初中八种时态详解和练习

1：一般现在时用法例句：American drinks a lot of coffee.Jack is very busy at the moment.The earth travels around the sun. As soon as I get to Beijing, Ill ring you up.-When does the bus start? 1. 一般现在时的基本构成主语+动词原型主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，动词用第三人称单数形式，其它人称主语动词用原形。2. 一般现在时的用法1) 经常性的动作用于说明一个经常性、习惯性的动作。这时句中常用often, usually, every day, sometimes等时间状语。He goes to school at six every day.2）现在的状态和主语的特征We like surfing the Internet in our spare time.3. 一般现在时的特殊用法1) 事实和真理表示现在的状态、特征和按常理应该存在的情况，表示普遍真理或客观事实。My parents live in a village near Shanghai.In autumn, leaves change from green to yellow.The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.2) 代替将来时(1) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时：在由 when, after, before, until, till, as soon as, the minute / second / moment, the next time 等引导的时间状语中由 if, so / as long as, once, even if, although, whetheror, in case, whatever, whenever, wherever 等引导的条件状语从句中 If you come this afternoon, well have a meeting.Aunt Lucy will tell us something about her trip to Australia when she comes back.(2) 用于时间表、日程表中，表示按计划要发生的动作，这时句中都带有时间状语，表示往返移动(come, go, arrive, leave, move, drive)或开始结束的动词(begin, end, open, close, start, stop)，用一般式表将来。The train leaves at nine in the morning. 火车上午九点出发。-It starts in ten minutes. 再过10分钟。4. 一般现在时常用的时间标志词：通常与表示频度的副词如 often, sometimes, usually, always, occasionally 等和时间状语如 in the evening, at night, twice a month, every day / week / month / year, on Sundays 等连用。2：一般过去时例句：He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. I often went swimming last summer. My teacher didnt tell me the fact. Did you attend the party yesterday?1.一般过去时的基础构成：主语+动词过去式2. 一般过去时的用法1) 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去时带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,He lived in Paris until he was ten.2) 过去的习惯动作，常与时间状语every day, usually等连用。I often went to see my aunt last year.3) 配合时态上的一致，用过去时。He told me his mother was ill.3. 一般过去时常用的时间标志词yesterday, the day before last, last week, at that time, then, at that moment, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening), last night (week, month, year), 一段时间 + ago(several days ago), two days ago, a week ago, three years ago, long long agoin 1990, just now, long before,. 上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。3：一般将来时例句：I will go back to school tomorrow. Will you go to Paris with me? My brother is going to arrive here.1.一般将来时的基础构成1）由will/wont加动词原形构成，可用于一切人称。当主语I或we是时，也可用shall/shant加动词原形。2）be going to do sth. 3) 例句：There is going to be a match this evening. There will be a wonderful concert this month. There be句型的将来时：（注意：其中的be不变）There will beThere is/are going to be2. 一般将来时的用法1) will/wont表示预测的将来，即认为某事肯定会发生；还可表示将来的意愿；将来的事实。The weather will be good tomorrow.You look tired. Ill cook dinner tonight.Ill be thirteen years old next month.2) “be going to +动词原形”表示即将发生，或最近打算进行的。It is going to rain.We are going to have a meeting today.注意：在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来。When he comes, I shall/will give him your message.3. 一般将来时常用的时间标志词this morning /afternoon /evening今天上/下午/晚上tomorrow明天，the day after tomorrow后天next week/month/year下个星期/下个月/明年in two days = in two days time两天后，in a week一星期后, soon例题例题1:（09年上海中考）When summer _, some children will go to the seaside for fun.A)comes B)came C)will come D)would come解析：A时间条件状语从句中，不用将来时，用一般现在时态表示一般将来例题2: （11年上海中考）Now my father _his bike to work everyday instead of drivingA) ride B) rode C) rides D) will ride 解析：C now说明要用现在，everyday用一般时态例题3:（08年上海中考）Kevin _ to work in his hometown after he graduated from university.A) goes B) went C) will go D) had gone解析：B aftergraduated 过去时之后发生用一般过去时 比较：过去时之前用过去完成时 相对于过去的某个时间点将要发生的事用过去将来时例题4:（10年上海中考）Tina and her parents _to England for sightseeing last summer.A) go B)went C) will go D)have gone解析：B aftergraduated 过去时之后发生用一般过去时 比较：过去时之前用过去完成时 相对于过去的某个时间点将要发生的事用过去将来时例题5:（11年上海中考）We are glad to hear that the Greens _to a new fiat next weekA) move B) moved C) will move D) have moved解析：C next week用一般将来时，主句are glad to现在时不影响从句时态 4：现在进行时用法例句：We are living a happy life.Is Jack making his model plane?We are leaving here tomorrow.It is still raining outside.1. 