高中六大从句讲解及练习题总结

1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而 将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a facta pitya questiongood news that. *It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that. *It is clearimportantlikelypossible that. *It is saidreported has been proved that. It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what引导的主语从句表示“.的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 *What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈 述语序。 *How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. *I did not know why I felt like crying. 练习：1. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for2. _ makes mistakes must correct them. A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever3. _ Tom liked to eat was different from _. A. Thatthat you had expected B. What that you had expected C. Thatwhat you had expected D. Whatwhat you had expected4. It _ Bob drives badly. A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that5. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑 问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定 搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. （vt） *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. （prep） *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. （adj） *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. (介词的固定 搭配）2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 * He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将 否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 * He didnt think that the money was well spent. 练习：1 What did you parents think about your decision? They always let me do _ I think I should A whenB That C howD What2 Please remind me _ he said he was going I may be in time to see him off A whereB when C howD what 3 Mary wrote an article on_ the team had failed to win the game AWhy Bwhat Cwho DThat4 Someone is ringing the doorbell Go and see_ A who is heB who he is C who is itD who it is3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because. *Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America. *The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies. * It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller. 练习：1 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week . Is that_ you had a few days off？ A. why B .what C. when D. where2 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella _I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning. A. when B. which C. where D. what4. - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats _. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited4.同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的 意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有 fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision. 有时由于谓语 较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。 *She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show. *I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time. 练习：1.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability.A.that B.what C.which D.why2.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which B.that C./ D.it3.I have no idea _ he will start.A.when B.that C.what D./4.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A.whether B.where C.that D.when5.定语从句 定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。 *限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。 *Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people. *The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother. 1) 当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有 first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that 引导从句。 *That is all that Ive heard from him. *Hes the first person that Im going to interview this afternoon. 2) 关系代词的省略 在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。 *This is one of those things with which we have to put up. *This is one of those things (whichthat) we have to put up with. 3) 引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当 于一个“介词+which”的结构。 * No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day. 练习：1. The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3. This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5. That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. When*非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。 *He passed the exam, which surprised all of us. *“介词+whichwhomwhose”引导的定语从句 “介词+whichwhomwhose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。 *This is the computer on which he spent all his savings *It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar. *as引导的定语从句 as引导的定语从句主要用于“such.as”及“the same.as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。 *These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems) *As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)练习： 1.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. What 2.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. Tha 3.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 4.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. Who 5.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that6.状语从句 *时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有： 1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。 *We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here. 2)as soon as,hardly,when,no sooner.than,each(every)time,the moment,immediately(that)等。 *As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses. *The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy. 练习： We were told that we should follow the main road _ we reached the central railway station. A. whenever B. until C. while D. Wherever*地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever. *Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her. 练习： Dont leave the knife _ our little Jane can get it. A.in which B.to which C.that D.where*原因、结果和目的状语从句 1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。 *Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well. 2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so.that,such.that ,so that,that,so等。 *Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave. 3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that 等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。 *We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station. 练习： Roses need special care_they can live through winter. A.because B.so that C.even if D.as*条件和让步状语从句 1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,supposing等。 *As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data. 2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how.),whatever(whenever,wherever,however.)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名