高中英语语法总结范文精选VIP

高中英语语法总结范文精选总结，可以把零散的、肤浅的感性认识上升为系统、深刻的理性认识，从而得出科学的结论，以便发扬成绩、克服缺点、吸取经验教训，使今后的工作少走弯路、多出成果。下面就是小编给大家带来的高中英语语法总结范文精选，希望能帮助到大家!高中英语语法总结范文精选一：时态和语态一. 动词的时态时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时，现在完成进行时。下面分别进行介绍。1. 一般现在时的用法1) 表示经常性，习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态、特征或真理而不表示具体的特定行为。句子中常用often，usually，every day等时间状语。例如： He goes to school every day。(经常性动作) He is very happy.(现在的状态) The earth moves around the sun.真理2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时态的形式表示将来。If you come this afternoon，well have a meeting. When I graduate，Ill go to the countryside.3) 有时这个时态表示按计划，规定要发生的动作，(句中都带有时间状语)但限于少数动词如begin，come，leave，go，arrive, start，stop，return，open，close等。 The meeting begins at seven.The train starts at nine in the morning. 在时。例如：I like English very much.2. 一般过去时的用法4) 表示状态和感觉的动词，如be，like，hate.think, remember, find，sound等常用一般现The story sounds very interesting.1) 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。He saw Mr. Wang yesterday.I used to smoke. He worked in a factory in 1988. During the vacation I would swim in the sea. 2) 表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to”和“would+动词原形”。例如：注意：used to表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。另外“to be used to+名词(动名词)”表示“习惯于。例如：I am used to the climate here. He is used to swimming in winter.3. 一般将来时的用法一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了“will或shall + 动词原形”外，还有以下几种形式。1) to be going to+动词原形，表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。例如： It is going to rain. We are going to have a meeting today.2) go, come, start, move, leave, arrive, stay等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。Im leaving for Beijing. Next week Im staying in the country for days.The boy is to go to school tomorrow. 3) be to + 动词原形表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。 Are we to go on with this work ?跟时间状语。例如：We are about to leave. Im about to start out. He gets off at the next stop. 5) 某些词，如come，go，leave，arrive，start，get，stay等的一般现在时也可表示将来。 The meeting starts at five oclock.4. 现在进行时1) 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，由“to be + 现在分词”构成，另外“系动词十介词或副词”也表示进行时的意义。例如：What are you doing? The bridge is under construction.2) 表示感觉，愿望和状态的某些动词如：have, be, hear, see, like等词一般不用进行时。3) 非持续性动词一般不用进行时态，但当用于进行时态时所表达的意义是：a) 逐渐地。 b)反复进行的动作。例如：a) Im beginning to understand it. (我慢慢开始明白了。)b) The monkey is jumping up and down there. (那只猴子在那一直上上下下跳个不停。)4) 有的句子用一般现在时态和进行时态均可，但用进行时态往往带有感情色彩。比较：The Changjiang River flows to the east. (长江向东流。 客观现实)The Changjiang River is flowing to the east. (长江滚滚东流。 赞叹)Tom often lies to our teachers. (“汤姆经常对老师撒谎。”表汤姆的习惯)Tom is always lying to our teacher. (“汤姆老是对老师撒谎。”表说话者厌恶的态度)5. 过去进行时的用法1) 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作，由“was(were)十 现在分词”构成。例如： In 1980 he was studying in a university. He was reading a novel when I came in.4) be about to+动词原形 表示即刻发生的动作，意为：be ready to do sth.后面一般不2) 用一般过去时态和过去进行时态有行为完成与否的差别。比较：Yesterday my sister wrote a letter. (写了一封信)Yesterday my sister was writing a letter. (这封信或许还没有写完)6. 现在完成时的用法现在完成时由“have+过去分词”构成。其使用有两种情况：1) 现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。He has gone to Wuhan.(说话人认为他不在该地) He has been to Wuhan.(说话人认为他在该地)表示一段时间的状语或so far，now，today，this week(month，year)等表示包括现在 时间在内的状语。例如： He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 1985.Now I have finished the work.注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如：come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。