unit7howamericalives.ppt

,Unit7,HowAmericaLives,ByJamesA.Michener,Lessonsummary,ChangesandproblemsofAmericansociety;“UniqueAmericandemocraticsystem”;Languagespoints;Featuresofexposition;Discussion:ChinaVSAmerica,Pre-tasks,Pre-tasks:Sspresentation1.HowdoAmericanslive?2.MakeacomparisonbetweenthelifestylesoftheAmericansandChinese.,Pre-readingquestions,AmericaHighlycompetitive,aggressiveAstrongsenseofnationalprideIdeologicalprinciples:individualismfaithinfreedomsingleparentchildrenmoreindependent;familyreunionsonawedding,chirstmas,bithday,thanks-giving,etc.,Moreinfo.,referto:,Pre-readingquestions,AmericanlifestyleTimepunctuality:arriveexactlyontimeorafewminutesearlier;informtheotherpartyofthedelayandapologize,Moreinfo.,referto:,Pre-readingquestions,AmericanlifestyleGoingforawalk:walkduringmorninghoursandafterdinner;walkinparksorotherproperplaces;keepbodyfitingym,GoldsGymisanationalchain,Moreinfo.,referto:,Pre-readingquestions,AmericanlifestyleSocialmeeting:visitsomeoneshomeifyouareinvited;bringagiftforthehost;stayforafurtherchatafterdinner,Moreinfo.,referto:,Pre-readingquestions,AmericanlifestyleOthersfirst:itisregardedcurteoustoopenthedoorforothers;moreimportanttodosoforladiesnotnecessarywhenyouarewaitingforyourturn,Moreinfo.,referto:,Pre-readingquestions,AmericanlifestyleWeekends:enjoyweekend;participateinactivities;generallynotsupposedtowork,Moreinfo.,referto:,Questions:WhatarethemajorchangesthathavetakenpalceoraretakingplaceinAmerica?WhatseriousproblemsexistinAmericaaccordingtotheauthor?,Section1:Globalreading,Majorchanges:growingconservativepatternsofcourtshipandmarriagehavechangedradicallywomenarechangingtherulesSeriousproblems:worriedabouteducationmustliveonwelfarenoenoughhousingfortheyoung,Section1:Globalreading,TextExplanation,JamesAlbertMichener,inthistext,heshowsreadersofAmericansocietyin:politics,courtshipandalsotheexistenceofthreeseriousin:schooleducation,jobsopportunitiesandwelfare,andhousingfortheyoung.,VS,changes,problems,Section2:Pre-readingactivities,TextExplanations,Despitetheseproblems,thewriterfeelsconfidentthatAmericahasgoodprospects.,Hefeelsproudofhismotherland,ofthegreatAmericanpeople,andoftheuniqueAmericandemocraticsystem.,Section2:Pre-readingactivities,Separationof,Executive,Legislative,Judicial,Section2:Pre-readingactivities,Structuralanalysis:nowitsyourtask_,PartI,(para.1)reality:Americansstillfollowmanyoftheoldways,moresimilaritiesthandifferences.,(Paras.2-4)majorchangesinAmericansociety,(Paras.57)mainproblemsinAmericansociety,(Paras.89)explainswhyAmericahasgoodprospectsandwhytheAmericansystemhassurvivedandshouldsurvive,PartII,PartIII,PartIV,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraph1:Analysis,Mainidea?,ThatAmericansstillfollowmanyoftheoldwaysthoughdifferencesareobviousinAmericanlife,Questionsforcomprehension:,(1)WhichsentencesinthispartshowthemainsimilaritiesbetweenAmericanlifeinthepresentandthatinthepast?,(2)InwhatwaysareAmericansgenerous?,Theyarealwaysreadytopaytaxesforeducation,andtheygenerouslysupportinstitutionslikehospitals,museumsandlibraries.,(C)liujiehai,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraph1Languagework,1.“Inatimeofrapidchangeitisessentialthatwerememberhowmuchoftheoldweclingto.”,Inatimeofquicktransformationitisnecessaryforustorememberhowmanyoftheoldwayswestilladhereto.,clingto:stickto,adhereto,beemotionallyattachedtoclingtothelasthope,Hismotherslastwordsclungtohermemory.,Paraphrase?,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraph1Languagework,2.“Theybelongtochurches,eventhoughtheyattendsomewhatlessfrequently,andtheywanttheirchildrentohavereligiousinstruction.”,TheybelongtoparticulargroupsofChristians,eventhoughtheyattendreligiousservicesabitlessoften,andtheywanttheirchildrentoreceivereligiousinstruction.,Paraphrase?,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs2-4Analysis,TellusaboutthemajorchangesthathavetakenplaceandthatareoccurringinAmericanlife.,Wecanalsohaveaclearideaofthewritersattitude(?)towardsthesechangesinAmericanlife.,Obviously,hefullythem.,Questionforcomprehension(2-4),ListthemajorchangesthathavetakenplaceoraretakingplaceinAmericansociety.,supportsandwelcomes,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs2-4LanguageWork,3.