初中副词知识点

副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一类词。它可以表达时间、地点、方式。程度、频率、疑问等概念。副词的分类1.时间副词常见的表示时间或其他时间关系的副词或词组有：( l) now, then, yesterday, last night, today, tomorrow, tonight, before ,just now, later( on) , so far等。(2) already, yet, early, since, at once, at first, at last, finally等。2.地点副词(1)表示地点的副词，常见的有：here, there, home, abroad, upstairs, downstairs, any-where, everywhere, somewhere等o(2)表示位置关系的副词，常见的有：above, below, down, up, out, in, across, back, along, over, round, around, away, near, off, on, inside, outside past等。有些副词同时也是介词，即有宾语时就是介词否则就是副词。come in，please.请进。（in为副词）They live in the next room.他们住在隔壁。（in为介词）3.方式副词一般都是回答怎样地这类问题，其中大部分都由形容词加-ly构成。如：bravely, carefully, politely, angrily, suddenly, happily, slowly等o也有少数副词与形容词同形。如:fast，high等。还有少数词属于特殊变形，如; good-well等。4.程度副词这类副词(词组)多数用于修饰形容词、副词、动词介词短语。如：much, a little, a bit, very. so, too, enough, quite, rather, terribly, deeply, nearly, almost, hardly, not at all等。Her pronunciation is very good.她的发音很好。She sings quite well.她唱歌很好5.疑问副词用于引起一个特殊疑问句；用于引起一个主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句；引起一个定语从句。How are you getting along with your studies?你的功课如何？This is where their city now lies.这就是他们的城市现今所在的地方。That is the reason why you dont answer it alone this time.那就是你这次单单不回答它的原因。6.频度副词常见的表示频度的副词有：always ， usually ， often ，sometimes, seldom, hardly, never等o7.焦点副词通过强调使之成为人们注意的焦点的副词（词组），常见的有：only，even，alone ，just，especially, mainly, as well, too 等o8.连接副词起连接作用的副词，有的相当于并列连词，常见有besides, therefore, however, thus等，还有引导名词性从句或不定式的when, where, why , how等。I feel a bit tired. However, I can hold on.我有点累了,但我能坚持下去。They talked about it for hours. Finally, they decided to go。他们对此商量了好几个小时,最后他们决定去。I have never been to Wales. I, therefore, dont know much about it.我从未去过威尔斯,因此我对它知道的不多。The weather was cold. Therefore(Thus), we stayed home.天气寒冷,因此我们待在家里。2.连接副词通常位于子句的句首,有时也可位于句中。（1）They talked about it for hours. Finally, they decided to go。他们对此商量了好几个小时,最后他们决定去。finally作为连接副词,放在句子的句首。（2）I have never been to Wales. Therefore, I dont know much about it.我从未去过威尔士因此我对它知道的不多。therefore作为连接副词,位于句子的句中。3.有些连接副词的含义彼此相同或相近,在使用时可以互相替换,而不会改变原句的含义。The weather was cold. Therefore (Thus), we stayed home.天气寒冷,因此我们待在家里。therefore和thus的含义相近,因而也可以互相替换。9.关系副词用于引导定语从句，如:when ，where ，why等。10.其他副词还有一类副词对整个句子进行说明，如: luckily finally等。Luckily, he wasnt badly hurt.幸运的尉也没受重伤Finally ， he got back home.他最终回到了家。Suddenly, she heard someone crying help.突然她听到有人喊救命。副词的功能1.作状语(1)修饰动词They are warmly welcomed by the students.他们受到学生们的热烈欢迎。(2)修饰形容词You are quite right.你非常正确。(3)修饰其他副词Dont ride too fast.别骑得太快。Neither Tom nor Susan can swim very well.汤姆和苏珊都不太会游泳。(4)修饰介词短语Where is the broom?扫帚在哪儿？Just behind the door.-就在门后。(5)修饰从句This is exactly what he said.这正是他所说的。2.作定语有少数地点副词和时间副词可以作定语，放在所修饰词的后面。The comrades here are all very kind to me.这儿的同志对我都非常和善。3.作表语作表语的副词多数是表示位置的，如in, out, on, back, down, up, off, away, upstairsHe is in.