U1P1Warmingup.ppt

Unit1,Greatscientists,WarmingUp,1.Togetsomeinformationaboutsomefamousscientists2.Toknowthedefinition,thekindsandthecontributionofscientists3.TogetsomebasicinformationaboutJohnSnowandcholera,Letsdoaquizaboutgreatscientistsandfindoutwhoknowsthemost.,Namesomegreatscientistsyouknowathomeandabroad.,1.Whodiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?,anancientGreekmathematician抽水机)andturneditintoasteamenginefortakingwateroutofminesin1712.,ThomasNewcomen(1663-1729),British,4.Whousedpeas豌豆toshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren?,developedideasonheredity(遗传学)andinherited(继承,承传)characteristics,GregorMendel孟德尔(1822-1884),Czech（捷克人）,5.Whodiscoveredradium?,ShewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize,thefirstpersonandonlywomantowintwice.,MarieCurie(1867-1934)PolishandFrench,Thediscoveryofradiummeantthatshebegananewscientificareaofresearch.,6.Whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities?,ThomasEdison(1847-1931)Americaninventor,Inventions:,Phonograph留声机,Lightbulb电灯泡,Motionpicturecamera电影摄影机,7.Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?,LeonardodaVinci(1452-1519),Italianartist,masterpieces,8.Whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground?,SirHumphryDavy(1778-1829),British,thesafelampforminers,9.Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?,inventedthefirstseismograph地动仪,ZhangHeng(78-139),Chinese,10.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?,workedonastronomyandstudiedblackholesinspace,StephenHawking(1942-)Britishscientist,Hehasshownthatblackholesdonotonlyabsorbeverythingaroundthembut,fromtimetotime,throwoutmatteraswell.,11.Whodiscoveredartemisinin(alsoknownasqinghaosu)?,TuYouyou(1930-)Chinesescientist,SheisthefirstChineseNobellaureateinphysiologyormedicine,andthefirstfemalecitizenofthePeoplesRepublicofChinatoreceiveaNobelPrizeinanycategory,aswellasthefirstChinesepersontoreceivetheLaskerAward(拉斯克医学奖美国最具声望的生物医学奖项).,Whatisascientist?,Ascientistisapersonwhoexploresandexaminesaspectsofthephysicalworldtobetterunderstandhowtheyfunction.,Allscientistshavesometypeofspecialization(专门化),suchasthehumanbodyortheoceans,whichprovidesthemwithamoreformalandspecifictitle.,astronomer天文学家,biologist生物学家,computerscientist,forexample,Whataretheirformalandspecifictitles?,archaeologist考古学家,psychologist心理学家,geologists地质学家,physicist物理学家,biomedicalscientist生物医学家,Theyhelppeopleunderstandthewaytheworldworks.,Somescientificdiscoveriesbringgreatchangestotheworld.,Whyarescientistsimportanttothesociety?,Theyteachpeopletousethemethodsandprinciplesofscientificthinkingineverydaylife.,Theyplayanimportantpartinfightingagainstdisease.,Choleraistheillnesscausedbyabacterium(细菌)calledVibriocholerae.Itinfectspeoplesintestines(肠),causingdiarrhea(腹泻),vomitingandlegcramps(腿抽筋).Peopleevendiequicklyfromalossofliquid.,infecttopassadiseasetoaperson,animalorplant（疾病）传染，感染Allthetomatoplantsareinfectedwithavirus.所有的西红柿植株都染上了一种病毒。,Doyouknowcholera?,Sevencholerapandemicshaveoccurredinthepast200years.Letstakethethirdcholerapandemic(霍乱大流行)(18521860)asanexampletoseeits“power”.,Becauseofsomescientistsgreateffortsnowthecholeraisnotasseriousasthattime.Doyouknowwhomweshouldthank?,JohnSnow.,15March1813(York,UK),16June1858(London,UK),Epidemiology(流行病学)Hewasconsideredoneofthefathersofmodernepidemiology.,theadoptionofanesthesia(麻醉剂),Hedesignedachloroforminhaler(氯仿吸入器),describedinhisbook,OnChloroformandotherAnesthetics,publishedin1858.,Dr.Snowwasaprominentanesthesiologist(麻醉师),HowdidJohnSnowfindthecauseofthe