unit-5-text解析.ppt

UnitFive,NeverJudgebyappearances,BackgroundInformation,TheAuthorKobeYokohamaBridgeCocktailGinFizzes,TheAuthorofthetext,Achievements:OfHumanBondage(1915)TheMoonandSixpence(1919)TheCircle(1921)TheTremblingofaLeaf(1921)EastofSuez(1922)OurBetters(1923)ThePaintedVeil(1925)TheBritishAgent(1928),CakesandAle(1930)FirstPersonSingular(1931)AhKing(1933)ChristmasHoliday(1939)TheHourBeforetheDawn(1942)TheRazorsEdge(1944)ARomance(1948)Quartet(1948),Maugham,WilliamSomerset:1874-1965Birthplace:EnglandNationality:British,Maugham,WilliamSomerset(1874-1965):,HeisanEnglishauthor,whosenovelsandshortstoriesarecharacterizedbygreatnarrativefacility,simplicityofstyle,andadisillusionedandironicpointofview.MaughamwasborninParisandstudiedmedicineattheUniversityofHeidelbergandatSaintThomassHospital,London.HispartiallyautobiographicalnovelOfHumanBondage(1915)isgenerallyacknowledgedashismasterpieceandisoneofthebestrealisticEnglishnovelsoftheearly20thcentury.,威廉萨默塞特毛姆,英国小说家、戏剧家。生于律师家庭。父母早死，由伯父接回英国抚养。原来学医，后转而致力写作。他的作品常以冷静、客观乃至挑剔的态度审视人生，基调超然，带讽刺和怜悯意味，在国内外拥有大量读者。著名的有戏剧圈子，长篇小说人生的枷锁、月亮和六便士，短篇小说集叶的震颤、卡苏里那树、阿金等。毛姆属于现实主义作家，但是小说当中有部分自然主义特征。例如重视环境描写，以及反映中下层人民。,Maugham,WilliamSomerset(1874-1965):,TheMoonandSixpence(1919)isastoryoftheconflictbetweentheartistandconventionalsociety,basedonthelifeoftheFrenchpainterPaulGauguin;othernovelsareThePaintedVeil(1925),CakesandAle(1930),ChristmasHoliday(1939),TheHourBeforetheDawn(1942),TheRazorsEdge(1944),andCataline:ARomance(1948).AmongthecollectionsofhisshortstoriesareTheTremblingofaLeaf(1921),whichincludes“MissThompson,”laterdramatizedasRain;Ashenden:orTheBritishAgent(1928);FirstPersonSingular(1931);AhKing(1933);andQuartet(1948).Healsowrotesatiriccomedies-TheCircle(1921)andOurBetters(1923)-themelodramaEastofSuez(1922),essays,andtwoautobiographies.,Kobe,Kobeisamajorindustrialcenterandrailwayhub;itisalsoaculturalcenter.KobewasheavilybombedduringWorldWarIIbutwasrebuiltandenlarged.Kobe,city,capitalofHyogoprefecture,SHonshu,Japan,onOsakaBay.OneoftheleadingJapaneseports,itisalsoamajorindustrialcenterandrailwayhub.,Kobe,Itispartofatransportationnetwork,whichincludesexpresstrainsandhighways,thatlinksittoOsaka,Kyoto,andNagoya.Ithasshipbuildingyards,vehiclefactories,ironandsteelmills,sugarrefineries,andchemical,rubber,andfood-processingplants.Aculturalcenter,Kobehasseveralcollegesanduniversitiesandmanytemplesandshrines.KobewasheavilybombedduringWorldWarIIbutwasrebuiltandenlarged,withmuchcommercialbuildingtakingplaceonlandfillinOsakaBay.,Kobe,神户是一个位于日本西部近畿地方兵库县的都市，是兵库县的县厅所在地，位于京阪神大都市圈，也是政令指定都市之一，日本国际贸易港口城市，位于日本四大岛中最大的一个岛本州岛的西南部，西枕六甲山，面向大阪湾，它的存在已有千年历史，而城市和海港建设的规模和速度跨入世界之冠，则是近二三十年的事。神户是日本最美丽、最有异国风情的港口城市之一。神户地处绿茵葱郁的六甲山国立公园和碧波荡漾的濑户内海之间，背山面海，自然环境优越，气候温暖，四季分明。1981年世界第一座人工岛港岛人工岛和后来的六甲人工岛的竣工，加以21世纪复合城市的创建、世界最长的吊桥明石海峡大桥的开通，都展现了未来都市神户的风貌。