3) 现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。例如：Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.If it has stopped snowing in the morning，well go to the park.7. 过去完成时的用法1) 过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。过去完成时的动词表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作状态。句中常用by，before，until，when等词引导的时间状语。例如：By the end of last year we had bui1t five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.或持续下去。例如：Before he slept，he had worked for 12 hours.8. 过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时由“should或would + 动词原形”构成。第一人称用should，其他人称用would。例如：They were sure that they would succeed.9. 现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时由“have(has)+ been+现在分词”构成，表示现在以前一直在进行的动作。有些词，如work，study，live，teach等用现在完成进行时与用现在完成时意思差不多。例如： I have worked here for three years.I have been working here for three years.但多数动词在这两种时态中表示不同意思。例如：I have written a letter.(己写完)I have been wring a letter.(还在写)注意：表示短暂动作的动词，如finish，marry，get up，come，go等不能用这种时态。2) 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for和since2) 过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间二. 动词的语态1. 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式叫主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。例如：1) 一般现在时：You are required to do this.2) 一般过去时：The story was told by her.3) 般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.4) 现在进行时：The road is being widened.5) 过去进行时：The new tool was being made.6) 现在完成时：The novel has been read.7) 过去完成时：He said that the work had been finished.8) 过去将来时：He said that the trees would be planted soon.2. 一些特殊的被动语态结构：1) 带情态动词的被动结构：The problem must be solved soon.2) 带不定式的被动结构：The room is going to be painted. The homework needs to be done with care.例l)The baby is looked after carefully.用于这类被动结构的短语动词要把它们作为整体看待，即要把它们看作单字及物动词。这类结构有以下几种：a) (不及物)动词+介词：agree to，ask for，call for，laugh at，listen to，look after，operate on，send for，talk about.think of等。b) (及物)动词+副词：bring about，carry out，find out，give up，hand in， make out， pass on， point out， put away， put off， take up, think over，turn down，turn out，wipe out，work out等。c) 动词+副词+介词：do away with，face up to，give in to，look down upon, make up for,put up with等。例2)They will be taken (good) care of.Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.用于这类被动结构的短语动词最多见的是“动词+名词+介词”这一结构。如：catch sight of，keep an eye on，make use of，make a fool of，pay attention to， put an end to，set fire / light to， take care of, take hold of，take notice of等。例2) 与例1) 的不同点在于，它们用于被动态时能有两种形式。第一种形式是把“动词十名词+介词”作为整体看待。第二种形式是把其中的“动词+名词”作为“动词+宾语”的结构处理。4) 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改成主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。例如：We always keep the classroom clean. (比较：The classroom is always kept clean.)3) 短语动词的被动结构：5) 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示，例如：据说 希望 据推测说 It is said that It is hoped that It is supposed that It must be admitted that It must be pointed out that It is well known that It will be said that It is generally considered thatIt is believed that 必须承认 必须指出 众所周知 有人会说 大家认为 有人相信3. 表示被动含义的主动动词1) 系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有look, taste, sound, smell,prove, feel等, 例如:Your reason sounds reasonable. The door wont open. The book sells well. Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. It cant move. These clothes wash easily. The dust has blown into the house. 2) 一些与cant或wont连用的动词。 常用的有: lock, shut, open, act等, 例如: 3) 一些与well, easily, perfectly等连用的动词, 如: sell, wash, clean, burn, cook等, 例如: 4) 用在 主语 + 不及物动词 + 主语补语 句型中的一些不及物动词, 例如: This material has worn thin.4. 