他在家。When will you be back?你将何时回来？Come in 4.作宾语补足语I saw you out with my sister last Saturday.上周六我看见你和我姐姐一起出去了。副词的位置副词形容词、副词时，一般位于被词的前面。Computers work much faster than before.计算机工作的速度比原来快多了。重点难点 enough的位里enough作到词时，总是里于被修飾的形容词或副词之后。She told me it was brand new and I was stupid enough to believe her. Would you be good enough to take my bag upstairs for me?你能否好心帮忙把我的包拿到楼上？2.时间副词的位置可以放于句首，也可放于句尾，有时还可以放于动词前面。Tomorrow many people will be on the beach.明天很多人会到海滨去。I will be back soon.我很快就回来。I havent heard from Jane recently.我最近没收到简的来信。Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea.不寻常的生物偶尔会被冲到岸上来，然而在海上很少能捕捉到它们。Smoking is likely to damage your health permanently.On receiving his letter,I immediately wrote back.一收到他的来信，我就立即回复了。3.地点副词的位置一般置于句末，往往紧跟在动词（+宾语）后，偶尔也可放于句首，尤其是here和there。I used to work here.我过去曾在这里工作。The little boy rushed downstairs.小男孩冲下楼来。We should often walk outdoors for fresh air.我们应当经常到外面走走，呼吸新鲜空气。Here you can find whatever kind of books you want.在这里你可以找到各种你想要的书。4.方式副词的位置主要放在动词（+宾语）的后面；在表示特别强调时，偶尔也可放在实义动词的前面，第一个助动词的后面。I usually drive very carefully.我通常开车十分小心。They warmly welcomed us at the door.他们在门口热情地欢迎了我们。Emily coughed miserably. She had been ill for a longThe spokesman publicly declared that he didnt knowanything about the matter beforehand.这位发言人公开宣布他事先毫不知情。5.程度副词的位置修饰形容词和副词时，应放在形容词和副词前面;修饰动词时，常常放于第一个助动词后，实义动词之前。Are there any mistakes in this letter? I typed it very carefully.这封信里面有错误吗？我当时打得很仔细。You are such a likeable person. I greatly enjoy working with you.你如此可爱。我很喜欢和你一起工作。Different people have different backgrounds and habits. Everyone behaves somewhat differently.不同的人有不同的背景和习惯。每个人的行为举止都有点不同。6.频度副词的位置在句中的位置比较灵活，可以置于句首、句中，可以置于句末，还可以置于第一个助动词后。They sometimes stay up all night.他们有时彻夜不眠。She doesnt often go home.她不经常回家。Always, they go to work on foot.他们总是步行上班。Pearl constantly changes her mind.拍尔总是不停地改变主意。The buses run less frequently on Sundays.星期天公交车运行得较少。He telephoned repeatedly, begging his wife to return.他不停地打电话，请求妻子回来。Usually we go to France in August.我们通常在八月份到法国去。7.连接副词的位置(1)如果连接的是两个独立的句子，连接副词的第一个字母要大写，前面是句点.The typhoon damaged the power lines. Consequently, the whole city was blacked out last night.台风破坏了电力线。因此，昨天晚上整个城市一片黑暗。It was freezingly cold. Nonetheless/Nevertheless/How- ever, still many people went swimming.那天非常冷，但是仍有很多人去游泳。(2)如果连接的是两个对等的句子，连接副词首字母不大写，前面用分号；隔开。The price of the house is too high; moreover, the house isnt in a suitable position.房子的价格太高了 ，而且房子所在的位置也不太合适。We ran out of all the petrol; furthermore, we lost our way.我们用光了所有的汽油，而且我们迷了路。(3)连接副词有时还可以放在主语和谓语之间，前后用逗号，隔开；还可以放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。 I would like to go with you. My hands, however, are full我很想和你一起去，可是我忙不过来。(4) hence ， then ， thus ， so ， yet之后通常不需要逗号。It is very late; hence you must go to bed.时间很晚了 ，所以你必须上床睡觉了。Melt the butter over high heat; then add the egg.先把黄油用高温融化，然后再加鸡蛋。