Writing-a-Research-Paper---Lecture-3.ppt

WritingAResearchPaper-Lecture3,ZhangYanyan（张妍岩）March.2009csuewriting,英语论文写作,3.HowtoWriteaBibliography,Aworkingbibliographyisanongoingrecordofallthesourcesofinformationyoufindforyourresearchtopic.,3.1Howtosearchinformation,1)GeneralReferences:forabasicunderstandingofatopic;EncyclopediasDictionariesAlmanacsYearbooks,Encyclopedias,GeneralEncyclopedias:EncyclopediaBritannicaEncyclopediaAmericanaComptonsEncyclopedia(forteenagers)WorldBookEncyclopediaNewBookofKnowledgeEncyclopediaSpecializedEncyclopedias:CatholicEncyclopediaEncyclopediaJudaicaEncyclopediaofIslamMedicalEncyclopediaEncyclopediaofPhilosophy,EncyclopediaAmericana,2007EncyclopediaBritannica,PrintEdition,32volumes.ISBN:1-59339-292-3Price:$1,149.00,The2007EncyclopdiaBritannicacombinestodayscurrenttopicswithover238yearsofexpertiseanddeliversmoredepth,breadth,andinformationthananyotherencyclopedia.Readerscanaccessquickfactsorimmersethemselvesindetailedarticlesonalmostanysubjectimaginablewhileenjoyingthevividandbeautifulimagesofart,geography,science,sports,andmuchmore.Highlights:32volumeswithover44millionwords.Over65,000articles.Over4,000contributors,includingsuchrenownedindividualsasCarlSagan,MiltonFriedman,andmanyNobelLaureates.24,000carefullyselectedillustrations,maps,andphotos.Morethan23,000biographiesfromSocratestoChinesepresidentHuJintao.Morethan15,000geographyarticles,includingupdatedentriesforAfrica,Bangladesh,Canada,GazaStrip,Germany,GulfCoast,Israel,Indonesia,Pakistan,Russia,andmore.Bibliographiccitationspointuserstoadditionalinformationsourcesforfurtherresearch.,EncyclopediaAmericana,30volumes,2006Edition.ISBN:0-7172-0139-2Price:$729.00,Providescomprehensiveinformationthatsin-depth,reliable,andup-to-date,withmorethan45,000articleswrittenbyexpertsineasy-to-understand,laypersonslanguage.Includesallacademicsubjectsandcurriculumtopics;StronginNorthAmericanandinternationalcoverageHighlights:25millionwords.Over23,000illustrations,including15,000photographs.3,800diagramsandchartsand1,200maps.Over6,500bibliographiesforfurtherreadingHandysearchfeaturesmaketheEncyclopediaAmericanaeasytouse:Factboxeshighlightstatisticsandessentialinformation;Chronologicaltablesprovideaquickviewofhistory;Cross-referencesdirectreaderstorelatedarticlesandsubjects;,2)Indexes,Abstracts,Catalogs,Provideinformationonwhathasbeenwrittenandpublishedaboutasubject.Informationcanbesearchedby:title,author,subject,keyword,andpublicationinformation(date,place,edition,volume,pagenumber),callnumber.Abstractssummarizekeyinformation,helpingyoudecidetherelevanceandusefulnessofanarticle.,KeyJournals:,Literature:外国文学评论外国文学外国文学研究国外文学当代外国文学Translation2)Usingelectronicencyclopedias,indexes,websitesofjournals./wiki/Main_Page,IndexesofPeriodicals:,CNKI-ChinaNationalKnowledgeInfrastructureAkeynationalprojectofChina;BeginsinJune,1996;AimsatknowledgesharingthroughoutChinaandtheworld;Providesfull-textdatabases;Servesmorethan400universities,publiclibraries,researchinstitutions,enterprisesinover20countries.,3.2Howtoevaluateinformation,1)relevancy:thesourceisdirectlyrelatedtoyourresearchtopic;2)objectivity:beawareofthebiasesandtheirinfluences;3)credibility:keyjournals;4)representativeness:data5)sufficiency:data,3.3Howtodocumentinformation,Documentaresearchpaperto:1)saythankstopreviousresearchers;2)allowreaderstolocatethesources;3)verifytheinformationborrowed;4)amplifysomepointsinthetext;5)avoidplagiarism.,Parenthetical-ReferenceSystem,Consistingoftwoentries:1)Within-textparentheticalcitations;2)Alistofsourcesentitled“WorksCited”,or“References”attheendofthetext.Thesecondentryiscorrespondingtothefirstone.,TwoMostPrevalentStyles:,MLA:ModernLanguageAssociationAPA:AmericanPsychologicalAssociationThesamebasicentries:Authorsname;Titleofthereference;Publicationinformation,Examples:,1)In-textParentheticalCitation:MLA:Thisissuehasbeendiscussed(Wilson32-35).APA:Thisissuehasbeendiscussed(Wilson,1998,P.32-35).MLA:Wilsonhasdiscussedthisissue(32-35).APA:Wilsonhasdiscussedthisissue(1998,P.32-35).MLA:(authorpage);APA:(author,publicationdate,P.page),2)WorksCitedorReferenceList,MLA:Wilson,FrankR.TheHand:HowItsUseShapestheBrain,Language,andHumanCulture.NewYork:Pantheon,1998.APA:Wilson,F.R.(1998).Thehand:Howitsuseshapesthebrain,language,andhumanculture.NewYork:Pantheon.Canyouseethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheabovetworeferences?Authorsname;Titleofthereference;Publicationinformation;Punctuation,Canyouseethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthefollowingtworeferences?,MLA:Hallin,DanielC.“SoundBiteNews:TelevisionCoverageofElections,1968-1988.”JournalofCommunication42.2(1992):5-24.APA:Hallin,D.C.(1992).Soundbitenews:Televisioncoverageofelections,1968-1988.JournalofCommunication.42(2),5-24.,Thelistof“WorksCited”or“References”isarrangedalphabetically.,Exercise:,PracticetheuseofMLAandAPAstyles.Ding,Wa