表示被动含义的主动结构1) 在动名词结构中be worth, want (=need), need, require后所用的动名词, 必须用主动结构表被动意义。These young seedlings will require / need looking after (= need to be looked after) carefully. Your hair wants / needs cutting (needs to be cut).a) 作定语:不定式结构常表示动宾关系, 即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这种情形最常出现在 There + be + 主语 + 修饰主语的不定式 和 及物动词 + 宾语 (或双宾语) + 修饰宾语的不定式 结构中, 特别是 主语 + have + 宾语 + 修饰宾语的不定式 结构中。Give him some books to read. He has a family to support. There is a lot of work to do. 当然, 这里的不定式在个别情形下也可用被动形式, 含义区别不大,例如: There is so much work to do / to be done. Give me the names of the people to contact / to be contacted.是应用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构的形容词比较多, 最常用的有amusing, cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, important, nice, pleasant等, 例如:That question is difficult to answer. Chickens legs are nice to eat.2) 在不定式结构中 b) 在主语 + be + 形容词 + 不定式句型中, 有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语, 这在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响, 下列动词仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:Who is to blame for starting the fire? The house is to let. A lot remains to do.3) 在特殊结构中a) be + under +名词 结构:这种结构表示某事 在进行中。例如: The building is under construction.The whole matter is under discussion (= is being discussed).经常这样用的名词还有repair (修理), treatment (治疗), question (质问)等。b) be worthy of +名词结构: 在这一结构中, 名词和句子的主语有被动含义, 如: a man worthy of support nothing worthy of praise此结构后通常用表示行为的名词, 而不用动名词的被动形式。高中英语语法总结范文精选二：句子的种类一. 简单句一个简单句里只有一个主谓结构(有时可能会有并列的主语或谓语)，而谓语又一定是需要限定动词的，因此，通过对限定动词的识别，可以帮助我们判断一个句子是不是简单句，找出其基本结构中缺少或多余的成分。请看以下例句：I saw him walking to the office this morning and looking eager to get there and start work. (saw 是限定动词;walking，looking，to get，start都是非限定性动词，即非谓语动词。)While cutting trees，one man was nearly killed by a falling tree. (was是限定动词;cutting，killed，falling是非限定动词。)You can either stay here or come with us.(stay，come都是非限定动词;can是情态动词，can stay or come作谓语。)二. 并列句1. 并列连词及其使用1) 常用的并列连词(或称等立连词)有：and，or，but，for，not only.but(also)，either.or，nether.nor，both.and.2) 除for以外的并列连词都可以用来连接一个单句里的两个并列成分，例如：Jenny and I are good friends。 We run，jump and shout for joy together.(当有两个以上的并列成分时，一般只在最后两者之间用连词。)We go for a walk or watch TV after supper.。The bike is quite old but in excellent condition.Either your answer or mine is wrong.3) 除both.and以外的并列连词还可用来连接两个简单句(或称并列分句)，构成并列句。She was often late and everybody knew，but no one asked why.The old lady doesnt go out in the winter， for she feels the cold a great deal.Not only is the teacher himself interested h the subject but a11 his students are beginning to show an interest in it.2. 连接并列分句的其它手段1) when/where偶尔也可作并列连词;如：I was walking down the street when I remembered that I had forgotten my umbrella.(when = and then)Last night I went to the theatre where I saw Toms parents，(where = and there) The tongue is not steel，yet it cuts.Im busy today，so can you come tomorrow?Go into the cave，then they wont see you.It may be possible or not;however，we shall understand.Ive never been to Berlin;therefore I dont know much about it. 2) 副词yet，的和then可以连接并列分句：3) 还可用分号“;”。如： 3. 并列分句的排列顺序 必须考虑各分句之间的逻辑关系及其时间上的先后顺序，具体情况具体分析。 1) 有些并列的分句可以相互颠倒，并不影响所表达的句意，如： Everyone was in the classroom and the doors were closed.(=The doors were c1osed and everyone was in the classroom.)2) 多数并列句里的分句不能相互颠倒。如：Most of us were in the classroom，the doors were closed and the late comers had to wait Outside.