solar energy and solar photovoltaics in vietnam在越南的太阳能，太阳能光伏发电

ProposalGRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOLAR ENERGY,Le Chi HiepDirector, Program on Renewable Energy & Energy Conservation (VNU-HCM) United States - Vietnam Science and Technology Partnership WorkshopHo Chi Minh City, September 24, 2009,1. GENERAL INFORMATION AND DATA,VIETNAMPopulation 85.8 millions (2009)Area 332,000km2Capital Hanoi,Latitudes and Longitudes of several main provinces/cities in Vietnam,Mean Annual Sunshine Hours,North: 1800 2100 hours of sunshine a year, on average.South: 2000 2600 hours of sunshine a year, on average.,MONTHLY MEAN SUNSHINE HOURS (Hours/day) Location: HANOI (21o03N, 105o54E),MONTHLY MEAN SUNSHINE HOURS (Hours/day) Location: DANANG (16o03N, 108o12E),MONTHLY MEAN SUNSHINE HOURS (Hours/day) Location: HOCHIMINH City (10o45N, 106o41E),MONTHLY MEAN SOLAR RADIATION (kWh/m2/day) Location: HANOI (21o03N, 105o54E),Annual Mean Solar Radiation: 3.93kWh/m2/day,MONTHLY MEAN SOLAR RADIATION (kWh/m2/day) Location: DANANG (16o03N, 108o12E),Annual Mean Solar Radiation: 4.85kWh/m2/day,MONTHLY MEAN SOLAR RADIATION (kWh/m2/day) Location: NHA TRANG (12o15N, 109o11E),Annual Mean Solar Radiation: 5.15kWh/m2/day,MONTHLY MEAN SOLAR RADIATION (kWh/m2/day) Location: HOCHIMINH City (10o45N, 106o41E),Annual Mean Solar Radiation: 5.2kWh/m2/day,Location: Ho Chi Minh City, April 28th, 2005,Location: Ho Chi Minh City, June 28th, 2005,Location: Ho Chi Minh City, March 5th, 2009(Total solar radiation, W/m2),Location: Ho Chi Minh City, March 5th, 2009(Total solar radiation, W/m2),2. APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY IN VIETNAM,Two main applications:- Solar hot water- Solar photovoltaics,2.1. SOLAR HOT WATER,Solar hot water has been developed since 1990. At the early period, it was very difficult to get the attention of the community.But, since around 1998, the number of installed solar hot water systems has gradually increased, especially in Ho Chi Minh city.,Currently, solar hot water has become one of products at high competition. That leads to the increase of the number of companies doing business in this field.But, there is so far no full industry referring to solar hot water. The main components of the system (solar collector,) are imported, mainly from China.,COMMENTSolar hot water has been developed very fast, especially in the southern parts of the country. Currently, it is easy to see solar hot water systems on roofs of many houses in Ho Chi Minh city.,2.2. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS,2.2.1. RESEARCH,Researches referring to solar photovoltaics have been done from around 1975.,Early research interests,Monocrystalline siliconPolycrystalline siliconAmorphous silicon,Current research interests,Determination of the light- induced degradation rate of the solar cell sensitized N719 on nanocrystalline TiO2 particlesThermal degradation kinetics of solar cell dye N719 bound to nanocrystalline TiO2 particlesFabrication of solar cells based on N719, D520-dyed nano-crystalline titanium dioxide and investigation of their performancesImprovement of the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Open-circuit Voltage by Electrolyte Additives and Cell Treatment with 4-tert-butylpyridine,The Relationship between Electrochemical Impedance Spectra and Photovoltaic Performance Characteristics during the Light and Thermal Ageing of Dye-Sensitized Solar CellsEffects of Electrolyte Additives on the Open-circuit Voltage of Dye-Sensitized Solar CellsDecomposition and degradation of dyes in solar cells under prolonged thermal and light ageingDye-sensitized solar cell based on nano-crystalline titanium dioxide,Fabrication of solar cells based on titanium dioxide and organometallic dyesGrid connected systems,But, due to many difficulties, the research on solar photovoltaics is nearly activities of scientists in laboratory only. It has not exercised its influence on the society.,2.2.2. APPLICATIONS,In 1990, the first 300Wp-unit was installed at Can Gio district, Ho Chi Minh city.From 1994, solar photovoltaics has been expanded in the whole country.Currently, total installed photovoltaics is around 2MWp.,Installed locations:- Rural areas (PV units were installed at more than 3000 houses, there have been around 8500 families who can reach PV indirectly by using batteries charged from stations).- Cultural centers.- Medical centers.- Telecommunication units.- Traveling boats.,- Post offices- Ambulances.- Public lighting systems.- Traffic lighting systems.- Battery charging stations. - Schools.- Islands.,2000Wp,810Wp,Main features of photovoltaic development in Vietnam:- Most budgets funded by international organizations and several funded by national agencies (there is so far nearly no personal budget invested to set up the system).- It leads to unstable and unsustainable development.- All solar panels are so far imported.,Currently, there are only several companies doing business on photovoltaics in Vietnam.,Recently, a factory producing solar panels has been installed in Long An near Ho Chi Minh City. By planning, its expected capacity is 3MWp/year (first step) and 5MWp/year (next step).,COMMENTSolar photovoltaics has been almost done by projects and has been installed dispersedly. There have been only a few people who want to invest the photovoltaic system by their own budget.,2.3. OTHER APPLICATIONS,Solar Refrigeration and Air ConditioningSolar DryingSolar CookingSolar Distillation,Main features of these applications:- Not popular- Research phase- Low attraction of the community,3. DETAILS OF THE SUBMITTED PROPOSAL,3.1. TARGET,To set up a graduate school on solar energy and on applications of solar energy,3.2. EXPECTED OUTPUTS,Degree of training programsMasterPh. D.Research activitiesMainly in:Solar photovoltaicsSolar refrigeration and air conditioningSolar distillationOther applications in connection with solar energy.,3.3. BASIC IDEAS,Students: mainly coming from Vietnam, but it is expected that the school can get the attention of students coming from other ASEAN countries.Language: EnglishTeaching staff and supervisors: mainly coming from Vietnam and from the USA, some selected professors from other ASEAN countries can be invited.,Tuition fee:In order to speed up the application of solar energy and to get the attention of students, the school should be one of the objects supported by the governments.Therefore, students pay a part of the fee only, the partners cover all the remains.Training form:Master: full time in VietnamPh. D.: sandwich program,4. COMMENT & CONCLUSION,There is high potential to exploit solar energy in Vietnam.There is also high demand in increase the number of graduated students in this area.The government commits to speed up the application