外研版高一英语必修1精讲讲义(精)

.外研版英语必修一第一单元第一部分词汇短语过关1. _ adj. 热心的, 热情的 enthusiasm n. 热心;热情2. _ adj. 令人惊异的 _ v. 使吃惊 _ adj. 感到吃惊的 amazement n. 惊愕, 惊异3. _ n. 信息 inform vt. 通知, 告知4. _ n. 指示, 用法说明 instruct v.教导, 命令, 指示5. _ adj. 令人厌烦的 _ adj. (对某人 /事物 厌倦的, 烦闷的 _ vt. 使厌烦6. _ adj. 尴尬的, 难堪的 _ v. 使困窘, 使局促不安 _ adj. 令人为难的 embarrassment n. 窘迫;为难7. _ n. 行为, 举止 behave v. 举动, 举止8. _ n. 描述;形容;描写 describe vt. 描写, 记述9. _ vt. 使 (人 印象深刻;使铭记 _ n. 印象, 感想 impressive adj. 令人印象深刻 的10. _ n .纠正, 改正 correct adj.正确的 _ v .改正, 纠正, 批改11. _ v. 鼓励, 激励 _ adj. 鼓舞人心的 _ adj. 受到鼓舞的, 更有信心的 encouragement n. 鼓励, 奖励12. enjoyment n. 享受, 乐趣 _ v. 享受, 喜欢 _ adj. 令人愉快的, 有乐趣的 13. fluency n. 流利, 流畅 _ adj. 流利的, 流畅的14. _ adj. 失望的 _ adj. 使人失望的, 令人失望的 disappoint vt. 使失 望 _ n. 失望15. _ n. 助手, 助理 assist v.帮助短语检测1.与 相似2.某人对 (做 某事的态度3.离 远, 远非4.一点不像, 与 完全不同5.玩得很开心6.起初, 一开始7.换句话说 8.期待;盼望9.对 印象深刻 10.在 开始的时候 11.在 结束的时候 12.被 (划 分成 13.参加14.课外活动第二部分 语法精讲一 .because,since,as,for,because of的区别(语气由强到弱(1 because 表示的原因是必然的因果关系,语气最强,通常放在主句之后,有时也放在主句之前。(2 回答 why 提出的问题,只能用 because, 不能用其余三者。如:A :Why cant I go?我为什么不能去?B :Because you are too young. 因为你太年轻了。(3 because 引导的从句可用于强调句,其余三者不能。哪:Its because he is kind that we like him.是因为他对人友好,我们才喜欢他。(4 because 从句可用表语,其余三者不能。如:This is because the earth is travelling round the sun.这是因为地球在围绕太阳转。(5 not because 这一结构中的 not 有时否定主句,有时否定从句,一般应根据句子的意思作出正确的 (合 逻辑的 理解。若 not 否定主句,最好在 because 之前用逗号,否则容易引起歧义:I didnt go because I was afraid.1 我没有去是因为我怕。2 我不因为怕才去。不过若 because 之前有 just 修饰,一般认为 not 只能否定从句。如:You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 不要因为有些人说你的坏话而生气。 (6 表示 的原因是因为 这一意义时,一般要用 The reason whyis that 。如:The reason why he cannot come is that he is ill. 他不能来的原因是 (因为 他病了。注:在阅读中有时也可见到 The reason why.is because.这样的说法,但比较少见。2. 关于 since 和 as(1 since 和 as 表示的原因是人们所知的,是对已知事实提供理由,而不表示直接原因。 since 比 as 语气稍 强,且比 as 略为正式,两者通常都放在主句之前,有时也放在主句之后。如:Since you feel tired, you should rest. 既然你感到累了,你应该休息。As he was not will, I decided to go without him. 因为你身体不好,我决定独自去。(2 since 可用于省略句,而其它三者不能。如:Since so, there is no more to be said. 既然如此,就再没有什么好说的了(3 since 因为 , 既然 侧重主句,主句表示显然的或已知的理由。强调说话者和听者双方都知道的原因,常 译为 既然 ,一般用在这样的句子里。例如:Since weve got a few minutes to wait for the train, lets have a cup of coffee.(4 as 是从属连词,说明一般的因果关系,语气比 because 弱,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句通常放 在句首,有时也可放在句末。例如:As it is raining, youd better take a taxi.天下雨了,你最好乘出租车。3. 关于 for(1 for是并列连词 (其作三者为从属连词 , 它有时可表示因果关系 (只能放在主句之后, 且可与 because 换用 , 有时不表示因果关系,而是对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断 (也只能放在主句之后,但不能与 because 换 用 。如:The ground is wet, for (或 because it rained last night. 地面是湿的,因为昨晚下过雨。It rained last night, for (不能用 because the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚下过雨, (你看 今天早上地面都是 湿的。(2 for 因为 , 由于 表明附加或推断的理由, 引导的分句前常有逗号。 for 分句不放句首 . 是用来附带解释或说 明前一分句的原因和理由。例如:Day breaks, for the cock crows.It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.I wont go in, for my father is there.(5 because of是介词短语,在句子作状语,后面只能跟名词,代词,或者 what 引导的从句。Because of my bad leg ,I couldnt walk so fast as the others.由于我的腿坏了 我不能像其他人走得那么快。 置于句首做状语 但用逗号与其他部分分开Because of his wifes being there, I said nothing about it.因为他妻子在场 我对此事只字未提。 (接 -ing 分词 He realized that she was crying because of what he had said.他意识到她在哭是因为他说的那些话。 (接 what 从 句 练习:用 because,since,as,for,because of填空1.Why do you like the teacher?-_he is kind and enthusiastic.2.It was _ his mother was ill that he came to school late this morning.3. _it is hot,lets go swimming4. Parents should take seriously their children requests for sunglasses_eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.5. _ he cant answer the question,youd better ask someone else.6.He realized that the teacher was angry _what he had said.7. _I havent seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it.8.The days are short,for _it is now December.改错1.They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.2.Because the help you gave me that summer, my life changed.二 .be similar to:与 . 相似The weather of Beijing is similar to that of New York北京的天气与纽约的天气很相似Be different from与 . 不同。Their tastes are different from mine他们的爱好与我的不同。