八年级下英语语法

Unit 8Why dont you get her a scarf?目标认知重点词汇与短语： personal, special, receive, gave, give away, pig, cost, rather than, take care of,how about, what about重点句型： Dogs are too difficult to take care of. 狗太难照料了。In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buy them gifts. 在美国，一些人会要求家人和朋友向慈善机构捐款，而不是给他们买礼物。重点语法： 表示“提建议”的句子结构日常用语： How about sth. / doing sth.? （做）怎么样？What about sth. / doing sth.? （做）怎么样？How do you like sth.? 你认为怎么样？Why dont you buy/get.? 为什么不买？Why not buy/get.? 为什么不买？Theyre too expensive/cheap/personal. 他们太贵/便宜/个性。Great! / Good idea! 好极了！/好主意！Its good for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说有好处。It can make sb. 它会让人。精讲巧练1. Why dont you get her a scarf? 为什么你不给她买一条围巾呢？点拨这是给别人提建议，建议某人做什么事情的句型。如：Why dont you buy a book for your son? 给你儿子买本书怎么样？Why dont we come more often? 我们为什么不经常来这里呢? Why dont you do it this way? 为什么不用这种方法做呢?Why dont you have another try? 为什么不再试一次呢?这个句子还可以写成Why not do.?如：Why not get her a camera? 为什么不给她买个相机呢？这个句型还有发出礼貌地邀请的用法。如：Why dont you have a drink of tea? 请喝茶。= Why not have a drink of tea?随时练【考例1】-Why not come and join us in the game? -_. But I must go to meet Mr. Smith at the airport.A. Id like to B. Lets go C. Yes，please D. Its a pleasure 【答案与解析】 A。本题考察的是对Why not do.句型回答，根据句意：-来参加我们的比赛，怎么样？ -我想去，但是我必须去机场接Smith先生。不难看出应该选择A。其他的选项不符合句意。【考例2】- _come and join us in the game? - Id like to. But I must go to meet Mr. Smith at the airport.A. Why not B. Why dont C. Why not to D. Why【答案与解析】A。 很显然这是对why not do和why dont you do sth. 句型的考察，这里用排除法很容易就能排除B项，缺少主语you；排除C项，不需要加to；排除D项，缺少not；所以选A。 2. Thats not interesting enough. 那不够有趣。点拨enough作副词，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词时，应放在被修饰词的后面。enough还可以修饰名词，可以修饰形容词，副词。它修饰名词时，可置于名词前或名词后。例如：I dont know him well enough to ask him for help. 我和他不够熟悉，不好请他帮忙。This room is big enough for five of us to live in. 这房间给我们5个人住够大了。Do you have enough time? 你的时间够用吗？We have money enough to buy the house. 我们有足够的钱买这所房子。随时练【考例】-Does the child need any help?-No. She is _ to dress herself.A. enough old B. young enough C. old enough(2010四川南充)【答案与解析】C。考查enough的用法。enough修饰动词、形容词或其他副词时，应放在被修饰词的后面。排除A。由语境可知空格所在处句意为“她足够大，能自己穿衣服了”。故选C。3. Dogs are too difficult to take care of. 狗太难照料了。点拨too+形容词或副词原形+to do sth. “太而不能”。如：He is too old to work. 他太老了，不能工作了。The box is too heavy for the little girl to carry.这箱子太重，小女孩搬不动。如在too前面或者后面有否定词not，则整个句子表达肯定。如：This question is not too difficult to answer. 这道题不太难回答。He is too clever not to see that. 他很聪明，不会不懂这一点。随时练【考例】Mr. Lee was _ tired to keep his eyes _.A. so，open B. so，closedC. too，closed D. too，open【答案与解析】D。根据题意应是太累了，睁不开眼睛，选B，C不合题意，选A不符合Too+形容词或副词原形+to do sth.意为“太-而不能-”的句型。4. How about a scarf? 一条围巾怎么样？ 点拨How/What about? 表示“怎么样/好吗？”这个句型是询问听话这一方对某事物的看法或者意见。about是个介词，它后面要接名词或者doing。如：How about his playing football? 他足球踢得怎么样？What about swimming with us? 和我们一起游泳怎么样？How about her English? 她的英语怎样？随时练【考例】-When shall we meet tomorrow?-_7:30?A. I think B. What about C. Is it D. Pardon【答案与解析】B。根据语境可知第二个人是征求对方意见。故选B。5. Sometimes I dont have enough time to spend with her.有时候，我没有足够的时间来陪她。点拨spendon 在上花（时间或金钱）；如：He spends a lot of money on books. 他花许多钱买书。spend(in) doing sth. 花(时间或金钱等)做某事；如：The government will spend money looking after the patients. 政府要花钱去照料那些病人英语中表“花费”的词语：(l) spend的主语必须是“人”，宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等。如：He spends much money on books 他平时将很多钱用在买书上。He spent a lot of money（in）buying a new car 他花很多钱买了一辆新车。(2) cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”，表示“费用”、“耗费”，后接 life，money，health，time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。如：The book cost him one dollar 这本书用了他一美元。It costs you 12 pounds to go to London by ship 乘船到伦敦要用12英镑。(3) take表示“花费”时，其主语一般是“一件事”，有时主语也可以是人，它说明事情完成“花费了”。如：It took me ten minutes to go to the post office到邮局用用了我十分钟时间。It takes a lot of money to buy a house as big as that买一座像那样的房子要花很多钱。(4) pay的基本意思是“支付”，作为及物动词，宾语可以是“人”、“钱”，如：He paid the taxi and hurried to the station他付了出租车的钱，急忙向车站赶去。They had to pay two hundred francs他得付两百法郎。Well pay you in a few days几天后我会给你钱。(5) pay for的宾语为“物”、“事”，for表示支付的原因。如：Youll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals你得每周付给我十美元饭钱。注 意：下面两句中 pay for的意义不同。Of course we have to pay for what we buy 当然我们买东西得付钱。Dont worry about money. Ill pay for you 别担心钱，我会替你付的。 随时练【考例1】The dictionary _ me $20. A. paidB. spentC. tookD. cost 【答案与解析】D。cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”，表示“费用”、“耗费”，后接life，money，health，time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。【考例2】Mr. Smith _ an hour on this work.A. spentB. tookC. usedD. paid【答案与解析】A。词组 spendon 在上花（时间或金钱）6. In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buy them gifts.在美国，一些人会要求家人和朋友向慈善机构捐款，而不是给他们买礼物。点拨1本句中两个to，第一个to为不定式符号，后为动词原形，第二个to作介词。ask sb (not) to do sth 让某人（不）做某事例如：The teacher asked me to take the books to the classroom.老师让我把书拿到教室里去。点拨2rather than表示“与其(不如)，不是(而是)”是连词词组，可在两个并列的成分中选择，也可连接两个谓语、两个表语、两个主语等。当主句有动词不定式，rather than后可接带to的动词不定式或不带to的动词不定式，也可以用动名词形式。例如：Things fall to the earth rather than go up into the air东西落到地面上而不是飞向天空。These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty这些鞋子谈不上漂亮但穿起来很舒服。I, rather than you, should do the work该做这工作的是我，而不是你。I think Ill have a cold drink rather than milk. 我想喝冷饮，不想喝牛奶。The color seems like yellow rather than green. 这颜色看上去更像黄色而不像绿色。随时练【考例】He asked me _ the advantages and disadvantages of keeping such a pet.A. saying B. to saying C. to say D. say【答案与解析】C。考查ask sb to do sth 让某人做某事。7. Later, the same gift may be given away to someone else.点拨随后同一个礼物就会转送别人。该句为含有情态动词的被动语态。 give away 表示“赠送，捐赠”是固定的短语动词。例如：He has decided to give all his money away to charity.他已决定把所有的钱都捐赠给慈善机构。Ive given the books away to a library.我已经把那些书捐赠给一家图书馆。Her little boy had cried so heavily when they had given the dog away.他们把狗送给别人时，她的小儿子哭得很厉害。They are giving away free toys when you spend more than $30 in the store. 如果你在那家商店消费超过30美元，他们免费赠送玩具。随时练【考例】Aunt Wang _ the candies to the kids.A. asked B. gave away C. asked for D. ran away【答案与解析】B。考查give away sth to sb “把某物分发给某人”。8. 词语辨析：other与else； receive与accept点拨1other与else两者都有“别的，其他的”的含义，但用法有区别：(1) other是形容词，用于名词的前面；else作副词或形容词用时，常修饰不定代词或疑问代词，并置于其后。Some are playing football. Other students (或用代词Others) are watching.一些学生在踢足球，其他的学生在观看。What else can you see in the classroom? 在教室里你还能看见其他的什么东西？(2) other与else有时可相互转换。He is taller than any other student in his class. = He is taller than anybody else in his class. 他比班里的其他学生都要高。What else can you see? =What other things can you see? 你还能看见其他东西吗？点拨2receive与accept两者都做“收到”讲，但具体含义有所不同。(1) receive的意思是“接到”“收到”“受到”。它指“接”“收”的动作或事实，并不包含接收者本人是否“接受”的意思。I received a letter from my mother. 我收到了母亲的一封信。We received a warm welcome there. 我们在那里受到了热烈的欢迎。(2) accept的意思是“接受”、“领受”、“承认”、“接纳”。指经过考虑，同意或愿意接受，强调“收到”的结果，是“接受”了。We received the present，but we did not accept it.我们收到了那份礼物，但没有接受它。He accepted the invitation with pleasure. 他愉快地接受了邀请。随时练【考例1】- Who _didnt go to school yesterday? - Tom and Jerry.A. other B. others C. else D. another【答案与解析】C。 本句句意：昨天，还有谁迟到了？应该选C。因为表示“其他的”且放在疑问词后面的应该用else。 【考例2】Mary _a gift from Jack in her birthday party and she _it happily.A. received；received B. received；acceptedC. accepted；accepted D. accepted；received【答案与解析】B。 本题前半句表示玛丽“收到”来自于杰克的生日礼物，后半句则强调她和高兴的“收下”了礼物。因此应该选择B。 receive的意思是“接到”“收到”， 指“接收”的动作或事实；accept的意思是“接受”、“收下”，强调“收到”的结果，同意或愿意接受。语法一点通表示“提建议”的句子结构语法点拨：表示“提建议”的句子结构1s