经济资源管理学与财务知识分析讲座

资源经济学系列讲座,海岸带资源经济学问题与海岸管理,资源经济学问题?,经济学?资源经济学?非资源经济学?自然资源经济学,海洋资源?,海岸带资源系统,海岸带资源系统,循环资源,再生资源,耗竭性资源,土地资源,滩涂资源,旅游资源,潮汐能资源,森林资源,海藻资源,鱼类资源,油气资源,矿产资源,近海陆地,潮间带,近岸水域,海岸带空间系统,资源的特点,可变性复杂性不可确定性矛盾性多用途性,海洋资源问题?,不均衡性多用途性复杂性,海洋产业?,相关产业间的关系,协同的（synergistic）旅游业和宾馆业、港口和临海工业互补的（complementary）养殖业和海产品加工业、捕捞和造船竞争的（Competitive）捕捞和养殖对抗的（Antagonistic）港口和旅游、房地产和生态保护区建设,Problems,市场失败（海南三亚虾池案例）政策失败信息失败,Whatisexternality?,PositiveexternalityNegativeexternality,SpatialTemporal,Howexternalitiesandvaluationaffectdecisionmaking(anexamplefromamangroveforest),Valuationofgoodsandservices,Casestudy:ChangeinProduction-PALAWAN,BacuitBay,SouthChinaSea,PALAWAN,EINido,Manlagriver,Coralreef,Loggingconcession,Drainagebasin,Divingresort,5km,N,Problems,市场失败政策失败信息失败,Who?,ManagementsectorsCommunitiesPrivatesectorsScientistsTrainers,海岸部分产业、活动与管理部门,Where?,UNCLOS规定的各海域范围,200NauticalMiles,ExclusiveEconomicZone,12A,12B,Mainland,A:TerritorialSeaB:ContiguousZone,HighSea,ContinentalShelf,DeepSea,ContinentalSlopeContinentalRise,When?,Pro-actionInter-actionRe-action,How?,GloballevelUNCLOSRegionallevelAgreementNationallevelNationalLaw,AgendaLocallevelRegulations,InstitutionalapproachesCommunitylevelConventionIndividuallevelTrainingandEducation,信息流,资金流,资金,研究,确定问题,分析,设计,计划,设置,操作、保持,执行,监测,评估,运作,设计,一体化管理框架,预警系统,评估系统,监测系统,ICMSystem,资源,管理计划,行动计划和内容,需求,经济行为,产品和服务,资源利用,资金,排污和居群变化,矛盾,激励与机构,自然系统过程,物理度量,影响,反馈,政策节点分析,海岸资源,人力资源,社会资源,旅游业,加工,销售,消费,域外市场,增加生态风险,初级生产,减少经济机会,面源污染,点源污染,固废,生活污染,海岸生态、环境退化,增加健康风险,A1,A2,A4,A3,B1,B2,B3,B4,B2,B3,B2,B3,B1,监测,B4,交易成本,问：海里鱼少了，是谁的责任？,科思定理均衡过程图,P,D,B,P1,A1,科思定理均衡过程图,P,D,B,P1,A1,A2,P2,D+交易成本,结论：交易成本的存在，使得不同的产权配置会带来不同的经济效率；污染者付费有利于降低交易成本，有利于实现社会资源的合理配置。,PPP原则,交易成本概念,误导战略,问：海里鱼少了，工厂应赔多少？,Casestudy1:ChangeinProduction-PALAWAN,PalawanAnapplicationofthechangeinproductionapproachwithunidirectionalexternalities3maingroups:LoggersTraditionalfishermenResortoperators/scubadivers,Casestudy1:ChangeinProduction-PALAWAN,BacuitBay,SouthChinaSea,PALAWAN,EINido,Manlagriver,Coralreef,Loggingconcession,Drainagebasin,Divingresort,5km,N,Casestudy1:ChangeinProduction-PALAWAN,forest,Totalerosionamount,Casestudy1:ChangeinProduction-PALAWAN,Theeconomicanalysis:GenerationofGrossRevenuesLoggingFisheriesTourismassumptionsrevenueinformationeasiertoobtainthancostdata(secondbestsolution)Evenimperfectinformationcanpromptbetterdisclosureandincreasedprovisionofdata,Casestudy1:ChangeinProduction-PALAWAN,Casestudy1:ChangeinProduction-PALAWAN,Casestudy2:HedonicValuation,Hedonicvaluationapproaches:UseinformationonobservedbehaviortoestimateWTP(willingnesstopay)foranenvironmentalamenity(aneconomicgood)ordisamenity(aneconomicbad)RequiresinformationontransactionsanddifferencesinenvironmentalqualityOftenappliedtohousing,hotelroomsorotherlocationaldecisions(e.g.wagesandasunshinetax),Casestudy2:HedonicValuationTwoExamples,Flatsandhotelroompricinginresorts(e.g.onthebeachinHainan)Pricevarieswithfloor(higherfloorsaremoreexpensive)PricevarieswithviewOceanviewgardenviewusuallytheparkinglot,maybethemountains!Pricevarywithseason:Highseason/LowseasonOr,asinCostaRica,highseasonandthegreenseason(e.g.rain),Casestudy2:HedonicValuationTwoExamples,Procingoffacultyflatsatauni9versityinChina6storeybuilding,nolift,oneflatperfloor,roofleaks.Whatisthemonthlyrentalperflat?Ifgroundfloorrentsfor100permonth,whatarethemonthlyrentsforthefollowingfloors?Floor2_Floor3_Floor4_Floor5_Floor6(top)_,所谓资源，特别是自然资源，是指在一定时间、地点的条件能够产生经济价值，以提高人类当前和未来福利的自然环境因素和条件。UNEP自然资源是自然界中可被利用来为人类提供福利的自然物质和能量的总称。自然资源学导论,三层含义,存在于自然界资源的价值特征资源的物质性,海岸资源的类型,生物资源土地资源矿产资源能源空间资源化学资源水资源其它,资源的分类,可耗竭资源可回收的可耗竭资源不可回收的可耗竭资源可再生资源可再生商品性资源可再生公共物品资源恒生资源,资源的特点,可变性复杂性不可确定性矛盾性多用途性,资源的可变性,过度开采、使用人口的增长不公平地资源支配权,MaineconomicactivitiesalongtheJiangsucoastalzone,Agriculture(includingfishery)IndustryPortdevelopmentTourism,Totalnitrogen,TotalPhosphate,CODdischargesfromthethreecities,Surfacewaterquality(LianyungangCity),连云港市地表水和近海水域污染生产损失（19962000）,15.9,13.8,2.2,Lossesofthewaterpollution,Cost/benefitanalysisenvironmentalprotectionsector,连云港环保投入和环境污染损失占GDP的比重（1996-2000）,16.4%,8.8%,10.6%,0.93%,1.93%,Pressuresoncoastalwaterqualities,Humanactivitiesimpactsoncoastalwaterquality,Landbasedpollution,waterbasedpollution,Indirectlydischarge,none,Fromdrainpipe,Fisherypond,Directlydischarge,Ha.,Pollution/ha.,Humanactivitiesimpactsoncoastalwaterquality,Landbasedpollution,waterbasedpollution,Directlydischarge,Indirectlydischarge,Fromdrainpipe,Fisherypond,Pressuresoncoastalwaterqualities,Industrialdischarge,agriculture,Sewage,#offactories,Averagepollution/factory,Humanactivitiesimpactsoncoastalwaterquality,Landbasedpollution,waterbasedpollution,Directlydischarge,Indirectlydischarge,Pressuresoncoastalwaterqualities,Cultivatedarea,Pollution/ha.,Chemicaluse/ha.,TheEfficiencyofchemicalfertilizer,Aquaculturepollution,Humanactivitiesimpactsoncoastalwaterquality,Landbasedpollution,waterbasedpollution,Directlydischarge,Indirectlydischarge,Pressuresoncoastalwaterqualities,Industrialdischarge,agriculture,Sewage,Sewage/person,Population,Natureofthewaste,Humanactivitiesimpactsoncoastalwaterquality,Landbasedpollution,waterbasedpollution,Directlydischarge,Indirectlydischarge,Pressuresoncoastalwaterqualities,Industrialdischarge,agriculture,Sewage,#ofvessels,Pollution/vessel,Wastedischarge,Wastedischarge/person,#ofpeopleonboard,Vesselpollution,Cargo,Humanactivitiesimpactsoncoastalwaterquality,Landbasedpollution,waterbasedpollution,Directlydischarge,Indirectlydischarge,Pressuresoncoastalwaterqualities,Loadingefficiency,Nature,Humanactivitiesimpactsoncoastalwaterquality,Landbasedpollution,waterbasedpollution,Directlydischarge,Indirectlydischarge,Pressuresoncoastalwaterqualities,#ofvessels,Pollution/vessel,Vesselpollution,Wastedischarge,Cargo,Engine,Fuelquality,Paint,Humanactivitiesimpactsoncoastalwaterquality,Landbasedpollution,waterbasedpollution,Directlydischarge,Indirectlydischarge,Pressuresoncoastalwaterqualities,Pollution/vessel,Vesselpollution,Wastedischarge,Cargo,#ofvessels,Mainstressesexist,AgriculturepollutionLivestock,chemicalfertilizerResidentialsewagedischargeWastewatertreatmentfacilitiesMarineaquacultureFlowingpollutionsources(vessels)Structureofindustrydevelopment,MainChallenges,Rationale,PolicyGuidelines,Actionplan,海域污染控制层次污染源控制策略工业污染源控制城市生活污水控制陆地非点源控制污水资源化利用海上流动污染源控制重大涉海污染事故控制养殖排污控制绿色消费生态恢复策略环境管理策略,Availablepoliciesandapproaches,Fundamentalchanges:GoalchangesStructurechanges:RestructuredifferentdevelopmentsectorsBehaviorchanges:demonstration&educationDirectlymanaging工程标准，执行标准，数量限制，周围标准，禁止/庇护Incentiveapproaches排污收费，消耗收费，产品收费，押金退款，许可权交易，信息系统Otherapproaches保证款，严格