(为说明门关之后，迟到者只好在外等着，后两个分句的顺序不能颠倒。)We were coming to see you，but it rained(so we didnt)。(考虑到两个分句所谈事实的时间先后与逻辑关系，它们的位置不能颠倒。)三. 复合句1. 复合句由一个主句和一个(或一个以上的)从句组成。用来连接从句的连词是从属连词。从句附属于主句的方式有三种：1) 相当另一个句子里的某个名词或名词词组的作用，作名词从句。Everyone could see the truth / (that) it was true.2) 修饰句子里的某个名词或代词，作定语从句。如：I often see My old friends / my school friends who were at school with me.3) 相当另一个句子里的某个状语的作用，作状语从句。如：I met your brother ten years ago / when I came to this school. 2. 两类连词的区分与使用 并列连词与从属连词的作用不同，注意不可混用。如：不能说：*Although I was good at maths，but I was never given full marks.(although与but不能连用)应说：Although I was good at maths，(yet)I was never given full marks.或： I was good at maths，but/yet I was never given full marks.不能说：*Unless you work harder，or you will fail to pass the test.(unless与or不能连用)应说：Unless you work harder，you will fail to pass the test.或：Work harder/you must work harder, or you will fail to pass the test.四. 陈述句的肯定与否定1. not及其它否定词的使用1) 否定句一般可以由否定词not及必要的助词来构成，例如：These exercises are not difficult.I dont like sweets.2) 除not以外，还有以下这些否定词，也能构成否定句：a) never，hardly，seldom一类含否定意义的副词。如：I have not / never / hardly (ever)/ seldom spoken to Mr. George.I have not said anything to anybody about it.I have spoken to nobody / no one about it.I have said nothing to anybody about it.I havent any money / I have no money.I havent any./ I have none.c) neither和nor，主要在以下句式中：-I havent spoken to Mr. George.-Neither/Nor have I.当用作连词时，neither要在nor之前。如：Neither Bob nor I broke the window. We neither want nor need any help from you, thank you. b) no，none以及其它由no-构成的复合词(nothing，nobody，no one，nowhere等)。2. 肯定变否定时的其它相应变化肯定与否定句的区别，除了看有无否定词之外，还可能体现在其它方面，试比较： I have found some mistakes already.I havent found any yet?(some any;already yet)I have found some mistakes，too.I havent found any either.(too either)五. 疑问句1. 否定问句1) 否定问句可由否定句变来，例如：He doesnt eat meat.I havent seen him.结构相当正规，如：Does he not eat meat?(不能说 *Does not he.?)Have you not seen him?(不能说 *Have not you.?)3) 否定问句的回答要“前后如一”，不可受汉语影响犯以下这类错误： Doesnt he eat meat?一Yes，he does. /No，he doesnt.(不能说 Yes，he doesnt./No，he does.)2. 反意疑问句的一般构成1) 反意疑问句的一般构成是：肯定陈述，否定尾句;否定陈述，肯定尾句。要注意反问尾句中的助词(或系动词、情态动词等)与人称代词应与陈述部分中的语法动词与主语取得一致。例如：Jane is your cousin，isnt she? There is no doubt，is there?We need to ask first，dont we? We neednt ask first，need we?2) 要注意陈述部分主语后面的缩写形式 s或 d的真实意义，以决定尾句应该选用的助动词或系动词等。如：Hes never met you before，has he? (Hes=He has)Hes going to tell you the truth，isnt he?(Hes=He is)Youd better go， hadnt you? (youd =you had)Youd rather stay， wouldnt you?(youd =you would)3) 要注意“否定陈述+肯定尾句”的回答必须前后一致。You seldom go swimming in the morning，do you?Yes，I do，/No，I dont.3. 比较特殊的反意疑问句有些反意疑问句的尾句构成比较特殊，应当引起注意:Few people knew the answer，did they?(few为否定含义，后接肯定尾句。)Im older than you，arent I?(I am后面的否定尾句常用arent I?)Pass me the newspaper，will you?(肯定祈使句用will you?)Dont be late next time，will you?(否定祈使句后也用will you?)Remember to lock the door，wont you?(用wont you表示请求或恳求。)Use your head，cant you?(cant you表示不耐烦或不满的斥责。)Lets do it by ourselves，shall we?(第一人称祈使句，we包括说话人与听话人双方。)Let us do it by ourselves，will you?(第二人称祈使句，we只指说话人一方。)Everybody has been told what to do，havent they?(尽管hasnt he似乎更合语法;习惯常用 havent they。)Doesnt he eat meat? Havent you seen him?2) 否定问句的开头一般都用not的缩写形式;如分开，则须将not放到主语之后，但这类None of us knew the way，did we?(none of us作主语, 尾句中用we)Some of you are learning Russian，arent you?(同上句理解。)4. 