“Americansseemtobegrowingconservative.”,Americansseemtobeincreasinglyopposedtogreatorsuddenchanges.,4.,“The1980election,especiallyfortheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives,signaledadecidedturntotherightinsofaraspoliticalandsocialattitudeswereconcerned.”,1980election,especiallyfortheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives,indicatedadefinitechangetotherightintermsofthevoterspoliticalandsocialattitudes.,Paraphrase?,Paraphrase?,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs2-4LanguageWork,5.“Itisasifourcountryspentthe1960sand1970sjealouslybreakingoutofoldrestraintsandnowwishestoputthebrakeson,ascautiouspeopleoftendoafterabinge.”,Itseemsasthoughduringthe1960sand1970sweAmericansmadeboldeffortstoescapefromoldrestrictionsnowintendtoputanendtoit,justascautiouspeopleoftendoafterexcessiveindulgence.,restraintn.restriction,sth.thatchecksorcontrols,Isharplyfeeltherestraintsofalimitedincomeonthefamilybudget.,Paraphrase?,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs2-4LanguageWork,6.“Weshouldexpecttoseeareaffirmationoftraditionalfamilyvalues,sharprestraintspornography,areturntoreligionandarejectionofcertainkindsofsociallegislation.”,Wehopeandfeelconfidentthattraditionalfamilyvalueswillbereaffirmedandpornographyrigorouslyrestricted,thatthosewhohaveabandonedreligionwillcomebacktoit,andthatsomekindsofsociallegislationwillbeturneddown.,Paraphrase?,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs2-4LanguageWork,patternn.thewayinwhichsth.happens,moves,developsorisarranged;excellent,Suchbehaviorpatternsarenottobeimitated.,Thesesentenceshavethesamegrammaticalpattern.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs2-4LanguageWork,courtshipn.spendingtimetogetherwithaviewtomarriage;theperiodofromanticrelationshipbeforemarriage,Theymarriedafterabriefcourtship.Theirlongcourtshipendedinfailure.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs2-4LanguageWork,7.“Patternsofcourtshipandmarriagehavechangedradically.”,Peoplehavethoroughlychangedthewaysinwhichtheydateandmarry.,Paraphrase?,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs2-4LanguageWork,repressionn.restrainingorsuppressing,e.g.Hischildhoodwascharacterizedbyrepressionandsolitude.,Theyheldadiscussionaboutunhealthysexualrepression.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs2-4LanguageWork,Puritanismn.practicesandbeliefsofaPuritan,apersonwhoisextremelystrictinmoralsandwhotendstoregardpleasureassinful,PuritansstrictlypracticePuritanism.,Puritanismisnotverypopularnowadays.,huskyadj.bigandstrong;dryinthethroat,soundingslightlyhoarse,Thosebasketballplayersareallhuskyyoungmen.Ourteacherisstillabithuskyafterhisbadcold.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs2-4LanguageWork,8.“Wheresexwasconcerned,Iwasraisedinanatmosphereofsuspicion,repressionandPuritanism,andalthoughhuskyyoungkidscansurvivealmostanything,manyinmygenerationsufferedgrievously.”,Withregardtosex,Iwasbroughtupinanenvironmentwheresuspicion,repressionandPuritanismdominated.Althoughstoutly-builtyoungpeoplecanendurealmostanything,manypeopleinmygenerationhadawfulexperiences.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs2-4LanguageWork,9.“Withoutreservation,Iapplaudthefreerpatternsoftoday,althoughIbelievethatitsbeingdifficultforsomefamiliestohandlethechanges.”,Ifullypraiseorapproveofthelessrigidpatternsofcourtshipandmarriagetoday,despitethefactthat,inmyopinion,somefamiliesarefindingitveryhardtocopewiththesechanges.,Doyoulikesuchfreerpattern?,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs2-4LanguageWork,suevt.makealegalclaim(againstsb.),allegevt.statesth.asafactwithoutproof;givesth.asanargumentorexcuse,Theprisonerallegedthathewasathomeonthenightofthecrime.,Heallegedillnessasthereasonforhisabsence.,(C)liujiehai,Thebosswassuedforbreachingcontract.Themanissuingforadivorce.