英语语法专题-----句子成分和基本句型

英语语法专题句子成分和基本句型,Grammar,名词、形容词、数词、代词、动词、副词在句中独立承担成分，我们称之为实词。介词、连词、冠词不能在句中独立担任部分，只起辅助的作用，我们称之为虚词。,主语,谓语,宾语,状语,定语,补语,表语,句子的成分,died.,My cat died.,主语 句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所说的是谁或是什么。主语一般放在句首，特殊句型中，在句末。,He was born in a small village.,代词,Kunming becomes beautiful.,名词,The old man told us a story.,名词或短语,Monkey eats bananas.It is my book.One and (plus) one is two.Hard working leads to success.To finish homework is a must to student.What makes the teacher angry is that he is talking in class again.,名词，代词，数词可以作做主语。动名词，动词不定式，句子也可以做主语，句子做主语叫主语从句,Mr. Green,Mr. Green died yesterday.,谓语 说明主语的动作特征状态等，即主语做什么、是什么、怎么样等，由动词或动词短语构成 .,He arrived. I like apples.it gets cold,不及物动词,及物动词,系表结构,系动词(额外补充)亦称连系动词（Link Verb）。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（名词或形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。,He is an English teacher. The weather gets cold.,表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等，位于连系动词后。可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、数词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语及从句等,He is an English teacher.The weather gets cold.Kunming becomes beautiful.The reason is that I stayed up last night.,名词或短语,形容词,句子,I like,I like swimming,宾语 是动作的承受者。及物动词及相当于及物动词的短语后都必须带宾语。,I like apples. He gave me a book. He likes to play basketballWe think predicting the future is hard.,名词,代词,名短,不定式,句子,宾语补足语（宾补）,有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补), 有时候句子的意思就不完整。 He always makes us _.,happy,定语修饰名词或代词的句子成分。可以做定语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式、介词短语、动名词、分词短语及从句等。形容词作定语放在名词之前，副词或副词短语时常放在名词后,What a lovely day! I have a lot of work to do.This ia a swimming pool. There are two butterflies. I know the girl under the tree.I know the girl who is sitting under the tree.,形容词,动词不定式,动词-ing,数词,介词短语,从句,状语 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的句子成分称为状语。状语用来说明时间、地点、条件、原因、方式、程度、目的、结果等。 可用作状语的有副词、不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语及从句等。如：,He arrived yesterday. I have a friend in America.I liked reading story books when I was a child.,时间副词,地点介短,句子,practice,1.He is angry.2. Jane is going home from school.3. The man is wearing a black jacket.4. The text is very difficult.5. I saw him reading in the sun.6. She put the dishes on the table.,7. We found the exercise easy.8. Though it was raining heavily, we still went to school.9. To learn English well is important.10. He lent me the bike.11. We go to Britain once a year.12. Look at the blackboard.,13. The man with a smile is my teacher.14. The food on the plate went bad.16. His job is to protect the innocent.17. You mustnt go out now.18. I used to go to work on foot.19. My sister looks beautiful.20. There are many women teachers in our school.,1. 主语 + 系 (link-v.) + 表语 2. 主语 + 谓语 3. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 4. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语,五种基本句型,1. 主语 + 系 (link-v.) + 表语,He is an English teacher. The weather gets cold. Kunming becomes beautiful.,2. 主语 + 谓语 (vi.),He arrived.He arrived yesterday.He came back.,3. 主语 + 谓语（vt./vi+介词) + 宾语,I like apples.She often listens to music .He arrived at Kunming yesterday,4. 主语 + 谓语(vt.) + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语,He gave me a book.The old man told us a story.Mother bought me a new watch.,5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语,He encouraged me to study hard.She saw the boy singing in classroomTom asked Lily to help him.,巩固练习：,判断下列句子属于哪种句型1.They work hard. 2.The flower is dead. 3.Plants need water.4.He gives me some seeds.,5. The cake tastes delicious. 6. Classes begin at ei