M4U1-Grammar-and-usage-1.ppt

GRAMMARANDUSAGE,Directspeechandreportedspeech,Teachingaims,Previewnewwords.Knowaboutthedefinitionofdirectspeechandreportedspeech.Learnsomerules.Exercises,publisheramazedseniordesignerrecommendpurchasebest-seller,n.出版商,出版公司adj.大为惊奇adj.年长的;资历较深的,地位(或等级)较高的n.设计者，设计师vt.推荐vt.购买n.畅销书，畅销品,Wordspreview,T:Whatdidyoueatthismorning?S1:IateT:WhatdidS1say,S2?S2:S1saidhe/shehadeaten,directspeech,reportedspeech,Shesaid,ChinahasbeenusingPSAstoeducatepeople.ShesaidChinahadbeenusingPSAstoeducatepeople.,reportedspeech,directspeech,Whatrethedifferencesbetweendirectspeechandreportedspeech?,Differences,directspeech,reportedspeech,Toreportwhatexactlyhasbeensaid,Thewordsusuallyappearinquotationmarks,Toreportthemeaningofwhathasbeensaidwithoutusingtheexactwords,Noquotationmarks,Howtochangedirectspeechintoreportedspeech,Changewhathasbeensaidtoanobjectclauseoraninfinitivephrase;b.Changepersonalpronouns;c.Changetenses;d.Changeadverbialsoftimeandplace;e.Othercases.,Howtochangedirectspeechintoreportedspeech,把所说的话改成宾语从句或不定式;b.改人称;c.改时态;d.改时间状语和地点状语;e.改指示代词和方向性动词.,一.改人称:,一随主，二随宾，三不变,若直接引语有第一人陈，变间接引语时，人称与主句的主语保持一致。,若直接引语有第二人陈，变间接引语时，人称与主句的宾语保持一致。,若直接引语有第三人陈，变间接引语时，人称不变。,Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.,Hesaidtome,“Iveleftmybookinyourroom.Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.,Changepersonalpronouns:,“ShehasgonetoHongKong,”saidTom.,TomsaidthatshehadgonetoHongKong.,1.Alicesaid,“Ivejustgotaletterfrommyfather.”Alicesaidthat_justgotaletterfrom_father.,she,her,had,2.Hesaidtome,“Youareagoodstudent.”He_methat_agoodstudent.,told,was,I,二.改时态:,1.若主语谓语是现在时形式，则变间接引语时，时态不变。,Shesays,“Iwillcleanthebedroom.”,2.若主语谓语是过去时形式，则便间接引语时，时态变成相应的过去时。如下表：,Shesaysthatshewillcleanthebedroom.,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去完成时,过去将来时,过去完成时,过去进行时,Thechangesofthetenses,一般过去时,Practice:Changethefollowingsentencesintoreportedspeech.,1.Ihaventbroughtmydictionary,thestudentsaid.2.Tomsaidtothem,Iwillgetexcited.3.Myfathersaidtome,Iamreadingthebook.,Thestudentsaidthathehadntbroughthisdictionary.,Tomtoldthemthathewouldgetexcited.,Myfathertoldmethathewasreadingthebook.,三.改时间状语和地点状语;指示代词和方向性动词.,Hesaid,Ilostakeyhereyesterday.Hesaidthathehadlostakeytherethedaybefore/thepreviousday.Ireadthebookhereaweekago,Janesaidtohim.,Janetoldhimthatshehadreadthebookthereaweekbefore.,1.Iwillcomeandseeyouagainnextweek,Tom,hesaid.2.IsawTomlastnight,shesaid.3.Thedoctorsaidtothepatient,Youwillhavetowaittill3pmtomorrow.,HetoldTomthathewouldgoandseehimagainthefollowingweek.,ShesaidthatshedseenTomthenightbefore.,Thedoctortoldthepatientthathewouldhavetowaittill3pmthenext/followingday.,Shesaid,“Illcomehereagaintonight.”,Shesaidshewouldgothereagainthatnight.,Hesaid,“Iwantthis.”,Hesaidthathewantedthat.,MaysaidtoTom,“Illbringsomephotosheretoyoutomorrow.”,MaytoldTomshewouldtakesomephotostheretohimthenextday.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:,1.不变的真理Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.”Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.,2.经常的习惯：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.,3.历史事件：Theteachersaid,“WorldWarIIendedin1945.”TheteachersaidthatWorldWarIIendedin1945.,4.部分情态动词,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter(没有过去时形式)&could,should,would,might(已经是过去时形式)等：Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”ShetoldmethatImusthurryup.Mr.Wangsaid,“Youhadbettercometoschoolnow.”Mr.WangsaidIhadbettergotoschoolthen.,5.直接引语中凡有When，since，while引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句时态，从句的时态不变。例如：Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”HesaidhehadstudiedEnglishsincehewasaboy.Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.Shesaidshehadreadthebookwhileshewaswaitingforabus.Mr.Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.”Mr.GreentoldthemJoehadtoldhimallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.,1.Mr.Smithsaidtothegirl,“IwillcomeheretoseeyounextSunday.”Mr.Smith_thegirlthat_theretosee_Sunday.,told,hewouldgo,her,thefollowing,QuizI,2.Hetoldmethatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.He_me,“Afriendinneed_afriendindeed.”,said,is,to,3.Hesaidthathelikedthefilmverymuch.Hesaid,“_thefilmverymuch.”,I,like,1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat_worried_.A.helookedtodayB.youlooktodayC.welookedthatdayD.Ilookedthatday,QuizII单项选择,2.Wesaidtoher,“Theyrewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat_throughthestreet_.A.wewerewalkingthenB.youarewalkingnowC.theywerewalkingthenD.theywalkingnow,3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat_alongway_.A.IhadwalkedlastweekB.hehadwalkedthatweekC.IwalkedlastweekD.hehaswalkedthisweek,4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbackto