英语句子结构

英语句子概论,基本成分附属成分连接成分,简单句并列句复合句,主语不及物动词（S+Vi）主语及物动词宾语(S+Vt+O)主语系动词表(S+LV+predicative)主语双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)主语宾补动词宾语宾语补语(S+Vt.+O+O.compl)There+be/stand/lie/live.,简单句的五种基本句型,简单句的基本词序,(时间）主语动词部分宾语状语（谓语）方式地点（时间）Thetaxidrivershoutedatmeangrilyonthestreetlastnight.Thismorningayounggirlwalkedconfidentlyintheroom,简单句的扩展成份,简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。Iboughtaraincoatwithawarmlining(衬里，内层).Abrightlittleboywithrosycheeksputthreebottlesofmilkquietlyonmydoorstepbeforesevenoclock.Theyounggirlwithlongblackhairseemstobeveryhappy.,简单句,简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。主要有下列四种句型陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句,Examples:Theboyhitthedog.Doestheshopcloseat7tonight?Shutthedoor.Whataslowtrainthisis!Howslowlythetrainis!,并列句,常用并列连词coordinatingconjunctions,平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:,and,bothand,aswellas,notonlybutalso,andthen,but,however,while,yet,nevertheless,for,so,therefore,hence,or,eitheror,neithernor,并列句,需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。,用分号：Wefishedallday;wedidntcatchathing.,用分号，后跟一个连接副词：Wefishedallday;however,wedidntcatchathing.,用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等）Wefishedallday,but(we)didntcatchathing.,Exercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。,Hewastired,sohewenttobed.,1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.,2.Thechildhidbehindhismothersskirt.Hewasafraidofthedog.,3.Hemadeapromise.Hedidntkeepit.,Hemadeapromise,butHedidntkeepit.,Thechildhidbehindhismothersskirt,forhewasafraidofthedog.,由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。复合句=主句+从句,复合句,复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：1.主语从句2.宾语从句3.表语从句4.定语从句5.状语从句6.同位语从句,英文写作中最常使用的从句宾语从句状语从句定语从句,复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句,Hetoldme,thenews.,thatthematchhadbeencancelled.,宾语,thatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.,whenhewasleavingforParis.,宾语从句,复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句,Idontknow,him.,Hehasfinishedhiswork,thathehasfinishedhiswork.whetherhehasfinishedhiswork.,宾语从句,HeisleavingforWashington.,whenheisleavingforWashington.whyheisleavingforWashington.howheisleavingforWashington.,复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句,thepeople,surprised,That,Whathesaidwherehefoundthebaby,主语,Thathedidntknowtheanswer,intheroom.,定语,whoweresittingintheroom.whosesonswereatwar.whohadsignedthecontract.,复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句,That,is,thefact.,表语,whathegaveme.whyhewaslate.,复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句,Heworked,inthatfactory,threeyearsago.,地点状语,时间状语,wherehisfatherworked,whereIlived,whenhelivedthere,Hisfatherworkedthere.,Ilivedthere.,Helivedtherethreeyearsago.,复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句,Putthebook,onthedesk.,whereyoutookit.,whereitwas.,地点状语,whereyoufoundit.,Youcantcamp,here.,wheretherearealotoftrees.,whereveryoulike.,指出下列各从句的类型,Ibelievethateverythingisgoingonwell.ShewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,Practice,1.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.2.MrsBlackwontbelievethathersonhasbecomeathief.3.Myideaisthatweshoulddoitrightnow.4.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,用所给连词连接句子。,Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why),Hehasfoundoutwhyshewaslate.,Istillremembertheday.IfirstwenttoYorkonthatday.(when),IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttoYork.,将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句的复合句。,Practice,Hedidntcomeyesterday.Hewasill.(原因),Hedidntcomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.,Illgivethelettertohim.Iseehim.（时间）Itissuchabigbox.Nobodycanmoveit.（结果）WellgototheGreatWall.Itsfinetomorrow.(条件)Weshouldnotgothereallthetime.Theplaceisquitepleasant.(让步）,Itissuchabigboxthatnobodycanmoveit.,WellgototheGreatWallifitsfinetomorrow.,Althoughtheplaceisquitepleasant,weshouldnotgothereallthetime.,IllgivethelettertohimwhenIseehim.IllgivethelettertohimassoonasIseehim.IllgivethelettertohimthemomentIseehim.,THEEND,nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.,主语,谓语,宾语,表语,Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitive,Noun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.,nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.,主语不及物动词Shecame/Myheadaches.主语及物动词宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语系动词主语补语Sheishappy主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语ShegaveJohnabookSheboughtabookforme.主语宾补动词宾语宾语补语ShemakeshermotherangryTheteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.,简单句基本句型实例,附属成分,基本成分的修饰语。可以是：定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。,定语PoorJohntotteredtowardahospitalnearbyShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.JohngaveMarymanybooks，whicharefullofillustrationsHaveyouseenthebookonthedesk?Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.Peopletherelikesports.,JohnoftencametochatwithmeJohnlikesorangesverymuchWheneverhegetsdrunk，JohnmakesMaryveryangryHearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Ashewasill,hedidntcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doing