(1 Your views on education are similar _mine.A in B to C from D with(2I saw no difference in Paris. Its just like our Shanghai.A similar B likely C like D samebe similar in在 . 方面相似 The two house are similar in size.翻译:(1她在很多方面与她妈妈相似(2他的外套和你的相似。三 . ed 形容词和 ing 形容词的用法区别传统的观点许多参考书认为:-ing 形容词与表示事物的名词连用, -ed 形容词与表示人的名词连用。此说法 在很多情况下是可行的,但表述欠准确,在许多情况下却是不可靠的。如 -ing 形容词用于人的情况就比比 皆是 :假若你的老师说话幽默 、 讲课生动 , 那么不仅他的课非常 interesting , 而且你会说他是一个 interesting man(有趣的人 。比较:Im interested in interesting people. 我对有趣的人感兴趣。He was worried about his worrying son. 他为他令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。He was annoyed with the annoying person. 他对这个讨厌的人很生气。另一方面, -ed 形容词用于指物的情况也不少见。比较并体会:a frightened look 害怕的表情 (指带有这种 表情 的人感到害怕 a frightening look 吓人的表情 (指这种 表情 令人害怕 an excited talk 心情激动的谈话 (指 谈话 的人心情激动 an exciting talk 令人激动的谈话 (指听 谈话 的人心情激动 由于传统的观点说得太绝对,有时做起题来还可能会因此掉入命题人的陷阱_ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _?A. What, interesting B. What, interestedC. How, interesting D. How, interested正确的观点关于 -ing 形容词与 -ed 形容词的区别,比较准确的表述应该是:1. 以后缀 ed 结尾的形容词 (如 ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried 等 通常用于说明人,不用于说明事物,即使它们所修饰的名词是事物,那它们指的也是与该事物 相关的人。如:He had a pleased smile on his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。He told me the news in a very excited voice.他声音很激动地告诉了我这个消息。第一句中的 a pleased smile 意为 满意的微笑 ,它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑;第二句中的 a very excited voice 指的是 很激动的声音 ,即指的是某人因很激动而发生那样的声音。 原则上 , -ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人 , 若修饰事物 , 则多为 air(神态 , appearance(外貌 , cry(哭声 , face(表 情 , voice(声音 , mood(情绪 , mood(等显示某人的情感状况的名词。2. 以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词 (如 delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等 主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如: The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。请再比较并体会以下句子:He is frightened. 他很害怕。 He is frightening. 他很吓人。He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。学练结合请做做以下试题,看你是否能克服原来的思维定势,能否跳出命题人的陷阱:1. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _.A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry2. The little boy isnt getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son _, she feels very _.A. disappointing;worrying B. disappointing;worriedC. disappointed;worried D. disappointed;worrying3. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, _.A. safe but tired B. safely but tired C. safe and tiring D. safely and tiring4. As we all know, typing is a _ job to a _ heart.A. tired; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tired D. tiring; tiring5. Poor boy! His_ looks and _hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful; trembling B. frightened; tremblingC. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembly说明主语因 而产生的情绪反应,从而影响到人的身体部位 trembling 。 ed 形式及常见短语与 ing 形式形容词归纳excited (be d about / excitingsurprised (be d at /surprisingamazed (be d at /amazing embarrassed(be ed in /embarrassing encouraged(be ed at / by / encouraging frustrated (be d of / frustratinginterested (be ed in / interestingthrilled (be ed at / thrillingterrified (be terrified at/ of / with / terrifying pleased (be d with / pleasing, = pleasant satisfied(be satisfied with / satisfying frightened (be ed at / of / frightening tired (be d of / tiringbored (be d with / boringrelaxed (无固定搭配 / relaxing fascinated (be d by / fascinating annoyed (be ed with / annoying moved (be d by / movingworried (be worried about / worrying confused (be confused about / confusing练习:一 用括号内所给动词的 -ed 形式或 -ing 形式填空1. The children were _after the trip. (tire 2. The trip was_. (tire 3. The _children went to bed early after the trip. (tire 4. The _trip lasted a whole day. (tire 5. The trip made the children_. (tire 6. The bad weather made the trip_. (tire 7. Toms parents are _ at his _ results of the exams. (disappoint 8. _and angry, he left the meeting-room. (disappoint 9. It is _that he didnt pass the examination. (disappoint 10. When hearing the_ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were_to look at each other. (surprise 11. He was _ about his _ son. (worry 12. Im not _with his interpretation of this sentence. (satisfy 13. He was _with the _person. (annoy 14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a_ look on his face. (frighten 15. The situation here is _and we are_. (encourage 二 巩固练习:1. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _to arrive.(2008全国卷 I A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected2. Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? (2008上海高考 Terry? Never! He _ tents and fresh air!A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates3. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008山东高考 A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked4. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008福建高考 A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen5. Some of the people who _ to the party cant come now. (2008 烟台模拟 A. had been invited B. have been invited C. are invited D. invited6. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry7. The little boy isnt getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son _, she feels very _.A. disappointing; worrying B. disappointing; worried C. disappointed; worried D. disappointed; worrying 8. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, _.A. safe but tired B. safely but tired C. safe and tiring D. safely and tiring9. As we all know, typing is a _ job to a _ heart.A. tired; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tired D. tiring; tiring10. Poor boy! His_ looks and _hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful; trembling B. frightened; trembling C. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembly 11._ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _?A. What, interesting B. What, interested C. How, interesting D. How, interested四 . 倍数的三种表达法:1. Americans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many2. Paper produced every year is _ the worlds production of vehicles.A. the three weight of B. three times the weight of C. as three times heavy as D. three times as heavier as 3.With the help of the German experts, the factory produced _ cars in 1993 as the year before.A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as4. This ship measures _ that one.A. as twice as long B. as twice long as C. twice long as D. twice as long as5. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many as C. as twice as many D. twice as many五 impress v.使印象深刻(1 impression n. 印象;感想impressive adj. 给人留下深刻印象的(2 impress sb. with sth. 某物给某人留下印象be impressed by/with 对 印象深刻例 He impressed me with his wisdom=I was impressed with /by his wisdom他的智慧给我留下了深刻的印象。 (3impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人意识到重要性Her talent impressed itself on my mind她的才华在我心里印象深刻(4 make an good/bad impression on sb. 给 某人留下印象练习1.The headmaster _a very good impression on the parents at the meetingA got B took C made D did2.She impressed everyone_her beauty.A by B with C on D in3. 用适当的介词填空(1 The child impressed us_clever(2 The people present were all impressed _his sense of humor(3 The old mans word were deeply impressed _my memory用 impress 或其短语的正确形式填空(1 When I asked Mike what impressed him most about the hostess, he told me he was deeply _the hostess enthusiasm. I agreed that the hostess enthusiasm was really _ and it made a great _ me too.(2 I _Peter the importance of the meeting.六 .look forward to dong sth期盼着做某事。look back (on/to sth. 回想, 记起look on 旁观look out (for sb./sth. 小心, 当心, 留心 (某人或某物 仔细检查, 快速阅读 (某物 look sth. up 查阅, 向上看look up to sb. 赞赏 /尊敬某人look down on/upon 轻 视, 看不起调查Every child is looking forward to the Spring Festival. 每一个孩子都期盼着过年We are looking forward to seeing each other soon. 我们期盼着尽快看到彼此The day I have been looking forward to _soonA will come B come c came D comingThe day we had been looking forward to _ at last.A . come B . had come C . came D . coming根据语境用 look 短语填空(1 She _ her notes before the exam.(2 _Theres a car coming.(3 A working party has been set up to _the problem.(4 Can you _the time of the next train?