Unit-12-Teaching-writing.ppt

Unit12TeachingWriting,Aimsoftheunit,Inthisunitwewilldiscusshowteacherscanhelpstudentsdeveloptheirwritingskills.Wewillfocusonthefollowing:,What,whyandhowdowewrite?AcommunicativeapproachtowritingProblemsinwritingtasksinexistingtextbooksandclassroomteachingAprocessapproachtowritingMotivatingstudentstowriteDesigningwritingtasksWritingthroughtheInternet,Whatdowewrite?,journals;diaries;notes,learningnotesessays;reportsmenus;fillinginforms;answerquestionaires;etc.,Howdowewrite?,e.g.diarieslearningnotesSolitary(individualwork),jectworkpostersCollaborative(groupwork),Whendowewrite?,preparecurricularvita,applyforaposition,joinasportsclub,Whydowewrite?,ToconveymessagesTokeeparecordofwhatisinourmindselfcreationCommunicationmeaning,Toconsolidatewhatwelearnedlanguagelearningaccuracy,for,for,methodorapproachofteachingwriting,Twoapproachestowriting,thecommunicativeapproachtheprocessapproachtheteachingofwritingshouldfocusontheprocessratherthantheproduct,andthatallthewritingtasksshouldhavecommunicativepurposes.,12.2Acommunicativeapproachtowriting,Toengagestudentsinsomeactofcommunication.Thismeanseitherwritingforaspecificrecipient,orengaginginanactofcreativewriting.Somewritingactivitiescanbebetween“writingforlearning”and“writingforcommunication”.,Task:,Readsomewritingactivitiesanddecidewhichactivitiesarewritingforconsolidatinglanguage,whicharewritingforcommunication,andwhichareforboth?,product-orientedmethod,T:givesatopic/aselectionoftopics,asetofrequirements,atimelimit;Ss:finishthetaskwithinthetimelimithandinthefinalproduct,Old,product-orientedmethodofteachingwriting,paysgreatattentiontotheaccuracyofthefinalproductbutignorestheprocess,whichthestudentsgothroughtoreachthefinalgoal.Ifthestudentsfailtoproducesomethingsatisfactory,theyaretoldtodoitagain.,Processapproachtowriting,Guidethestudentsthroughtheprocessofwriting.Whatistheprocessofwriting?,Whatdostudentsandtheteacherdo?,Beforewriting:1.creatingamotivationtowrite2.brainstorming3.mapping4.freewriting5.outlining,Aofreading4.conferencingP213-221,Creatingamotivationtowrite,HaveaclearpurposeorareasontowriteThetopicforwritingshouldbeFamiliarMeaningfulrelevanttostudents,lifeandinterest.,Tothinkfreelyandputdownallpossibleideasthatcometotheirminds.,Brainstorming,Smoking,Writeacompositiononthetopicof“Smoking”,badforhealthcauselungcancerexpensivebadfornon-smokerspollutetheaircausefire,dangerouswastemoneysmokinginpublicplaceindoorsmokingsmokinginpublicplaces,Mapping,toselecttheusefulideastoseehowtheseideascanbeputtogetherinacoherentorlogicalway,Smoking,1.Badforhealthcauselungcancerbadfornon-smokers,2.ExpensiveWastemoney,Smoking,3.Pollutetheairindoorsmokingsmokinginpublicplaces,4.Dangerouscausefire,Mapping-1,1.badforhealthcauselungcancerbadfornon-smokers3.pollutetheairindoorsmokingsmokinginpublicplaces,2.expensivewastemoney4.dangerouscausefire,Mapping-2,Freewriting,followingmappinggiven10to15minutesdonotneedtocaretoomuchaboutspellingorgrammardevelopfluencyinwriting,Outlining,Writeamoredetailedoutline.Anoutlineusuallyillustratesthemainorganizingstructureandthemostimportantpointsofessay.Themainideaofeachparagraphwithtopicsentencesandnotesforsupportingdetails.Anintroductionandaconclusion,Drafting,thedevelopmentofideasaremoreimportant,Editing,Readthroughtheirwritingsandchecktheclarityofideasorthelogicaldevelopmentoftheirarguments.Studentscheckcarefullythegrammar,spellingandpunctuationoftheirwritings.,Peereditingandself-editing,Helpraisetheirawarenessabouthowtodevelopideasandhowtowriteclearlywiththehelpoftheirknowledgeingrammar,spellingandpunctuation.,Notsimplyfinderror,buttonegotiatemeaningandimprovingwritingneedteachersguidance,Notestopeereditors,Youareofferingsuggestionsasacoach,ahelperandafriend.Yoursuggestionsshouldencourageratherthandiscourage.Bespecific.Sayinggoodideadoesnothelpthewritermuch.,Revising,Addingnewpointsordeletingirreleventfacts;Correctingerrorsinspelling,punctuation,grammarorchoiceofwords.,Proofreading,Readthewritingagaincarefullyforanymistakesingrammar,spelling,punctuation,orcapitalization.,Conferencing,Aprivatemeetingbetweentheteacherandeachindividualstudent.,Thefeaturesofprocesswriting,Focusontheprocessofwritingthatleadstothefinalwrittenproduct;HelpstudentwritersunderstandtheirowncomposingprocessGivestudentstimetowriteandrewritePlacecentralimportanceontheprocessofrevisionLetstudentsdiscoverwhattheywanttosayastheywrite,Thefeaturesofprocesswriting,Givestudentsfeedbackthroughoutthecomposingprocesstoconsiderastheyattempttobringtheirexpressionclosertointention;Encouragefeedbackbothfromtheinstructorandpeers;Includeindividualconferencesbetweenteacherandstudentduringtheprocessofcomposition.,Problemsinwritingtasks,Theyaremainlyaccuracy-based.Theyaredesignedtopractiseacertaintargetstructures.Thereisinsufficientpreparationbeforethewritingstage.Thereisnosenseofaudience.Thereisnosenseofauthenticity.Studentsaregivenideastoexpressratherthanbeinginvitedtoinventtheirown.Thereisnoopportunityforcreativewriting,particularforexpressingunusualororiginalideas.Manyofthemaretest-oriented.,Failtohaveacommunicativeelement.,Howtodealwiththem?,Weshouldwriteaboutsth.foraparticularreason.Forexample:Writeaboutourfavoritesportsorhobbies.,(1)Wanttojoinasportsclub.(2)Applyforapositionasasportscommentator.,Motivatingstudentstowrite,1.Makethetopicofwritingascloseaspossibletostudentslife.2.Leavestudentsenoughroomforcreativityandimagination.3.Preparestudentswellbeforewriting.4.Encouragecollaborativegroupwritingaswellasindividualwriting.,Motivatingstudentstowrite,5.Provideopportunitiesforstudentstosharetheirwritings.6.Provideconstructiveandpositivefeedback.7.Treatstudentserrorsstrategically.8.Givestudentsasenseofachievementfromtimetotime.,Writingthroughe-mail,E-mailprovidesaperfectmechanismforstudentstosubmitdraftsandforteacherstolookthemoverattheirconvenienceandsendthembackw