hurt--injure--harm--wound用法区别

hurt, injure, harm, woundhurt, injure, harm 和 wound 都有伤的意思,但各自的含义和用法不同。hurt普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。如:The driver hurt himself badly in the accident. 那位司机在这次事故中伤得很重。She hurt her leg when she fell.她跌倒时,一条腿受了伤。He felt hurt at your words.你的话使他很难过。注意:指肉体上的伤害时,hurt可与badly, slightly, seriously等连用;但若指精神上的创伤,只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。injure比hurt正式,hurt 多指伤痛。而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等,强调功能的损失。如:A bullet injured his left eye. 一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。Drinking can injure ones health. 喝酒对人的健康有害。I hope I didnt injure her feelings.我希望没有伤害她的感情。harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可,有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物,尤其是指不道德的事情。如:Dont harm your eyes by reading in dim light. 不要在昏暗的灯光下看书,以免损害眼睛。I have never harmed anybody.我从未伤害过任何人。There was a fire in our street, but no one was harmed. 我们街里曾发生过火灾,但没人受伤。wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的伤,特指战场上的受伤。它可以指肉体上的伤害。也可比喻指人们精神上的创伤。如:The bullet wounded his arm. 子弹打伤了他的一只胳膊。The robber wounded him with a knife.那个强盗用刀刺伤了他。You have wounded his pride.你伤害了他的自尊心。hurt; injure; wound; cut hurt为普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害（可被badly, slightly, seriously等修饰），也可指精神上、感情上的伤害（被very muchratherdeeply修饰），多指伤痛。如：I hurt my leg badly in the football match在那场足球赛中，我的腿受了重伤。He felt rather hurt at your words你的话使他很难过。injure比hurt正式，主要指意外事故中损害健康、容貌等，强调功能的损失。如：A bullet injured his left eye一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，尤其指用武器有意造成的伤口、伤疤或战场上受伤。也可指人们精神上的创伤。如：The thief wounded him with a knife那小偷用刀刺伤了他。You have wounded his pride你伤害了他的自尊心。cut指无意中造成的轻伤。如：How did you get that cut on your hand你手上的伤口是怎么弄的？1. hurt指“使人的肉体受伤而疼痛”，或“伤了人的自尊心或感情”。例如： *Xiao Li hurt herself when she fell down the stairs. 小李从楼梯摔下来，跌伤了。 *Thatll hurt her feeling. 那会伤他的感情。 hurt常用作不及物动词,表示“痛”的意思。例如 *My leg still hurts. 我的腿还在疼。 hurt的过去分词只作表语，不用作定语。hurt可以表示精神上的肉体上 的“创伤”。 2. wound主要用于肉体上的“创伤”，一般指严重的外伤，主要指在战场上 受枪弹伤害。作为及物动词，它的宾语是整个人，而不是受伤的部位。 例如： *He got wounded in action. 他在战斗中受伤。 *The bullet wounded him in the shoulder. 子弹伤了他的肩膀。 注：wound adj. 受伤的; wounded n. 全部伤员。例如 *The wounded were removed. 所有伤员转移了。 3. injure一般指由于意外或事故造成损伤。它常暗示受伤部位的功能受到 影响，而hurt的结果不一定机能的发挥。例如： *Tom injured his leg in a skating accident. 汤姆在一次滑水事故中伤了腿。 练习1. The_ are well tended. A. wounding B. wounds C. wounded D. wound 2. The arrow _ her in the chest.A. hurt B. wouded C. hit D. injured 3. He _ himself in a traffic accident. A. hurt B. wounded C. injured D. damaged 4. Thatll _ his feelings. Dont do that. A. hurt B. wound C. damage D. injure 5. After a time,my back didnt _ any more. A.wound B. injure C.hurt D. hit 答案: 1)C 2)B 3)A 4)A 5)C damage, destroy, harm, hurt, pain ,injure, wound 区别1)destroy毁灭，消灭，指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复，有时可用于比喻意义。如： The earthquake destroyed the whole city地震毁了整座城市。 All his hopes were destroyed by her letter of refusal. 他所有的希望都被她的拒绝信毁了。 2)damage伤害，损害，主要指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还可修复。damage或destroy所表示的破坏，是指对房屋或车辆等的损坏。有时该词也用于借喻. Her heart was slightly damaged as a result Of the disease由于生病，她的心脏轻微受损。 They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged他们设法修复了受到破坏的房屋。 What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries.他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系. 3) ruin 多用于借喻之中,经常指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度.表示“使破产；糟蹋掉”的意思。 The rain will ruin the crops. 这雨会把庄稼毁掉的.I was ruined by that law case; Im a ruined man. 我被那场官司毁了,我破产了. He ruined himself by taking drugs. 他吸食毒品把自己给毁了。 4)harm伤害，损害，主要用于有生命的东西，偶尔也用于无生命的事物，常指伤及一个人或其健康、权利、事业等。构成短语do harm to，表示的范围更广。 Smoking seriously harmed his health. 吸烟严重损害了他的健康。 They had their hearing harmed by the loud noise of machines.他们的听力被机器的巨大噪音所损害。 5)hurt指精神上,感情上或肉体上的“创伤，伤害”。作不及物动词意思是“疼”。其过去分词不能作定语。His words hurt memy feelings他的话伤了我我的感情。 He fell and hurt his leg. 他掉下来伤了腿。My shoes are so tight that my feet hurt 鞋太紧，我的脚疼。 6)injury指意外伤害或事故造成的伤害，有危及功能发展之意。作名词可指平时的大小创伤或伤害. Several children were injured in the accident. 好几个孩子在那次事故中受伤。 He got serious injuries to the legs at work. 他干活时腿受了重伤. 注意：the injured指因事故造成的“受伤者”。 7)wound一般指刀伤，枪伤，战场上受伤，也可指对感情的伤害。后跟的宾语是整个人而不是受伤部位。另外，wound还可作可数名词。还可指伤口。He got wounded in the battle 他在战斗中受伤。A nurse cleaned and bandaged the wound. 护士把伤口清洗包扎好. He received a serious wound in the battle. 注意：the wounded表示“伤员”，wounded前也可用具体数字修饰。如： There were twenty wounded in the field hospital.练习 1.The_arewelltended. A.woundingB.wounds C.woundedD.wound 2.Thearrow_herinthechest. A.hurtB.wouded C.hitD.injured 3.He_himselfinatrafficaccident. A.hurtB.wounded C.injuredD.damaged 4.Thatll_hisfeelings.Dontdothat. A.hurtB.wound C.damageD.injure 5.Afteratime, mybackdidnt_anymore. A. woundB.injure C. hurtD.hit 答案:1)C2)B3)A4)A5)C区别wound, injure, harm,hurt,damage:wound (外伤) 枪伤，刀伤,剑伤等;injure 意外事故而对身体部位造成的伤害 (有时导致功能的丧失或容貌的伤害)harm 损害,危害(健康、权利、事业,视力, 社会公德等)hurt 1)多指情感或精神上的伤害 2)伤痛damage (对物体的局部)损坏,使其使用价值 降低,可以修复 Smoking does great _ to our health.It _ a lot when I bend my knee.Many soldiers got _ in the battle.Fortunately, neither the driver nor the passengers were _ in the crash.What really _ me is that he always ignores meHe_ my car with a stone.A bullet _ his left e