CarbonTaxofBoulder__美国波尔多市碳税

BouldersCarbonTax:Historycityspends$100,000developingadetailedGHGinventory,BouldersClimateActionPlan:Howwegothere,November2004:CityCouncilappropriates$258,000annuallyin2005and2006forGHGreductionprogramsanddevelopmentofaClimateActionPlan(CAP),includinglong-termfundingoptions2005:Council,staff,andkeystakeholdersdevelopoverarchingstrategiesfortheCAPandexplorefundingoptions;staffbeginsrampinguplimitedprograms,BouldersClimateActionPlan:Howwegothere,2006:ClimateActionPlanCommitteeshepherdsCAPtowardcompletion;adoptedbycitycouncilinJuneCouncildeterminescarbontaxisbestrevenuesourceforimplementation,placestaxonNovemberballotMeasurepasses,60.5%infavor,39.5%opposed,BouldersCarbonTax:Specifics,Taxonelectricityconsumption,15%,BouldersCarbonTax:Specifics,Maximizevoluntaryemissionsreductionsthrough:Education,outreachandmarketingReducingbarrierstoenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyConnectingresidentsandbusinesseswithavailablerebatesandtaxcredits,BouldersCarbonTax:Specifics,AppliestoallelectricitycustomersinthecityNotaxchargedforgreenpowercustomersRatessetindirectproportiontoexpectedprogramsectorexpendituresRatescanbere-setdependingonprogramneedsRatescanbeincreasedby20%Sunsetsin2012Willraiseapproximately$1millionperyear,BouldersCarbonTax:Specifics,SectorRates:,ClimateActionPlanStrategies,IncreaseenergyefficiencySwitchtorenewableenergyandvehiclefuelsReducevehiclemilestraveledMaximizevoluntaryemissionsreductionsthrough:Education,outreachandmarketingConnectingresidentsandbusinesseswithavailablerebatesandtaxcreditsProvidingservicesnotofferedintheBouldermarket,2005EmissionsbySector,ResidentialSectorCharacteristics,17%oftotalGHGemissionsApproximately51,030residentialunits,45%single-familyand55%multi-familydwellingsRoughlyhalfofhousingunitsarerentalproperties,EnergyEfficiencyCurrentPrograms,IncomeQualifiedWeatherization2007Budget:$40,000,for20homesIncreasedincomeguidelinesto78.5%ofAMI(HUD+10%)andopenedtorentersMeasuresinclude:InsulationFurnacereplacementRefrigeratorreplacementProgrammablethermostatDuctsealingCFLsConsideringevaporativecooling,EnergyEfficiencyCurrentPrograms,ResidentialEnergyAuditProgram2007Budget:$33,450218homesinthecityofBoulderHomeownerpays$100oftheauditcost,EnergyEfficiencyCurrentPrograms,BoulderEnergyBrigade2007budget$30,0002006pilottargeted550homeswithkits,andconducted631-hourauditsProgramhighlights:Deliverkitswithlow-cost,no-costefficiencymeasuresandeducationalliterature,EnergyEfficiencyCurrentPrograms,Multi-FamilyUnitAudits4MFUsauditedin20062007budget-$25,000Waterconservationmatchingbudget2007Goal15buildingsaswellasworkingwithpropertyownerstoimplementrecommendations,EnergyEfficiencyCurrentPrograms,HomePerformancew/ENERGYSTAR(HPwES)2007budget:$20,000IntensivecontractortrainingaimedtotransformmarketCFLgiveaway/buydown2007budget:$9,000focusonbuy-downandcouponprograminconjunctionwithXcelsbuydownConservED:100thHumanInitiative2007pilotbudget:$3,000EnergyImpactAnalysesfor30homes,EnergyEfficiencyResidentialProgramstobedevelopedin2007,HomeEnergyMakeoverRefrigeratorRound-upInsulationBuy-downPublicHousingRetrofitsUpdatedLightingProgramIntegrateGreenBuildingProgramsTrainingandEducation,CommercialSectorCharacteristics,Context:1,600+CommercialBuildings30millionsqftofspace38%ofBouldersemissionsGoalsthrough2012:20%reductioninelectricityuse5%reductioninnaturalgasconsumptionReach1/3ofcommercialbuildingstock,CommercialSector2007WorkPlan,EnergyEfficiencyBudget:$128,000Goal:500,000kWhreductionsimplementedStrategies:EstablishTradeAllynetworkFocusedandrobusttrainingforpropertyowners,managers,andcontractorsonbuildingenergyefficiencyandXcelEnergyrebates,CommercialSectorXcelEnergy,CommercialrebatesandotherprogramsCoolingefficiencyCompressedAirefficiencyCustomEfficiencyEnergyDesignAssistanceEnergyManagementSystemLightingEfficiencyMotorEfficiencyRecommissioning,RenewableEnergyPrograms,BoulderWindChallengeSolarpromotionIdeas:NeighborhoodrenewableenergycompetitionsBulkpurchasesofsolarequipmentCollaboratewithlocalREsuppliersandnonprofitstomaximizevisibilityandpromotion,IndustrialSector,Just13industrialcustomersinBoulder9%ofGHGemissionsFocuswillbeonleveragingXcelEnergyprogramsLookingintoindustrial“self-direct”approach,Transportation,27%oftotalGHGemissionsGoal:Reduceemissionsby40,000tonsby2012FocusofCAPwillbeonpromotingandincreasingaccesstorenewablefuelsandpromotinghighly-efficiencyandflex-fuelvehicles,GHGEmissionsReductionspersectorby2012(mtCO2e),SummaryofResults,NextSteps,ClimateActionPlanefforts:ProgrambrandingAwardsprogramsCAPSymposiumOtherpolicyefforts:SolarrebatesandmunicipalsolarinstallationsBuildingenergycodesRenewableEnergyinvestmentsMunicipalization,BouldersCarbonTax:Whatwevelearned,CitycouncilandcitymanagementleadershipandcommitmentiscriticalI