化工专业英语试题

河北科技大学理工学院20092010学年第二学期化工专业英语考试试卷一、将下列单词或词组译成汉语(20%，每个1分)。试卷类别（A），共（4）页，第（4）页3-nitrotoluene centrifugation partial pressurebubble phaseboiling bedstreamlines flowsensible heatpressure dropinternal energyparticulate fluidizationextractive agentcivil engineerboundary layerbuffer layerdehumidificationoriginal temperaturecatalytic crackingdew point sodium chloride internal energy二、将下列单词或词组译成英语(10%，每个1分)。单元操作冷凝 湿球 密度 二氧化碳沸点 乙烯过滤 化学工程 辛烷三、阅读理解(10%，每题2分)。 The first products given off during the distillation of petroleum are gaseous. They are mainly hydrocarbons having one to five carbon atoms which are usually separated from each other by chemical methods. 四、将下列句子译成汉语 (30%，每题6分)。（1） Dehumidification of air can be effected by bringing it into contact with a cold surface, either liquid or solid.（2）At high velocities two separate phases are formed; the continuous phase which is often referred to as the dense or emulsion phase, and the discontinuous phase known as the lean（ phase） or bubble phase.（3）There are two principal types of flow which will be discussed in detail namely streamlines and turbulent flow . （4）If the process is carried out adiabatically all the energy added to the system appears in the gas and its temperature rises.（5）When the frictional drag on the particles becomes equal to their apparent weight(actual weight less buoyancy), the particles become rearranged.五、阅读回答题（20%）。根据短文内容回答问题。（答题中所涉及的文字描述均使用中文） For example, ethyl alcohol and water form a binary azeotrope at 0.89 mole fraction alcohol, so that this is the richest alcohol solution that can be recovered by simple distillation. Addition of benzene as an azeotropic agent yields a distillate product consisting of a ternary azeotrope. The bottoms（釜底产物）is the desired pure alcohol. Sufficient alcohol is lost in the ternary azeotrope to require its recovery. On condensation, the ternary azeotrope in the distillate splits into two liquid phases. The benzene-rich phase is returned to the first distillation column, while the water-rich phase is sent to a second column. In this second column, the distillate is again the ternary azeotrope, which is condensed and sent to the phase splitter（分相器）( together with the distillate from the first column). The bottoms from the second column is an aqueous solution of alcohol. It is sent to a third column that produces the water-alcohol azeotrope as the distillate and pure water as the bottoms. This distillate is mixed with the feed to the first column. Thus, the net effect of the process is to produce pure alcohol and pure water from the alcohol-water azeotrope. 1无水乙醇为什么不能采用简单精馏的方法制取？（3分）2 简单精馏方法得到的最大浓度的乙醇溶液中含乙醇的质量百分数是多少？（4分）3根据流程描述，将流程图补充完整，并标出每个流股所含的组分名