现在进行时的基础构成：主语+be动词(am, is, are)+现在分词构成2. 现在进行时的用法1) 动作正在进行：表示说话者说话时正在发生的动作或者目前一段时间内正在进行的动作或某些体感动词的持续状态。They are playing tennis,My foot is hurting.现在进行时的时间状语为now ，at the moment，但很多题目在考察进行时态时没有明确的时间状语*某人现在不能做某事，因为他正在做*用look！listen！等开头，强调某人正在做某事*现在.点了/很晚了，但是（but）某人仍然（still）正在做某事2) 代替最近的将来表示最近的将来，常伴有时间状语。 这类词有：come, go, leave, arrive, start, stop, fly等。They are getting married next month.5：过去进行时用法例句： I was sleeping at 3:00 last Sunday. Were you working all the time yesterday? What were you doing yesterday morning?1. 过去进行时的基础构成 主语+was/ were + 现在分词2. 过去进行时的用法1） 表示过去某一时间或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。Tom was sleeping this time yesterday.Yesterday afternoon, the boys were playing football in the playground while the girls were singing in the classroom.Just as the thieves were leaving, the policeman arrived.2) 替代过去将来时。由come, go, arrive, leave等趋向性动词构成的过去进行时可用来表示过去计划或打算要做的事。He said the train was leaving soon.She told me on the phone that she was coming.3. 标志的时间状语1)常与表示过去特定时间的时间状语连用；this time yesterday, at four oclock yesterday afternoon（具体到过去的某一时间点）, at that time, from 3:00 to 5:00 等2)常出现在由连词when, as, just as, while 等引导的时间状语从句中。I was doing my homework while my mum was cooking in the kitchen.重点常考点;when A did sth , B was doing sth else.当某人做某事的时候，另一个人正在做另一件事My mum was cooking when I came back home yesterday evening.例题1:（08年上海中考）Look! Janes grandmother _ with some aged people in the park.A) dances B) danced C) is dancing D) was dancing解析：C 句中有look listen 多用现在进行时例题2:（10年上海中考）Today is Fathers Day. My mother_ a special dinner for my grandpa now.A) prepare B) prepared C) is preparing D) will prepare解析：C 句中有 now 用现在进行时例题3:（09年上海中考）He was still working on his project while other people _a rest.A) were having B) are having C) will have D)have解析：A while前后两个动作同时进行6：现在完成时的构成1. 现在完成时的构成： 主语+ have/has+ 过去分词2. 过去分词的构成1）规则变化同一般过去式动词规则变化2）不规则变化分为AAA型如put-put-put，ABB型如say-said-said，ABC型如draw-drew-drawn，ABA型如come-came-come，需着重记忆。3. 其中的have / has 为助动词，构成疑问句时，可将其提前；构成否定句时，可直接在其后加not。2 现在完成时用法1) 现在完成时所表示的动作发生在过去，在说话之前已经完成，强调对现在的影响。He has been to Beijing twice. 他去过北京两次。He has been in Beijing for two years. 他在北京呆了两年了。He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。I have just finished my homework. 我刚刚已经完成了我的功课。注意：has been to指去过，已经回来了; has been in呆在某地（有一段时间了）; has gone to指去了还没有回来。注意：Just用于现在完成时态，just now用于一般过去时态，e.g. I came back just now. 我刚刚回来。2) 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去，常与for和since连用，for接时间段，since接时间点，都是用how long 提问。He has taught English at this school since 2003. I havent seen him since three years ago.= I havent seen him for three years= I saw him three years ago. Great changes have taken place here since you left.注意：正确使用for和since, 表示短暂动作的词的完成时不能与表示时间段的状语连用，必须把瞬间动词转换为延续性动词。如：He died two years ago. = He has been dead for two years.非延续性动词相对的延续性动词有：非延续性动词/短暂动作延续性动词leavebe awayborrowkeepbuyhavebegin/startbe ondiebe deadmovelive injoinbe infinishbe overbe openkeep sth openfall inbe ill4. 现在完成时常用的时间状语及句型结构（1）时间段：for + 时间段；since + 时间点，ever since, since then,for the last few centuries, for years / ages, for a long time,these days ,through centuries, throughout history ,（2）已经、还未、刚刚：already, yet, justseldom很少, never从不, ever曾经, before, （3）最近：lately, recently, just, 至今：up to now; till now; so far, 最近几年、月、星期、天：in the past few years/months/weeks/days, over the past few years, during the last three months, in / over the past few years,（4）现在完成时的两个常用句型及since和for的用法1现在完成时常用于下面两个句型中。