初中英语副词讲义

初中英语副词讲义1、 定义副词（adverb，简写为 adv.）是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或全句的词，说明时间、地点、 程度、方式等概念。2、 句法功能副词在句中主要用作状语，表语，补语，定语。（句子主干成分：主、谓、宾、系、表；修饰成分：定、状、补）Eg. He works hard. （作状语） You speak English very well. （作状语） Food here is hardly to get. （作状语） Is she in ? （作表语） Let him out!（作补语） 3、 常见的副词类型1) 时间和频度副词：now, then, often, always, usually, early, today, late, next, already, generally, frequently, seldom, ever, never, yet, soon, too, immediately, finally, shortly, before, ago, sometimes, yesterday, once, twice2) 地点副词：here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on3) 方式副词：carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly 4) 程度副词：much, little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly, hardly5) 疑问副词：how, when, where, why6)关系副词：when, where, why 7) 连接副词：therefore, moreover, however, otherwise, then四、修饰成分 修饰动词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式、频度等。一般位于动词之后，如果动词有宾语，则要位于宾语之后。频度副词通常放在行为动词前，be动词、情态动词或助动词后面。例如：The boy is always asking his parents for money. She never goes to the cinema. I have never seen the film before. 修饰形容词、副词、介词短语，一般前置，只有enough例外，需要后置。例如：She seems quite happy. Youve done rather badly in the test. The wind was right in our faces. This girl is not old enough to go to school. He didnt run fast enough to catch the train. 用作表语，多为与介词同形的副词和表示方位的副词。例如：Is anybody in? Father is away. I am downstairs and my brother is upstairs. My friend is still abroad. 少数表示地点或时间的副词还可用作定语，一般位于名词之后。例如：I hope youll enjoy your stay here. 希望你在这里过得愉快。I met a friend of mine on my way home. 在我回家的路上，我碰到一位朋友。What did you think of the meeting yesterday? 你觉得昨天的会开得怎样？五、副词的构成从形态上看，大多数副词都是由形容词后缀-ly构成的，例如：slowly, heavily, truly, terribly等。形容词变副词： 在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily 某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently注意: friendly; motherly; lovely，weekly，lively等词是形容词而非副词。 英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词，例如：daily, early, fast, hard, high, long, near, straight, well等。请比较它们的词义和用法：the high jump 跳高项目（形容词） to jump high 跳得高（副词）a fast car 行得快的汽车（形容词）to drive fast 开快车（副词）an early riser 早起的人（形容词）to get up early 起得早（副词）a straight line直线（形容词）Go straight ahead. 一直朝前走。（副词）注意：兼有两种形式的副词 late 与lately：late意思是晚； lately 意思是最近。例如：You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? deep与deeply：deep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地。例如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. high与highly：high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much 。例如：The plane was flying