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs2-4LanguageWork,10.“ThirtyyearsagoIcouldnothaveimaginedagroupofwomenemployeessuingamajorcorporationformillionsofdollarsofsalarywhich,theyalleged,hadbeendeniedthembecausetheyhadbeendiscriminatedagainst.”,Thirtyyearsago,itwouldbesimplyunimaginablethatagroupofwomenemployeesshouldsueamajorcompanyformillionsofdollarsofsalarywhichwastheirduebutwasdeniedbythecorporationjustbecausetheywerethe“weakersex”.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs2-4LanguageWork,11.“NorcouldIhaveimaginedwomeninuniversitiesgoinguptothemenwhorantheathleticprogramsanddemandingajustshareofthephysicaleducationbudget.”,NorcouldIhaveacceptedthefactthatuniversitywomenshouldgouptothemeninchargeofthesportsplans,andaskforanequalshareoftheamountofmoneyallottedfortheirphysicaleducation.,athleticadj.ofathletesorathletics;physicallystrong,healthyandactive,Heoftengoestoanathleticclub.Hehasanathleticfigure.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs5-7Analysis,pointoutthemainproblemsinAmericansociety:,Americanswhocannotfindjobsdonotgetsufficientwelfare;,Americanschoolsarenotasgoodasbefore;,Americashowsitselfimpotenttohouseitsyoungpeople.Wecanalsoseethewritersopinionsoftheseproblems.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs5-7Analysis,12.”IfIhadachildtoday,Iwouldsendherorhimtoaprivateschoolforthesakeofsafety,forthedisciplinethatwouldbeenforcedandfortherigorousacademicrequirements.“(5),ShouldIhaveachildofschoolagetoday,Iwouldhavehimorherreceiveeducationataprivateschool,wheresecurityforkidsisguaranteed,disciplineisenforced,andstrictscholasticexpectationsareplacedonthem.,notethatthissentenceisinthesubjunctivemood.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs5-7Analysis,13.“ButIwoulddoubtthatthechildwouldgetanybettereducationthanIdidinmygoodpublicschool.”(5),Inotherwords,theauthorbelievesthatevenprivateschoolsinAmericatodaycannotbecomparedwithgoodpublicschoolsinthepastintermsoftheeducationquality.,Howdoyouunderstandtheimpliedmeaningofthissentence?Doyouagreewiththat?,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs5-7Analysis,14.”Theproblemisthatgoodpublicschoolsarebecomingpitifullyrare,andIwouldnotwanttotakethechancethattheoneIsentmychildrentowasinadequate.”,Theproblemisthatnowadaysgoodpublicschoolsarebecomingfewerandfewer,andIwouldnotruntheriskofsendingmykidstooneofthem.”,inadequateadj.notsufficientorenough;notgoodenoughforaparticularpurpose;notsufficientlyableorconfidenttodealwithadifficultsituation,beinadequatetodosth.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs5-7Analysis,15.“Sinceitseemsobviousthatournationcanproduceallitsneedswithonlyapart.mustbedoledouttothosewhocannotfindjobs.”(6),Asitseemsquiteclearthatonlyacertainproportionofalltheavailableworkersareneededtoproducesufficientfoodandgoods,etc.tomeettheneedsofalltheAmericanpeoplesomekindofsocialwelfareassistancemustbeprovidedforthosewhoarenotabletofindjobs.,dolesth.out:distribute(esp.food,money,etc.)insmallamounts,Thefoodwasdoledouttothepoor.,Allowancesaregrudginglydoledouttotheelderly.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs5-7Analysis,16.destitutionn.inastateofpoverty;inaconditionofbeingimpoverished;beingwithoutillfood,andotherlifenecessities,Afterhisdeath,hisfamilywasplungedintodestitution.,Therearestillsomepeoplewholiveincompletedestitution.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs5-7Analysis,17.“Inthebadolddaysshemighthaveknowndestitution,butwithfamilyassistanceshewasabletoholdherchildrentogetherandproducedthreefine,tax-payingcitizens.”(6),Inthebadolddaysshemighthaveexperiencedorlivedinabjectpoverty,butwithwelfareassistanceforfamiliesshemanagedtokeepherthreechildrenunderhercareandnurturedthemintocitizensthatmadecontributionstotheircountry.