(5) hence ， then ， thus ， yet ， so ， therefore那面可以用逗号，也可以用分号，如果两个句子较长且复杂，常用分号。This report explains why production has slowed down;yet it does not indicate how to improve it.这份报告解释了为什么生产减缓了，可是它没有说明如何改善这种情况。Sales have been good, yet profits are low.销路一直很好，但是利润很低。(6)对等连接副词可以用and连接。The site has a number of disadvantages, and furthermore, the asking price is quite high.这个地点有些不利的条件，而且要价还蛮高的。The matter must be resolved by Tuesday, and therefore our preliminary conference must be held no later than Monday.这个问题周二以前必须解决因此我们的初次会议最迟星期一必须举行 口知识拓展一般来说到词放于助动词后面，但在下列情况下位置较灵活：1)需要强调到词时，可将副词置于助动词之前。I really must ask you to move about a bit.我真的必须请你挪动一下。They always can find time for amusements.他们总是能找到时间欢乐。2)简略答语中，副词要里于助动词的前面。You usually get up at 7?-Yes, I always do. 8.其他副词的位置常置于句首，其后常有逗号与句子隔开，用于修饰整个句子。有时置于句末，其前常有逗号与主句隔开。Surprisingly, they agreed to all our demands.令人惊讶的是，他们答应了我们所有的要求。The project will have been carried out by next month, hopefully.这个工程有望在下个月开工。Unfortunately, this was one of the dullest shows we have ever seen.很不幸，这次演出是我们所看过的最乏味的演出之一。9.多个副词的排列顺序(1)时间副词和地点副词同时出现时，时间副词置于地点副词之后，时间副词和地点副词可以同时放在句末，也可以一个在句首，一个在句末，但不能同时放在句首。We are going to travel globally very soon.我们很快就要进行环球旅行。I have gone nowhere recently, for I am too busy.我最近哪里也没去，因为我太忙了。(2) away, back, backward, forward, out , in, off, on, up 等都放在介词、形容词或其他副词之前。At the sad news. Reed walked away sadly.里德听到这个不幸的消息后伤心地走开了。He looked back anxiously at me.他焦虑地回头看着我。( 3 ) here, there, in, inside, out, outside, home 通常放在其他副词之前。Doris stood there silently while Edith ran around happily.多丽丝静静地站在那里，而伊迪丝高兴地到处跑着。The little child went in silently without being noticed.这个小孩子静静地走了进去，没人注意到。副词的比较级1平级比较As +副词原级+asThis kind of language appeared as early as the Stone Age. I enjoy music as much as tom does. 2)否定句中用as/so+副词原级+as结构It doesnt rain so/as frequently here as it does in our country.这里不如我们国家下雨频繁。I can hardly play the piano so/as brilliantly as my sister.我弹钢琴不如我妹妹弹得好。I cant type as/so fast as my brother.我打字不如我弟弟快。Eleanor doesnt dress so/as strangely as the other girls.埃莉诺的穿着没有其他女生奇特。(2)比较级的用法1)用比较级+than结构可以表达一方趙过另一方的情况，也可表达一方不如另一方的情况。Anthony is out of shape. I can run faster and farther than he.安东尼身体不好。我能跑得比他快而且比他跑 得远。The cars running less smoothly than it used to.这辆小汽车跑得没有过去平稳了。2) no more( .) than.与 not more( .)than.如果和数词连用，no more than=only，意为只不过，仅仅，意义倾向于少。not more than = at most，意为至多，不超过。I have learned no more than a thousand English words.我仅学了一千个英文单词。The experiment was performed by not more than 5 people.做这个实验的人不趙过五个。She could not walk more than a few steps without losing her breath.她走不了几步就气喘吁吁如果用于两者之间的比较，no +比较级+ than.意为都不，是对两者的共同否定，且重前者。而not+比较级+than意为不及，表示前者不如后者，.隐含对两者的肯定，但侧重后者。Josie speaks Chinese no more fluently than her brother.乔茵汉语说得和她弟弟一样都不流利。I run not faster than anyone else in my class.我不比班里的其他人跑得更快。3)比较级+and+比较级表示某种情况变得越来越.The fire spread further and further with the wind blowing more and more strongly.随着风越刮越大，大火蔓 延得越来越远