特殊疑问句1) 两种语序：a) 当疑问词为主语或主语的定语时，语序与陈述句相同，如：Somebody broke the window. Who broke the window?Something broke the window. What broke the window?Somebodys window was broken. Whose window was broken?b) 当疑问词为其它成分时，则疑问词后面的语序与一般疑问句相同，如：He was reading China Daily. What paper was he reading?I saw the film yesterday. When did you see the film?2) 要注意选择恰当的疑问词以及与之搭配的其他词语，如：I bought a bike made in Tianjing. What bike did you buy?The new bike under the tree is mine. Which bike is yours? He did his work carefully. How did he do his work?I go to the library twice a week. How often do you go to the library?He painted the desk white. What color did he paint the desk?5. 两类选择疑问句1) 一类是以一般疑问句为基础的。如：Do you speak French or German?Will they come to see us or sha11 we go to see them?Has Henry finished his breakfast or hasnt he?2) 另一类是以特殊疑问句为基础的，可以看成是由一个Wh- 问句加上并列起来供人选择的两个(或两个以上的)答案构成的。如：How do you go to school every day，by bus or on foot?When shall we set off，at six or (at)six thirty?六. 祈使句1. 祈使句的主语1) 主语应为第二人称时，通常不表示出来，如：Read after me， please. Be careful with your pronunciation. Have this seat，will you?(可加反意疑问句) Let me have a try. Let him try again. All/Everybody be here at two oclock。(也可不用Let) 2) 行为动作的主语为第一、三人称时，祈使句通带以Let开头：2. 祈使句的强调与否定1) 祈使句的强调结构是在句首加Do：Do come early next time. Do be careful! 2) 祈使句的否定是在句首加Dont： Dont ask me why. Dont be late.Dont 1et there be too much noise.Never buy what you cannot pay for.(也可用Never)3. 祈使句+and/or结构这类结构常可与含if从句的复合句相互转换：Give h1m an inch， and hell take a yard. (=lf you give him an inch, hell take a yard.)Wear your coat，or youll catch cold.(If you dont wear your coat，youll catch cold.) 七. 感叹句1. What +(a/an)+adj. + n.+ 主谓What a beautiful day it is!What wonderful weather we are having!1) What之后是否用a/an要看后面的名词是否可数;是单数还是复数：What beautiful music the boy is playing!(music不可数，前面不可加a/an.) What fools they were!(fools，复数，不可加a/an) What a beautiful day!What fools!How hard youve been working! How time flies!2) 在上下文清楚的情况下，感叹句中的主谓结构甚至形容词都可省略。如： 2. How + adj./adv. + 主谓!How happy we are!How也可修饰句中动词，如： How I miss you，my friend! 3. How+adj.+ a/an +单数名词：How foolish a boy he is!(= What a foolish boy he is!)高中英语语法总结范文精选三：非谓语动词用法比较一、不定式与动名词作主语时的比较不定式和动名词在作主语时常常可以互换： Crying/To cry will not help you out of difficulty 但是要注意以下的几点：1. 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作，而不定式作主语通常表示抽象动作，而不定式做主语通常表示具体动作。试比较：Living in Beijing must be wonderful.(泛指行为)He realized that to live with her any longer was wrong (具体行为) 2. 当主语被否定时，通常用不定式：Not to have hope is the poorest of all conditions3. 在It is important/necessary的结构中，主语只能用不定式，不用动名词：It is important to grasp the spirit of a foreign language in order to use it feely. It became necessary to build new factories for products never before produced 4. 在It takes+时间等+。的结构中，主语常用不定式：How much cloth will it take to make a shirt?5. 在There is no 和It is no good 结构中，通常用动名词 二、不定式与动名词作表语时的比较不定式和动名词在作表语时常常可以互换： His job is bringing/to bring milk every day但是，当不定式作主语时，表语用不定式;动名词作主语时，表语也用动名词。To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.此外，还应注意以下两点：1. 主语是it，this，that等指示代词时，表语通常用动名词：That was playing with fire.2. 主语是名词时，表语较短时通常用动名词，表语较长时通常用不定式：My favorite sport is swimming.What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the sand三、不定式与动名词作宾语时的比较1. 接不定式或动名词作宾语意义区别不大的动词常见的有：begin，start，continue，love，like，propose等：Almost all the boys like to play/playing football . 但以上的动词中有一部分在下列情况下通常用不定式作宾语：1) 在would like/love/hate等的后面：Id like(love)to have a drink.Im starting to talk about it.3) 当begin后接某些感觉或状态动词时：She began to see what he meant.2. 接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义不同的动词或词组常见的有：1) remember/forget/regret+doing或to do sthI must remember to ask him (指记住要做的事)I shall always reme