英语中的代词

LectureFour,Pronouns,代词的分类：p82本讲主要内容：人称代词（PersonalPronouns）物主代词（PossesivePronouns)自身代词(SelfPronouns)相互代词(ReciprocalPronouns)指示代词(DemonstrativePronouns)疑问代词(InterrogativePronouns),人称代词（PersonalPronouns),人称代词应用的三大原则,1.“数”的一致：代词的单复数形式与所指代对象的单复数形式一定要保持一致.Myfatherisfat_weighsovertwohundredpounds.Irecognizedoneofthegirls,butIdidntspeakto_.,2.“性别”的一致:阴阳性别前后一定要保持一致.Theboyisthebrightestintheclass.Alltheteacherslike_.,3.“人称”的一致:第一人称,第二人称,第三人称的一致.不仅包括句子中,还包括整个语篇中.JaneandImaymovetoAustralia._hearthattheclimatethereishealthful.YouandLucycangotherebycar._donthavetowalkalongwithus.Tomspoketohismother,but_didnthear_.,人称代词的排列顺序,单数二三一，复数一二三，承担责任我在前。You,heandImustobeytherules.We,youandtheyshouldstayhere.Iandhearewrong.表示男女的代词并排使用时，通常是先男后女。如：Nobodylikessuchthingsexcepthimandher.,使用人称代词的几个注意点,she的用法（p85):国家、城市、地球、船舶、雌性动物等，带有一种感情色彩。Chinaisagreatcountry._hasanareaof9,600,000squarekilometers.it的用法(p86):时间、日期、距离、婴儿、天气等。Whatabeautifulbaby-isitaboy?-Whoisitatthedoor?-Itsme.,当上文提到的人的性别不明时Ifapersonhadsomuchmoney,_woulddoitinanotherway.Ifanyonecomes,ask_towait.一般用he,him来指代。对于anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone,someone,everyone这类性别不明的不定代词，它们可用单数he,him指代，也可用复数they,them指代，用单数较正式，用复数较口语化。,he,him/them,物主代词(PossessivePronouns),形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词，在句子中只能做句子的定语，对名词进行修饰和限制；而名词性物主代词则相当于一个名词，在句子中可做主语、宾语和表语。名词性物主代词=形容词物主代词+名词。YourEnglishisbetterthanmyEnglish.=YourEnglishisbetterthanmine.,Mybookisblue._（你的）isred.Ourchairisbetterthan_（他们的）._(他的)teacherisgood._(她的)isgoodtoo._（你们的）classroomisbig,while_（我们的）isverysmall.,Yours,theirs,His,Hers,Your,Ours,名词性物主代词与of连用p88他是Mary的一个邻居吗?IsheaneighborofMarys?他是你的一个邻居吗?Isheaneighborofyours?Peter的这条狗从不咬人.ThisdogofPetersneverbites.我们的这条狗从来不咬人.Thisdogofoursneverbites.,自身代词(SelfPronouns),自身代词也叫反身代词，主要用作宾语和同位语。Allofthemenjoyedthemselves.Helpyourselftosomefish.Youyourselfsaidso.,反身代词有时用于be,feel,seem,look等后作表语，表示身体或精神处于正常状态。Youdontseemyourselftoday.你今天好像有点不大对劲。Motherisnotquiteherselftoday.Shemighthavecaughtacold.妈妈今天身体不太好，她可能感冒了。,用于构成习语：byoneself独自地，单独地makeoneselfathome不要拘束expressoneself表达devoteoneselfto致力于dressoneself穿衣saytooneself心里想talk/speaktooneself自言自语cometooneself苏醒过来keepsth.tooneself保守秘密,byoneself/oneself经理亲自找我谈了话.Themanagerspoketomehimself.她想亲自去见汤姆.ShewantstoseeTomherself.她想独自去见汤姆.ShewantstoseeTombyherself.她想见汤姆本人.ShewantstoseeTomhimself.,相互代词,英语相互代词没有人称或数的区别，在句子中常只用作宾语。如：Wehaventseeneachotherforages.Thechildrenmadefacesatoneanother.还可以和s所有格一起构成定语：Theyheldeachothershands.Theyknowoneanothersweakpoints.,指示代词,指示代词有四个：this,that,these,thoseHello!_isMary.Is_Jackspeaking?电话用语中，this代表自己，that代表对方。Ihadacold._iswhyIdidntcome.WhatIwanttosayis_:pronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。,This,that,That,this,that和those可以代表前面提到的名词以避免重复.Lifetodayismuchbetterthanthatintheolddays.TelevisionsetsmadeinBeijingarejustasgoodasthosemadeinShanghaiThose后边加上限制性修饰语后,用于泛指”人们”.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Thosewholivearethosewhofight.,疑问代词,疑问代词有五个：who,whom,whose,what,whichWho/whom这是谁做的？Whodidthis?晚会上你遇见了谁？Whom/Whodidyoumeetattheparty?作主语只能用who,作宾语who/whom均可。紧跟在介词后只能用whom,不能用who。Withwhomdidshecome?TowhomshouldIwrite?,what/whichwhat与which所指的范围不同，what所指的范围是无限的，而which所指的范围是有限的。Whichgirlsdoyoulikebest?你喜欢哪几个女孩?Whatgirlsdoyoulikebest?你喜欢什么样的女孩子？,Whoishe?Whatishe?Whichishe?,比较下列三个句子：,他是谁？（想了解他的情况）询问他的职业。哪一个是他？（例如在一群人中辨别要找的人）,Exercise1:用合适的物主代词填空,1.Shesatinfrontofthemirror,running_fingersthrough_hair.2.Close_eyesandholdout_hand,andseewhattheGodhasbroughtyou.3.Thesmallcreatureandhersmallerbrothershook_heads.4.-Doyouwanttoput_coaton?-No,Illjustputitround_shoulder.5.Yourphotosarelovely.Doyouwanttoseesomeof_(ours,us)?6.Davis,Ihavejustreadanovelof_.7.Thesearenttheircards._aretheonesinblueenvelopes.,Exercise2:用合适的反身代词填空.,Hethinkstoomuchof_.Sitdownandmake_athome.Shelookedinthemirrorandcouldnotrecognize_.I_havebeenthereformorethanfiveyears.Weprotect_fromtherainwithanumbrella.Duringthebreaksthechildr