汉英翻译课件之_句子翻译之复句翻译

句子翻译之,汉语复句英译,复句是由两个或两个以上意义上相关，结构上互不作句子成分的小句组成。例：睡了一整天，他仍然没有恢复体力。天气闷热，下着小雨。复句是汉语篇章中频繁出现的句式。,按邢福义（2000）分类标准，汉语复句按其关系可分为三大类，通常由标明关系的关系词语来表示其类别。1 因果类复句。包括：1）因果句（因为.所以.,（之）所以.（就/是）因为.，.因为.，越.越）2）推断句（既然那么/就.，.可见.，与其.不如.),3) 假设句（如果.那么/就.，如果.，要不是.就.，如果说.那么.)4) 条件句（只有才，只要就.，必须.才，除非才，只要）5）目的句（以便，以免）,2 并列类复句1）并列句（既也.，又又，也也，一边一边，一方面一方面，不是而是，是而不是）2）连贯句（接着，然后）3）递进句（不但而且，不仅就连.，不但反而，固然更）4）选择句（或者或者，不是就是，要么要么，是还是）,3 转折类复句1）突转句（但是，可是，然而，只是）2）让步句（虽然但是，即使也，无论都，宁可也）3）假转句（否则，要不然）,有时复句中的关系词语隐含不显。如：那所学校越办越好，这所学校越办越差。睡了一整天，他仍然没有恢复体力。在翻译中，有必要添加相应关系词语表示这种关系。,英语句子按结构分类，也可分为简单句（simple sentence) 和复杂句（multiple sentence).简单句指只包含一个主谓结构而且各个成分均由词组构成的句子。例如：The students have made better grades in the past few weeks.The boy can stay in the room for a few minutes.,复杂句又分为并列句（compound sentence)和复合句(complex sentence)。两个或两个以上的简单句由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来便构成并列句。例如：Miss Lindstorm came to the party, but Mr and Mrs Sherman did not.Most of us were in the hall, the doors had been closed, and the latecomers had to wait outside.,若某个句子成分直接由从属成分表示，那么这种句子便不是简单句而是复合句。例如：The students would have made better grades if they had studied hard.The boy can stay in the room as long as he keeps quiet.What he said is not true.I didnt understand what he meant.,译成简单句：先有口语，后有笔语。Written language comes after spoken language.要不是下雨，我们早就出门了。We would have gone out long ago but for the rain.,尽管他家境贫困，但他没有辍学。He didnt drop out of school despite his poverty-stricken family.尽管他说对我们的想法颇感兴趣，我们并未太当真，因为我们怀疑他仅仅是沽名钓誉。We didnt take his expression of interest in our ideas too seriously, for we suspected that he was merely angling for praise.,中国是联合国的创始国，我们一向信守联合国宪章和国际法准则。As a founding member of the united states, China has always abided by UN Chapter and international laws.,译成并列句：年老的剧作家为年轻的演员出谋划策，有前途的艺术家向公认的天才挑战，自诩的诗人奉迎巴结文学名流。Old playwrights advise young actors, promising artists question acknowledged geniuses, would-be poets fawn over literary lions. 这对夫妇不久前添置了一套新家具，现在又买了辆新车，他们家的情况一定是好转起来了。This couple had a new suite of furniture not so long ago, and now they have got a new car; things must be looking up with them.,这场球打输了，一方面是由于对方实力较强，一方面也是因为我们没有配合好。We lost the game because, for one thing, our opponents were quite strong and, for another, our teamwork was poor.老王一声不吭地站在那里，因为他正怒火中烧呢。Old Wang stood there speechless, for he was burning with anger.,他们一方面很想去医院看望班长，一方面又怕影响他休息。On the one hand, they wanted very much to visit their monitor in hospital; on the other hand, they didnt want to disturb him.他既听不见，也几乎不能讲话。Ha cant hear and he can hardly speak either.师部连夜召开会议，可见军情十分紧急。The division headquarter held a meeting all through the night, it is evident that the military situation is critical.,把温度调低，要不然蛋糕就会烧煳的。Turn the heat down, or else your cake will burn.赶快给他发个短信，要么打个长途也行。Send him a short message at once, or give him a long-distance call.要么她来，要么我去，我们总得碰个头。Either she comes here or I go there, in any case, we have got to see each other.,令我感到精神抖擞的与其说是与我一生中交往的大多数人相遇，不如说是见到你的来信。I am more alive in the presence of a letter from you than in the company of most of the people I encountered in my life.,译成复合句：以状语形式译之：时间状语：他妻子拿着一个盘子走过去，他连一句话也没跟他说。He said no word to his wife as she passed with a plates.,扣除收入所得税和房屋修缮费，这几间小别墅的租金收入是微不足道的。The amount which is brought in by the rents of those few cottages is almost negligible when income tax and cost of repairs are deducted.,我们刚要说话，她就哭了。We had hardly uttered the words when she began crying.我们刚到雨就停了。We had no sooner arrived than the rain stopped.还得有段时间，我们才能知道全部的结果。It will be some time before we can know the full results.,人们提醒房东注意楼梯的危险情况，房东即刻答应修一修。As soon as the proprietors attention was called to the dangerous state of the staircase, he promised to have it repaired at once.,条件状语：如果是20年前来到张家界国家森林公园，泥泞的山路可能会让游客的兴致打一些折扣。If you visited the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park twenty years ago, the muddy mountain paths might make the trip less pleasant.绑架者扬言要做了他，如果他不告诉他们秘密文件藏在哪里的话。His kidnappers threatened to kill him if he did not tell them where the secret papers were hidden.除非英格兰队改进打法，否则他们将输掉比赛。Unless England improved their game, they are going to lose the game.,要不是他们勇敢地抢救国家财产，那损失可就大了。If it werent for their courage in rescuing the state property, the loss would have been enormous.,原因状语：办公室里的工作开展得有条不紊，因为三四个雇员配合得很默契。Things always went smoothly in the office because the three or four clerks that are employed worked in with one another.由于订货减少，公司正要裁减一批雇员。Owing to the falling off of orders, the firm is having to sack a number of its employees.,目的状语：主任把手下集合起来，以便简单介绍一下情况。The director called his team together so that he could brief them.为了克服交通困难，建议各公司错开上班时间。In order to overcome transport difficulties. It is suggested that firms should stagger working hours.,让步状语：尽管她还年轻，她已经明确了自己的职业定向。Young as she is, she already knows what career she wants to follow.尽管我很喜欢你，但我不能和你生活在一起。Much as I like you, I couldnt live with you.,无论他说什么，你都不要相信他。Dont trust him, no matter what he says.,地点状语：不管他走哪里，随从和佣人都是前呼后应。Wherever he went he was attended on by a large number of followers and servants.无论在什么地方，他都能让自己像是在家里一样。Wherever he happens to be, he can make himself at home.,结果状语：他睡过头了，以致上班迟到。He had overslept, so that he was late for work.他很生气，于是一声不吭地离开房间了。He was angry, so that he left the room without saying a word.管理部门建立了与职工协商的制度，不管有何不平，均可言明。The management institutes a system of consultation with the staff so that any grievances might be aired.,以定语从句译之：他总是要求我们了解自己工作的琐细末节，因为这是一个优秀潜水员必要的条件。He always insisted that we know our jobs in the most minute detail, which is really a necessary quality of a good diver.,红十字会已开始一项重大的克隆工程，该工程与培育用于器官捐献的转基因猪有关。The Red Cross has begun major cloning project which is related to the production of transgenic pigs for organ donation