1)在有序数词及the only构成的这一句型中，用现在完成时。 It the first, the last is+序数词 +名词+(that)+现在完成时 This the only It (This) is the second time that weve met each other.这是我们第二次见面。 It (This) is the only book that he has ever written.这是他写的唯一的一本书。 2)在有形容词最高级构成的这一句型中，用现在完成时。 It the best, the worst is+最高级 +名词+(that)+现在完成时 This the most interesting It is the best film that Ive ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the most interesting book that Ive ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的书。2since的三种用法。 过去的时间点(a point of time in the past) since+ 一段时间(a period of time)+ago 从句（谓语用非持续性动词的过去时） He has taught English at this school since 1993. 1993年以来，他一直在这学校教英语。 I havent seen him since three years ago. 3年来我一直没见过他。Great changes have taken place here since you left.你离开以来，这儿发生了巨大变化。3. for后面接一段时间，表示这个状态持续了这么一段时间。我在这里呆了2年 I have been here for 2 years. 自从2005年开始我就在这里 I have been here since 2005（5）有时在时间或条件状语从句中，可用现在完成时代替将来完成时。例题1: （09年上海中考）I _ you already that washing hands often will help prevent the A-H1N1 Flu. A)tell B)told C)have told D)am telling解析C. already 用现在完成时例题2:（10年上海中考）The Harry Potter books_pretty popular since they were published.A) become B) will become C) have become D) are becoming解析: C. since +过去时间/动词过去时 用现在完成时练习：A1). Yao Ming _ in NBA since 2002.A. is B. was C. has been D. will be2). Mike _ as a chemistry teacher for over twenty years.A. has worked B. worked C. working D. works3). China _six astronauts into space since 2003. A. sent B. will send C. has sent D. has been sent4). He _ the magazine for two weeks. He should go to the library to renew it.A. borrowed B. has borrowed C. has lent D. has kept5). Though Qian Xuesen _ for several months, we will remember him forever.A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been deadB1) Our teachers_ us already that washing hands often will help us prevent the A-H1N1 Flu.A. tell B. told C. have told D. is telling2) - Look! The light is still on in Mr. Zhangs office. - Im afraid he _ his work yet.A. doesnt finish B. didnt finish C. hasnt finished D. wont finish3) Bolt from Jamaica（牙买加）_ both the 100m and 200m records already.A. breaks B. broke C. has broken D. will break4) I dont want to see the film because I _it already.A. will seeB. saw C. have seen D. had seen5) _ you ever _ for a newspaper?Yes. I think its a good experience for me.A. Do, write B. Have, written C. Will, write D. Did, writeC1) Nancy _ many famous places since she came to live in China last year. A. has visited B. will visit C. was visiting D. had visited2) Mr. Smith _ in Shanghai since he left the army.A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. will live3) Macao _ great progress since it returned to China in 1999.A. made B. makes C. has made D. was made4) People _ the virus of H1NI since the early of last year.A. studied B. have studied C. will study D. had studied5) Shanghai _ so much that even Shanghainese need a map when they go around the city.A. are changed B. has changed C. will change D. had changedD1). Not only my sister but also I _ to Seven-Star Skiing Yard twice. A. has gone B. have gone C. has been D. have been2). Sherry France many times, so she is very familiar with its capital city, Paris.A. visited B. will visit C. has visited D. is visitingE1). My aunt isnt hereShe _ Beijing on businessShe will be back in three daysA. has gone to B. has been to C. went D. will go to 2). - Where is your uncle? - He _ to Hong Kong. He will come back in two weeks. A. has been B. had been C. has gone D. went 3) Mr. Marko _ many countries before he started to work in this company.A. went to B. goes to C. has been to D. had been to4) My aunt America on business for four years.A. has been to B. has been in C. has gone to D. had gone toKEYS: 1. CACDD 2. CCCCB 3. ACCBB 4. DC 5. ACDB7：过去将来时用法例句：I didnt know if he would come. They never knew that population would become a big problem. She didnt tell me where she would go. Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday. 1. 句型结构肯定句 主+ should +do / would + do +其他. 否定句 主+ should not + do / would not + do +其他. 一般疑问句 Would /should+主+do2. 适用范围：一般过去将来时主要表示从过去某时看将要发生的事或存在的状态。时间的出发点是过去。该时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中, 主句的谓语动词常常是过去时.易错点：常见用在过去将来中的谓语动词promised 承诺，predict 预测例如：My brother told me that he would be back on Saturday.我哥哥告诉我他星期天回来。He said that the meeting would begin at half past nine this morning.他说会议将在今天早晨九点半开始。No one knew which country would hold the next Olympic Games.没有人知道哪个国家将举行下次奥林匹克运动会。3. 其他形式表示过去将来（1）was/ were + going to+动词原形常可用来表示（a）按计划或安排即将发生的事（b）根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。e.g.：It seemed as if it was going to rain.（2） come， go， leave， arrive， start等某些（表示短暂性动作的动词）移位动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。（用法同现在进行时表一般将来时）例如：He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. She told me she was coming to see me.（3）条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：I didnt know when she would come， but when she came I would let you know.The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didnt work hard. (相当于主将从现，只是把时间全移到过去。一般将来对应过去将来，一般现在对应一般过去)4. 过去将来时典型错误例析：1. 我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。误：We didnt know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.正：We didnt know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.析：该句主句为过去时，且宾语从句表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作，所以从句要用过去将来时态。2. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。误：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.析：在时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。3. 他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去农场。误：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didnt rain the next Sunday.析：在条件状语从句中，也常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。4. 王林打电话告诉她妈妈，她要买一些书。误：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.析：过去将来时可以由“助动词should/would+动词原形”构成，但should一般只用于第一人称。而would可用于各种人称。5. 上次我见到你时，你正打算开始乘火车去西藏。误：Last time I saw you， you had started to go to Tibet by train.正：Last time I saw you， you were going to start to go to Tibet by train.析：last time是一般过去时或过去将来时的显著标志。8过去完成时1. 句型结构（肯定句） 主+ had +过去分词+其他. (否定句) 主+ had + not+过去分词+其他. (一般疑问句) Had+主+过去分词+其他?（回答） Yes,主+ had. No,主+ hadnt 2. 过去完成时主要用于以下几种情况:（1）概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|- 过去的某个时间以前 过去的某个时间 现在 1）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。Soon I realized I had made a serious mistake.我很快就意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。2）有明显的时间先后顺序的句子中在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.我在进大学之前就已学了5000个单词。（2）过去完成时的时间状语：By+过去的时间，By the end of+过去时间By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work.到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 例题：1 It was reported that more young teachers _ to Yunnan sometime next year.A. would send B. will send C. would be sent D. will be sent答案：C 句中的next year表明在谓语动词was reported 之后发生2. Peter promised that he _ his sister an electronic dictionary.A. has bought B. had bought C. would buy D. will buy答案：C 常见用在过去将来中的谓语动词promised 承诺，predict 预测3. My friend told me that he _ to Hong Kong the next month.A. will go B. would go C. goes D. went答案：B 句中的next month表明在谓语动词told 之后发生4. The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案：D. 把书忘在办公室发生在去取书这一过去的动作之前，因此忘了书这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在同学们正忙于这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。5. By the end of last week, we _ nine suggestions on environmental protection.A. have got B. got C. had got D. will get答案：C By the end of last week表明在last week 之前发生，即过去的过去6. By the age of twelve, the little girl _her