Unit-3.A-hanging.-ppt.ppt

Unit3AHanging,Objectives:-RelatedInformation:Ssfive-minutepresentation-Textcomprehension(p.38)-DiscussioninTextorganizationandideas-Languagepoints,GeorgeOrwell,EricArthurBlair(25June190321January1950),betterknownbyhispennameGeorgeOrwell,wasanEnglishauthor.Hisworkismarkedbyaprofoundconsciousnessofsocialinjustice,anintense,revolutionaryoppositiontototalitarianism(极权主义),apassionforclarityinlanguageandabeliefindemocraticsocialism.,Consideredperhapsthe20thcenturysbestchroniclerofEnglishculture,hewroteworksinmanydifferentgenresincludingnovels,essays,polemicjournalism,semi-sociologicalliterarycriticism,andpoetry.HismostfamousworksareHomagetoCatalonia(1938);hispersonalaccountofhisexperiencesandobservationsintheSpanishCivilWar,thesatiricalnovellaAnimalFarm(1945),thedystopiannovelNineteenEighty-Four(1949),andhisnumerousessays.Orwellsinfluenceonpopularandpoliticalcultureremainsapparent,withnumerousofhisliteraryconcepts,andthetermOrwellianenteringthepopularvernacular.,DeathPenalty,DeathPenalty,EightMainMethodsofExecutionWorldwide1.Beheading:Onlytwocountriesexecutepeoplebychoppingtheirheadoff:SaudiArabiaandIraq.2.Electricchair:(USonly)Nobodyknowshowquicklyapersondiesfromtheelectricshock,orwhattheyexperience.3.Firingsquad:Theprisonerisboundandshotthroughtheheartbymultiplemarksmen.ThismethodisusedinBelarus,China,Somolia,Taiwan,Uzbekistan,Vietnam,andothercountries.,4.Guillotine(断头台):AfamousFrenchinvention,notusedinNorthAmerica.Amachinewithaheavyknifeseverstheneck.Deathcomesveryquickly.5.Hanging:ifproperlyconducted,thisisahumanemethod.Theneckisbrokenanddeathcomesquickly.ThismethodisusedinEgypt,Iran,Japan,Jordan,Pakistan,Singaporeandothers.6.Lethalinjection:Lethaldrugsareinjectedintotheprisonerwhilehelaysstrappeddowntoatable.Thistechniquehasbeenchallengedrecentlybythosewhofeelthattheprisonermaynotberenderedunconsciousbythedrugs.LethalinjectionisalsousedinChina,Guatemala,Philippines,andThailand.,7.Poisongas:CyanidecapsulesaredroppedintoacidproducingHydrogenCyanide,adeadlygas.Thistakesmanyminutesofagonybeforeapersondies.8.Stoning:Theprisonerisoftenburieduptoherorhisneckandpeltedwithrocksuntiltheyeventuallydie.Therocksarechosensothattheyarelargeenoughtocausesignificantinjurytothevictim,butarenotsolargethatasinglerockwillkilltheprisoner.StoningisusedinAfghanistanandIran,asapenaltyformurder,adultery,blasphemy,andothercrimes.,TheDeathPenaltyProjectFormorethantwentyyearstheDeathPenaltyProjecthasworkedtopromoteandprotectthehumanrightsofthosefacingthedeathpenalty.Theorganisationsmainobjectivesare:Toprovidefreeandeffectivelegalrepresentationandassistancetothoseindividualswhoarefacingthedeathpenalty;Topromotetherestrictionofthedeathpenaltyinlinewithinternationalminimumlegalrequirements;Toupholdanddevelophumanrightsstandardsandthecriminallaw;andTopromoteincreasedawarenessandgreaterdialoguewithkeystakeholdersonthedeathpenalty.,Alloutagainstthedeathpenalty,Tirelesschampionfortheabolitionofthedeathpenaltythroughouttheworld,theEUproposesaEuropeandayagainstthedeathpenalty.TheEUwantstoseethedeathpenaltybecomeathingofthepasteverywhereontheplanet.Itscampaignisbasedonrespectforpeoplesdignity,regardlessoftheiractions,asenshrinedinthecharteroffundamentalrights.Aspartofthiscampaign,theEUcommissionisproposingthat10Octoberbenotonlytheworlddayagainstthedeathpenalty,butaEuropeandaytoo.AttheinternationalconferencetobeheldinLisbonon9October,ajointdeclarationistobesignedbytheEUandtheCouncilofEuropetopromotetheuniversalabolitionofthedeathpenalty.,UnderstandingtheDeathPenaltyinChina,WhilethereseemstobeaongoingdebateintheWestastowhetherornotthedeathpenaltyshouldbeallowedtoexist,mostChinesepeopleseemtosupporttheuseofcapitalpunishmentintheircountry.Forthem,moderncapitalpunishmentinChinaissimplyamorecivilizedwayofenforcingwhathasalwaysbeenaneyeforaneyeandatoothforatoothmentalityinChina.Peopleshouldpayfortheircrimes.MostChinesepeopleseemdisliketheideaofleavingaprisonerinjailforlife.Forthem,theideaofonelesscrookorfraudsteronthestreetsofChinaseemstobequitepleasant.ChinesepublicopinionseemstobewiththeCCPontheissueofthedeathpenalty.AlmosteveryoneinChinaiswillingtodowhatittakestolowerthecrimeratesintheirdevelopingcountry.,DeathPenaltyOutlawed(year),Albania(2000)Andorra(1990)Angola(1992)Argentina(2008)Armenia(2003)Australia(1984)Austria(1950)Azerbaijan(1998)Belgium(1996)Bhutan(2004)Bosnia-Herzegovina(1997)Bulgaria(1998)Cambodia(1989)Canada(1976)CapeVerde(1981)Chile(2008)Colombia(1910)CookIslands(2007)CostaRica(1877)CtedIvoire(2000)Croatia(1990)Cyprus(1983)CzechRepublic(1990)Denmark(1933)Djibouti(1995)DominicanRepublic(1966)EastTimor(1999)Ecuador(1906)Estonia(1998)Finland(1949)France(1981)Georgia(1997)Germany(1949)Greece(1993)Guinea-Bissau(1993)Haiti(1987)Honduras(1956)Hungary(1990)Iceland(1928)Ireland(1990)Italy(1947)Kiribati(1979)Liberia(2005)Liechtenstein(1987)Lithuania(1998)Luxembourg(1979)Macedonia(1991)Malta(1971),MarshallIslands(1986)Mauritius(1995)Mexico(2005)Micronesia(1986)Moldova(1995)Monaco(1962)Montenegro(2002)Mozambique(1990)Namibia(1990)Nepal(1990)Netherlands(1870)NewZealand(1961)Nicaragua(1979)Niue(n.a.)Norway(1905)Palau(n.a.)Panama(1903)Paraguay(1992)Poland(1997)Portugal(1867)Philippines(2006)Romania(1989)Rwanda(2007)Samoa(2004)SanMarino(1848)SoTomandPrncipe(1990)Senegal(2004)Serbia(2002)Seychelles(1993)SlovakRepublic(1990)Slovenia(1989)SolomonIslands(1966)SouthAfrica(1995)Spain(1978)Sweden(1921)Switzerland(1942)Turkey(2002)Turkmenistan(1999)Tuvalu(1978)Ukraine(1999)UnitedKingdom(1973)Uruguay(1907)Uzbekistan(2008)Vanuatu(1980)VaticanCity(1969)Venezuela(1863),DeathPenaltyPermitted,AfghanistanAntiguaandBarbudaBahamasBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelarusBelizeBotswanaBurundiCameroonChadChina(PeoplesRepublic)ComorosCongo(DemocraticRepublic)CubaDominicaEgyptEquatorialGuineaEritreaEthiopiaGabonGhanaGuatemalaGuineaGuyanaIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqJamaicaJapanJordanKorea,NorthKorea,SouthKuwait,LaosLebanonLesothoLibyaMalawiMalaysiaMongoliaNigeriaOmanPakistanPalestinianAuthorityQatarSt.KittsandNevisSt.LuciaSt.VincentandtheGrenadinesSaudiArabiaSierraLeoneSingaporeSomaliaSudanSwazilandSyriaTaiwanTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTrinidadandTobagoUgandaUnitedArabEmiratesUnitedStatesVietnamYemenZambiaZimbabwe,Questionstobeasked:(1)Whereandwhendidthestorytakeplace?ThestorytookplaceinBurmaonasoddenmorningoftherains.(2)Provideageneraldescriptionofthecondemnedcells.Thecondemnedcells,arowofshedsfrontedwithdoublebars,werelikesmallanimalcages.Eachcellwasabouttenfeetlongandtenfeetwideandwasquitebarewithinexceptforaplankbedandapotfordrinkingwater.Insomeofthecellsbrownsilentmenweresquattingattheinnerbars,withtheirblanketsdrapedroundthem.,Burma,AHistoryofCapitalPunishmentinBurma,Burmahasalonghistoryofcapitalpunishment,tracingitsrootsbacktothemonarchyperiod.Itwasalsousedthroughoutthecolonialera.Evenduringthedemocracyperiod,theelectedgovernmentsentencedcriminalsandpoliticalprisonerstodeath.OneofthefamousheroesoftheBurmeseindependentmovement,MajChinKaung,waschargedwithtreasonandsentencedtodeathbecausehewasamemberoftheCommunistParty,whichhadbeenfightingtheBurmesegovernmentsince1948.Fortunately,hewaspardonedbythesecondBurmesepresident,MannWinMaung,oneofhiscolleaguesduringtheindependencestruggle.Otherpoliticalprisonerswerenotsolucky.Theirdeathsentenceswerecarriedout.,Thepresentmilitarygovernmenthascontinuedtousecapitalpunishmenttooppresspoliticalactivists.FollowingtheDecember1974BurmesestudentsuprisingprominentstudentleaderTinMaungOowassentencedtodeath.Hewasexecutedafewmonthslater.In1976,anArmycaptain,OhnKyawMyaint,wassentencedtodeathforattemptingtoassassinatetheBurmesedictator,NeWin.Inthe1980s,dozensofmembersoftheKarenNationalUnion(KNU)werearrestedinthePeguMountainsregionandsentencedtodeath.,Languagepoints:P32-1.ItwasinBurma,onasoddenmorningoftherains.ThestorytookplaceinBurmaonaverywetmorningduringtherainyseason.sodden:adj.extremelywet,thecondemnedcells:theverysmallroomsinaprisonwhereprisoners,whohadbeensentencedtodeathandwhowereduetobehangedwithinaweekortwo,werebeingkept.,arowofshedsfrontedwithdoublebars:alineofone-storybuildingswhosefrontwasstrengthenedwithbothinnerandouterbarsP32-1.Eachcellmeasuredabouttenfeetbytenandwasquitebarewithinexceptforaplankbedandapotfordrinkingwater.Eachcondemnedcellwasabouttenfeetlongandtenfeetwide,ineachofwhichtherewasonlyaplankbedandapotfordrinkingwater.,Plankbeds,pots,squatdrapesth.round/oversth.else:hang(cloth,curtains,acloak,etc.)looselyonsth.else.,Hindus,punyadj.verysmallandweakwispn.asmall,tinybunchofIndianwardern.ajailer,apersonwhoworksasaguardinaprison.,Paragraphs2-7Theseparagraphsdescribehowacondemnedprisonerwaspreparedforthegallows,howhewasescortedonhiswaytothegallowsandhowhereacted,behaved,andmarched.,gallowsn.astructureforthehangingofcriminals.,Rifles,Fixedbayonetn.handcuffn.apairoflockablelinkedmetalringsforsecuringaprisonerswrists,caressv.treatfondly,kindly,orfavorablygripn.atighthold,afirmgraspv.seizefirmlyyieldv.giveup,surrender,P32-2.Buthestoodquiteunresisting,yieldinghisarmslimplytotheropes,asthoughhehardlynoticedwhatwashappening.Buthestood,withoutputtingupanyresistance.Heletthewardersbinduphislimparmswiththeropes,asifhewerenotawareofwhatwashappening.limplyadv.notstifflyorfirmly;inawaywhichlacksstrengthorenergy,Prisonsandprisoners,prisoners,Buglesfloatvi.moveinair,waterorgas;driftslowlybarracks:n.buildingsforsoldiers,Superintendents,P32-3.Thesuperintendentofthejail,whowasstandingapartfromtherestofus,moodilyproddingthegravelwithhisstick.Theheadofthejail,whowasstandingatadistancefromtherestofus,dvi.pokesth.withonesfingerorsth.pointed.e.g.Theboyisproddingthesandybeachwithastick,enjoyingitverymuch.,ADravidianinawhitedrillsuit,Goldspectacles,magistraten.civilofficer,puddlen.asmallpoolofwater,esp.ofrainwateronapathorroade.g.Asithasbeenrainingfordays,therearemanypuddlesonthepath.,onthedrop:onthetrapdooronthegallowswithasuddensnap:withasuddensharpnoise;withasuddensharpcrack,servilea.slavish,tooreadytoobeyothers;lackingindependence.e.g.Istronglydislikehisservileflatteryandhisservilemanner.noosen.aloopwitharunningknot,tighteningastheropeispulled.reiteratevt.sayordosth.againorrepeatedly,neverfalteringforaninstant:neverwaveringforamomentfaltervi.(ofonesvoice)waver;speakhesitatingly;act,move,orwalkhesitatinglyusu.becauseoffear,weakness,orindecision33-11.Hisheadonhischest:Hewasloweringhishead.,clank:v.makeasharp,hard,metallicsound.twist:v.turnroundP34-13.Veryslowlyrevolving,asdeadasastone.Hisdeadbodywasturninginacircleslowly.,oscillate:v.swingbackandforthwithasteadyrhythm.(causeto)moverepeatedlyandregularlyfromonepositiontoanotherandbackagain;waverApendulumoscillates.,34-14.Heisallright:Theprisonerisabsolutelydead.tinpannikins,ladlevt.servefoodwithaladleorinlargequantities;distributesth.(too)lavishlyP34-15.Anenormousreliefwasdone:NowthattheHinduwashanged,wefelttremendouslyrelieved.,P34-15.Onefeltanimpulsetosingtosnigger:Onefeltasuddenurgetosingsongs,tostartrunningandtolaughinahalf-suppressedmannertogetridoftheirfears.P34-15.Allatonceeveryonebeganchatteringgaily.Allofasudden,everyonebegantalkingquicklyandcheerfully.,silvercigarettecases,Eurasianboy,garrulouslyad.talkingawayaboutunimportantthingsSomepeopletendtotalkgarrulouslyabouttrifles.P34-18.“IhaveknowncasesMostagreeable.”“Ihaveknowninstanceswherethedoctorwasobligedtogobeneaththegallowsandpulltheprisonerslegstomakesurethattheconvictwasreallydead.Thisisamostunpleasantthingtodo.”,wriggle:v.twistandturnthebodyrefractoryadj.stubborn,rebelliousdislodge:v.remove34-20.Youwillscarcelycredit,sir,thatittooksixwarderstodislodgehim,threepullingateachleg.:Youwillhardlybelieve,sir,sixwardersremovedhimfromhisfixedposition,threepullingateachleg.,geniallyad.kindly;pleasantly;sociablyOurteacherpresentshislecturesgenially.P35-22.Weallhada