神户是一个风景宜人的国际贸易港口城市，由于曾受到来自西方文化的影响神户在日本的位置，所以充满了东西合璧的风情。从高处鸟瞰，整个神户大大小小的房屋都密密地安插在六甲山起伏的山岗中间，显得错落有致。与国内高耸的居民建筑不同，这个城市的房屋虽然相隔较密，但少有林立的高楼，所以显得和谐而精致。神户拥有三宫、元町、海湾区及北野、南京街等众多的繁华街道,并且这些街道各有独到之处。,Yokohama,YokohamaistheJapanssecondlargestcityandoneoftheleadingseaportsinJapan.IthasrevivedandprosperedaftertheheavybombardmentduringWorldWarII.Yokohama,city,capitalofKanagawaprefecture,SEHonshu,Japan,onthewesternshoreofTokyoBay,Japanssecondlargestcityandoneofitsleadingseaports.,Yokohama,YokohamahasexcellenttransportationlinkswithmostmajorJapanesecities.Virtuallydestroyedbyanearthquakeandfiresin1923,Yokohamawasquicklyrebuilt;thecitywasmodernized,andextensiveimprovementsweremadeinitsharbor.YokohamasufferedheavybombardmentduringWorldWarII,butitrevivedandprospered.Thecityhasfouruniversities;avarietyofChristianchurches,Shintoshrines,andtemples;andnumerousparksandgardens,notablyNogeyamaPark,whichwascreatedaftertheearthquake.,Yokohama,横滨（），日本神奈川县的县政府所在地。面积434平方千米，人口3559226人(2004年)。著名于世界的国际港口市。仅次于东京，为日本第二大城。1923年（大正12年）9月1日，由于关东地区发生大地震，横滨市的房屋和建筑物相继倒塌，整个城市化为一片火海。死者达2万余人，完全毁坏的房屋达6万户，遭到了毁灭性的打击，但在市民的不懈努力之下，到了昭和4年已基本恢复了原状。,Tarumi,TarumiisacityinJapan.ThecitywasfoundedonOctober1,1958.Asof2003,thecityhasanestimatedpopulationof19,512andapopulationdensityof120.55personsperkm.Thetotalareais161.86km.垂水市是位于日本鹿儿岛县辖下的一个城市，位于大隅半岛的西北部，面向鹿儿岛湾并与樱岛相接。人口逐年减少，目前人口有过少化的倾向。一般认为名称是由于过去垂水城所在地的悬崖下方，有泉水从岩石间的缝隙滴下，并成为附近唯一的饮用水来源，因此命名为“垂水”。,Bridge,Bridge,cardgamederivedfromwhist,playedwith52cardsbyfourplayersintwopartnerships.BridgeprobablyoriginatedintheMiddleEastinthe19thcent.,Bridge,桥牌：两个对两个的四人牌戏，种类繁多。共同点是庄家的同伴亮牌，庄家可以定将牌或无将牌，对方可以加倍，本方可以再加倍。简单地说，桥牌是扑克的一种打法。桥牌作为一种高雅、文明、竞技性很强的智力性游戏。桥牌已经成为2012年夏季奥运会表演项目和2007年全国大学生运动会正式比赛项目。桥牌所使用普通扑克牌去掉大小王后的52张扑克牌，共分梅花、方片、红桃、黑桃四种花色。,Cocktail,Cocktail,shortmixeddrinkoriginatingintheUnitedStatesandservedasanappetizer.Itgenerallyhasabasisofgin,whisky,rum,orbrandycombinedwithvermouthorfruitjuicesandoftenflavoredwithbittersorgrenadine.Itisblendedbystirringorshakinginavesselcontainingcrackedice.Thetermisalsoappliedtononalcoholicbeveragesservedasappetizers,e.g.,tomatojuicecocktail,andalsotomixed,cut-upfruitsandtoshellfishandoystersservedwithasharpsauce.,鸡尾酒（cocktail）是一种混合饮品，是由两种或两种以上的酒或饮料、果汁、汽水混合而成，有一定的营养价值和欣赏价值。鸡尾酒通常以朗姆酒、金酒、龙舌兰、伏特加、威士忌、白兰地等烈酒或葡萄酒作为基酒，再配以果汁、蛋清、苦精、牛奶、咖啡、糖等其他辅助材料，加以搅拌或摇晃而成的一种混合饮品，最后还可用柠檬片、水果或薄荷叶作为装饰物。,玛格丽特血腥玛丽龙舌兰日出,激情海岸长岛冰茶琴费士GinFizz,GinFizzes,Gin,spirituousliquordistilledchieflyfromfermentedcereals,maltedandunmalted,andflavoredwithjuniperberries.Ginfizzes,acocktailofgin,eggwhite,limeandlemonjuice,sugar,andcream,shakenwithiceandoftentoppedwithsodaorseltzer.杜松子酒是世界七大烈性酒之一，它具有芳芬诱人的香气，无色透明之液体，味道清新爽口。杜松子酒最先由荷兰生产，在英国大量生产后闻名于世。