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs5-7Analysis,18.“Americaisessentiallyacompassionatesociety.”,Americais,initstruenature,asocietyfilledwithpityforotherssufferingsandinclinedtohelpothers.,incliningonetohelp,acompassionatejudge,compassionateallowance,Mostpeoplearecompassionatebeings,buttherearesomewhoneverknowcompassion.,compassionateadj.sympathetic;beingfilledwithpity,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs5-7Analysis,19.“andIamappalledthattheconditionhasbeenallowedtodevelop.”(7),.andIamshockedthatthisdreadfulconditionshouldhavebeenallowedtoexistanddeteriorate.,appallvt.Fillsb.withhorrorordismay;shocksb.deeplyThenewspaperreportsaboutstarvingchildrenappalledme.,Wewereappalledattheprospectofhavingtomissourholiday.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs5-7Analysis,20.“Well,thisdreadfulsocialsicknesshasnowovertakentheUnitedStates,andforthesamereasons.”(7),Well,Americahasnowbeenseizedbythisterriblesocialillness,andforthesamereason.,Thissentenceinvolvesacaseofmetaphor.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs5-7Analysis,21.“Thebuildersinoursocietyfinditprofitabletoerectthree-bathroomhomesthatsellfor$220,000withamortgageat19percentbutfinditimpossibletoerectsmallhomesforyoungmarrieds.”,Thebuilderinoursocietyfinditlucrativetobuildupapartmentsorhouseswiththreebathroomsthatsellfor$220,000withamortgageat19percentbutfinditlessprofitabletoputupsmallhomesforyoungmarriedpeople.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs5-7Analysis,“Foramajornationtoshowitselfimpotenttohouseitsyoungpeopleisadmittingafailurethatmustbecorrected.”,Forapowerfulnationitsinabilitytoprovidehousingforitsyoungmarriedcouplesisequivalenttoacknowledgingafailurethatmustbeputright.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs7AnalysisGistquestions:,WhatisthewritersattitudetowardstheyoungpeopleshousingprobleminAmerica?,ThemostseriousdangerconfrontingfamilylifeinAmerica,inhisopinion,foragreatnationlikeAmericatoshowitselfimpotenttohouseitsyoungpeoplemeansthatitadmitsafailurethatmustbecorrected.,HowaboutthesimilarcaseinChinanowadays?,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs8-9Analysis,Theconcludingpartoftheessay,drawourattentiontothewritersopinionsofthenationsprospectsanditssystem.Fromtheconclusion,wecanalsogettoknowthatthewriterfeelsproudofhismotherlandandthinkshighlyoftheAmericanpeopleandparticularlytheAmericansystem.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs8-9Analysis,23.“Wealsohaveamagnificentmixtureofpeoplesfromallthecontinentswithvariedtraditionsstrengths.Butmostofall,wehaveauniqueandbalancedsystemofgovernment.”,Inourcountry,thecitizens,whohavecomefromallpartsoftheworldandpossessavarietyoftraditionsandadvantages,mingletogetherandliveinharmony,constitutingagreatpeople.Aboveall,oursisagovernmentwithanunparalleledandstablesystem.,Section3:DetailedReading,Paragraphs8-9Analysis,WhyhastheAmericansystemsurvivedandwhyshoulditsurvive?Doyouagreewithauthor?,Because,accordingtothewriter,theAmericansystemofgovernmentisatrulydemocraticsystem;ithasnotexperiencedeitherparliamentarychangeorrevolutionarychange;moreover,itoffersthemaximumnumberofpeopleamaximumchanceforhappiness.,Section4AfterReadingActivitties,Discussion,WhatdoyouthinkarethemeritsthatChinesepeoplecouldlearnfromAmericans?,Section5:ConsolidateSection,Languagework:,RestraintVS.constraint,Restraintandconstraintaresometimesinterchangeableinuse,meaningcontroloverthewayyoubehavewhichpreventsyoufromdoingwhatyouwanttodo.Butrestraintcanspeciallyrefertocalm,controlled,andunemotionalbehavior,whileconstraintissomethingthatlimitsorcontrolswhatyoucando.,Section5:ConsolidateSection,Languagework:expectVS.hope,Bothwordspertaintotheattitudeoflookingforwardtosomethingthatistooccurinthefuture.Hopesuggestslookingforwardexclusivelytosomepositiveorfavourableoutcome;itmaybewell-foundedinprobabilityorcompletelybeyondthescopeofthepossible.Expectsuggestslookingforwardeithertoapositiveortoanegativeoutcome,butth