father is 42. Is this _ we met each other two years ago?A. place B. place in which C. where D. place which43. It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks thatB. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that44.We all know the truth _ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. whereB. whereverC. thatD. that wherever 45. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A. if B. that C. what D. whether46. She asked _.A. what I was doing when she rang me up B. what was I doing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doing D. when did she ring me up what I was doing47.- May I borrow the ring? -You can take _ you like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that 48. He said that he was fond of _.A. what beautiful is B. what is beautiful C. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful49. He insisted that he _ in good health and _ to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send50. Do you know _ he