,GinFizzes,GlobalReading,1.Word-web(Directions:)Thinkofasmanyaspossiblewordsandphrasesaboutfriend.friendly,sociable,amiable,intimate,close,chummy,warm-hearted,cordial,nice,generous,helpful,thoughtful,cruel,heartless,humorous,frank,stubborn,active,hardtotalkto,strict,smart,organized,decent,cautiousandtimid,sophisticatedandvicious,GlobalReading,2.Prediction(Directions:)PredictwhatthetextisaboutorwhatkindsofplotarepossibleundersuchatitleYoumaythink:astoryabouthowpeoplehelpedtheirfriendinneed.Anentirelydifferentstory:Thosewhoappeartobefriendlymayturnouttobesoevil-mindedastobereadytostrikeacruelblowatafriendinneed.,StructureAnalysis,PartDivisionoftheTextFurtherUnderstanding(1)QuestionsandAnswers(2)TextAnalysis(3)DiscussionandDebate,PartDivisionoftheText(page147),Part1:(P1)Part2:(P23)Part3:(P451),Itisnoeasyjobtojudgepeople,fortheyarentalwayswhattheyappeartobe.Kindandgentle,EdwardBurton,awealthymerchant,appearedasifhecouldnotbeartohurtafly.Asitturnedout,Burtonwascold-bloodedenoughtosendafriendtocertaindeath.,PartDivisionoftheText(page38),Section1:(P416)Section2:(P1731)Section3:(P3251),WhatEdwardknewaboutLenny.HowEdwardrepondedtoLennysrequest.HowEdward,a“kind”gentleman,handledafriendindesperateneedofhelp.,FurtherUnderstanding,QuestionsandAnswers1.WhonarratesPartsIandII?2.WhonarratesPartIII?3.Whyistheresuchadifference?,QuestionsandAnswers,1.WhonarratesPartsIandII?A:PartIandPartIIarenarratedby“I”,whooffershissubjectiveopinionofBurtonscharacter.2.WhonarratesPartIII?A:InPartIIIBurtonhimselftakesoverthenarrationtotellwhathappenedbetweenhimandafriendintrouble.Hesoundscoolandobjective;justbecauseofthisheisshowntobesoviciousandsocold-blooded.3.Whyistheresuchadifference?A:Whencontrastsabound,itishardforreaderstoeasilypredictwhatwillhappennext.,SentencesAnalysisoftheText,FormyownpartIfindthemoretheypuzzleme.1.Whatdoes“formyownpart”mean?(=ItmeansasfarasIamconcerned.)2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=拿我自己来说，我发现，认识一个人的时间越长，我就越感到困惑。),SentencesAnalysisoftheText,UnlessIhadheardthestoryfromhisownlips,capableofsuchanaction.Paraphrasethissentence.(=IfIhadntheardthestorytoldbyhimself,Ishouldneverhavebelievedthathecoulddosuchathing.Thisisasubjunctivemood.),SentencesAnalysisoftheText,Hereifeverwasamanallofapiece.1.Paraphrasethissentence.(=Hereifthereeverwasamanwhoisthesameashelookslike.)2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.(=要说真有表里如一的人的话，那就是此公了。),SentencesAnalysisoftheText,Heplayedagoodgameandagenerousone.Paraphrasethesentence.(=Heplayedwellanddiditinagracefulway.),SentencesAnalysisoftheText,5hecouldtellwithpointagoodsomethingofanathlete.1.Whatcanweinferfromthispart?(=Weknowthisguywasquitehumorousandeasy-going.Thesecondsentenceimplieshelookedhealthy.Shortandsmallasheis,hedoesnotlookmorbid.Allhisthingsdepictagoodandkindelderlyman.)2.TranslatethispartintoChinese.(=他能绘声绘色地讲个来劲儿的段子什么的，他年轻时多少还是个运动员呢。),SentencesAnalysisoftheText,Hestrokedhisshavenchinwithhisthinhand;almosttransparent.1.Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?