七 .that ,it, one , ones, the one 与 the ones(those的区别(1 . it1 代替上文提到的名词,指代同一事物 (同名同物 ,不能带修饰语:-Do you want the magazine? -Yes , I want it.I dont want to drink the tea. It is too hot.2 it用作人称代词时, 可指已知的或暗含的事实或情况, 或用作形式主语 /宾语, 也可替代性别不明的婴儿。 Once the supermarket closes, it will mean that 200 workers will be laid off.No, she was not at home last night. What about it?It would be a pity to miss it.It is not worth getting upset.Its probable that well be a little late.I find it difficult to talk to you about anything serious.She thought it a waste of time arguing with him.George made it dear that he disagreed.2. one1代替上文中出现过的单数可数名词,表泛指(同类但不是同一前面可以有冠词或形容词, 也可以有 this 或 that 或 another ,但前不能有物主代词:I have 1ost my pen. Im going to buy one.This pen doesnt work. I must buy another one.I prefer this one to that one.比较:Im looking for a flat. Id like a small one with a garden.Im looking for a flat. Id like one with a garden.(不能说:. a one with a garden.2 one 作为不定人称代词 , 可泛指 任何一个人 ,有 ones 和 oneself 形式。多用于正式文体,口语中也可 用 he/his代替第二个 one/ones.One has to take care of oneself and ones family if he can.One shouldnt hesitate to correct his/ones mistakes.If one wants to see the ruins, he must find his own guide.(如果一个人想看那废墟 , 他必须找自己的向导。 One of the girl students hasnt handed in _ composition.A. ones B. his C. their D. her3. ones 是 one 的复数形式,常用来代替复数可数名词,表泛指,前面不用物主代词修饰,也不用 these 或 those 来直接修饰,除非 ones 前面有形容词:I have a new coat and several old ones.These yellow waistcoats are so small. I want those green ones.4 the one替代表特指的单数名词:Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best.Hand me my coat. Its the one hanging on the wall.Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me.5 the ones替代表特指的复数名词:Dont buyId like to try on the ones at the front of the window.Are they the ones who moved here recently?6. that 用来代替上下文中的名词,它表示与前面同类不同一的东西。 that 既可代替不可数名词,又可代替 单数可数名词,其后总有后置定语,一般不指人:2 指代可数名词时, that 相当于 the one3 若后置定语为 of 引起的介词短语,则通常用 that 。The price of wheat is higher than that of rice.The population of China is larger than that of Japan.7. those 是 that 的复数形式, 可用来替代可数名词的复数形式, 表示特指 ; 有时 the ones和 those 可互换使用, 常有后置定语:Students who do well in examinations are those the oneswho like to ask questions in class.观察并分析下列句子中的 one/ones:1 Im reading a new book these days , _ in English.A. it B. that C. one D. which2 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure. (02全国 35 A. that B. one C. it D. what3. My most famous relative of all, _ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather. (06江苏 22A. one B. the one C. he D. someone比较:1 Can you lend me a pen?Sorry. I havent gotCan I borrow your pen? Sorry , Im usingit.Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me.3 。1替代事物时,三者均可用;替代人时,只能用 the one。Who is her husband? The one by the window. (用 the one,替代人2 当有前置定语修饰时,只能用 the one。如:Which do you want? The red one.She would rather have the small one than the large one.3当有后置定语修饰时,通常用 the one。如:He said he would have the one near him. 他说要靠近他的那一个。Is that the one that was published recently? 是最近出版的那一种吗 ?4若后置定语为 of 引起的介词短语,则通常用 that 。5 those 来替代表特指的复数名词,尤其是当其后有 of 引导的介词短语或 who 引导的定语从句修饰时。 如:Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色光线波长的两倍 Those of you who wish to go on the trip may sign up here. 你们中间想参加这次游览的人可以在这里签名 His ideas are little different from those of his friends.6. 当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时,通常不宜用 one (s 来替代。如:Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? (不能说:. or tea ones? 但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰,可用 one (s 替代。如:We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones.练习:1. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A. this B. that C. it D. one2. -Do you like _ here?-Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.A. this B. these C. that D. it3. Im reading a new book these days , _ in English.A. it B. that C. one D. which4. Mr Green gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them.A. one B. the ones C. some D. the others5. Have you ever seen a snake alive ? Yes , Ive seen _.A. that B. so C. one D. it6. I prefer a street in a small town to _ in such a l