(=Hewasveryfrail.Hisappearancesuggestsnohurt.ThisdescriptionofhishandisaproofofwhathasbeenmentionedinLL.34-36thathewasveryfrailandcouldeasilyarouseothersinstinctsofprotectionandseemedtobeamanwhowouldnotbeartohurtafly.)2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=他用瘦小的手摸了摸剃得光光的下巴；手上青筋鼓起，手白得几乎透明。),SentencesAnalysisoftheText,Isupposethatiswhyhecametomewhenanamesakeofmine.1.Analyzethestructureofthissentence.(=Isuppose后接宾语从句;从句中的主语为that;thatandthefact为前一个that的同位语，用来进行补充说明。也就是说,他来找我的原因有二：一是that(两个that指代的是相同的事件)，二是thefactthat.)2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=大概就是因为这个，当他落得一文不名的时候，就来找我了，再说他和我同姓。),SentencesAnalysisoftheText,Igotsomeglimmeringofwhatattheiruniversitytobeimpressedbyit.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.(=我听出了一点他话里的意思。上大学时自以为了不起的人我见得多了，我才不吃这套呢。),SentencesAnalysisoftheText,ButIneednthavehurried;heneverturnedup.Whatdoesthesentenceimply?(=He(Burton)wasevil-mindedandcold-blooded,hadnosympathyatall.),SentencesAnalysisoftheText,Well,Ihadntgotavacancyinmyofficeatthemoment.Whatdoesthesentenceimply?(=Hednevertakenseriouslythefriendsneedforhelp,oractuallyhehadneverthoughtofgivinghispoorfriendahand.),DiscussionandDebate,Discussion1.Whatdoyouthinkoffriendshipandhowdoyougetit?Forreference:Friendshipneedsnourishing,trytounderstandeachother,tofindafriendindeed.Firstofall,shouldthrowawaytheirpracticalpurposes,secondly,sincere,generous,considerateandwarm-hearted,shouldsupportinsteadofdiscarding,whoislackofluck,thirdly,if,feelbetrayedbyonesfriend,consider,treatthisfriendsincerely,bybehavingthisway,canfindtruefriends,DiscussionandDebate,2.Whydoyouthinkpeopleneedfriends?Forreference:Peopleneedfriendsfordifferentreasons,somepeople,forthesakeofcompanionship,feellonely,joke,talkaboutbooks,museonthemeaningoflife,manyonlinefriends,chatroom,althoughinvisible,findtheirheartsareclose,atoppriority,theothers,needfriends,canaidthem,earnmoremoney,arriveattheirdestination,achievesuccessintheircareers,likeabigtreetofallbackon,aladderonwhichtoclimbup,DiscussionandDebate,DebateNatureVS.Nurture(Directions:)Joininadebateconcerningthemoldingofcharacterbetweentwogroups.GroupAarguesthatinternalcausesplayamajorpartinshapingapersonscharacter.GroupBholdsthatexternalcausesperformakeyroleinformingapersonscharacter.Forreference:internalcauses:genes,family,parenting,externalcauses:friends,customsandtraditions,familyatmosphere,schooling,peers,socioeconomicfactors,WritingPractice,Howtodescribeaperson1.Whoishe?2.Hisphysicaldescription3.Hisclothing4.Hispersonality5.Conclusion,WritingPractice,Usefulexpressionsandpatterns1.Hestall/mediumheight/fairlyshortandheavy/well-built/thin/plump.2.Hesgotasquare/broad/narrow/round/long/wrinkledface.3.Hesgotapointed/doublechin.4.Shesslim.5.Sheswearingabluedressandwhitesandals/ablouseandhigh-heelshoes/aturtlesweaterandapen