Unit-6--Hypotactic-vs.-Paratactic剖析.ppt

Unit6Hypotacticvs.Paratactic(形合与意合),MoreParataxisinChineseandMoreHypotaxisinEnglishSomeParatacticMethodsinEnglish3.ChineseTranslationofParatacticsentencesinEnglish,问答题：（1）刚性语言与柔性语言之间的差别是什么？举例说明英汉两种不同的语言特征。刚性语言句子结构完整，主谓必须一致，即形式必须接应（formalcohesion）,例如：Hehasstudiedabroadfortwoyears.柔性语言句子结构灵活，更关注意念接应（semanticcoherence）。例如：一言既出，驷马难追。Awordoncespokencannotbeovertakenevenbyateamoffourhorses-whatissaidcannotbeunsaid.,Hypotaxis(形合)isthedependentorsubordinateconstructionorrelationshipofclauseswithconnectives;forexample,Ishalldespairifyoudontcome.Parataxis(意合)isthearrangingofclausesoneaftertheotherwithoutconnectivesshowingtherelationbetweenthem.Example:1)Therainfell;theriverflooded;thehousewaswashedaway.2)Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.3)Heworkedhard,hewasstillpoor.,MoreconjunctionsareusedinEnglish.e.g.If,although,because,when,inorderthat,sothat（1）ThenovelwassointerestingthatIreaditseveraltimes.译文1:小说是如此有趣以至于我把它读了好几遍。译文2：小说很有趣，我读了好几遍。,Translationene：他转过身来看见我手里握着那根上面刻着玛丽布朗的名字的旧钓鱼竿的时候.，两个似以联合关系配列的汉句，常常隐含种种逻辑上的从属关系。两句间的逻辑关系并未因用连词，而趋于模糊；省略连词，表示一气呵成，更显畅洁。恰恰形成对照的是，相应的英语表达却必须变隐含为明示，在逻辑上理清主句与从句的关系，并使用适当的连词而构成形合句。,（2）远看山有色，近听水无声，春去花还在；人来鸟不惊。EnglishTranslation:Whenyoulookafar,themountainsaregreenandclear,（a）Butnosoundofstreamisheardwhenlisteningnear.（a）Theflowersremaininfullbloomwhenspringsaway,（b）Ahumanbeingsapproachthebirddoesntfray.（b）,1.MoreParataxisinChineseandMoreHypotaxisinEnglish1.1隐含“条件”从句的汉语意合句与英语形合句：（1）早知今日，何必当初。IfIhadknownitwouldcometothis,Iwouldhaveacteddifferently.（2）把小孩冻坏了，我们怎么向他的母亲交待？Ifthechildcatchesachill,whatarewegoingtosaytoitsmother?,1.2隐含“时间”从句的汉语意合句与英语形合句（3）他老是见异思迁。Heisalwayschanginghismindthemomentheseessomethingnew.（4）他离乡背井十载，从未回去过。Hehasneverbeenbacktohisbirthplacesinceheleftittenyearsago.,1.3隐含“结果”从句的汉语意合句与英语形合句（5）他说得太快，我们不能理解他的意思。Hespokesorapidlythatwecouldnotclearlyunderstandhim.（6）天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。Itwassocoldthattheriverfroze.,1.4隐含“原因”从句的汉语意合句与英语形合句（7）我只见到他的背影，认不清是谁。Icouldnotmakeoutwhohewasaslonlysawhisback.（8）地面潮湿，一定下过雨了。Itmusthaverained,sincethegroundiswet.,1.5隐含“递进”关系的汉语意合句与英语形合句（10）汤姆做了这件事，做得非常成功。Tomdidit,anddiditverysuccessfully.（11）他们战胜了自然灾害，获得了丰收。Theynotonlyovercametheadversitybutwonabumperharvest.,1.6隐含“转折”关系的汉语意句与英语形合句（9）江山易改，本性难移。Itiseasytochangeriversandmountainsbuthardtochangeapersonsnature.（10）他起初同意了，过后又反悔了。Atfirstheagreed,butlaterhebackedout.,1.7隐含“对比”关系的汉语意合句与英语形合句（11）上海曾是冒险家的乐园，劳动人民的苦海。Shanghaiwasonceparadisefortheadventurers,butthehellfortheworkingpeople.（12）总之，前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。Inaword,whiletheprospectsarebright,theroadhastwistsandturns.,2.SomeParatacticMethodsinEnglish（1）Pooracousticsspoilttheperformance.Becausetheacousticswaspoor,theperformancewasspoilt.音响效果不好，演出大为逊色。（2）ThegoodtidingsfilledthewholenationwithjoyWhenthegoodtidingscame,thewholenationwasfilledwithjoy.捷报传来，举国欢腾。,（3）Hungerdrovethemtoselltheirchildren.原译：饥饿使他们卖儿卖女。改译1：他们因饥饿卖儿卖女。改译2：他们饥饿难忍，卖儿卖女。改译3：他们饿得卖儿卖女。（4）Illnesshadrenderedhimratherweak.原译：疾病使他变得相当虚弱。改译1：他因病相当虚弱。改译2：他身患疾病，相当虚弱。改译3：他病得相当虚弱。,（5）Hisarrogancemadeeveryonedislikehim.原译：他的傲慢使谁也不喜欢他。改译：他态度傲慢，谁也不喜欢他。改译：他傲得没人喜欢他。（6）Thecoldweatherturnedtheleavesred.原译：寒冷的天气使树叶变红了。改译：天气冷了，树叶（变）红了。,3.C-ETranslationofParatacticsentences,（1）Howcouldyou,whenyouknowthatthismightdamagetheapparatus?译文A:既然你知道这样会损坏仪器，你怎么能这样做呢？（形合）译文B:你知道这样会损坏仪器，怎么能这样做呢？（意合）,（2）Ifyoutellmeallaboutit,Ishallbeabletodecide.译文A:如果你把一切都告诉我，那么，我就能作出决定。(形合)译文B:你把一切都告诉我，我就能决定了。(意合)（3）Alittleofeverythingandnothingatall.如果什么事情都是浅尝辄止，终将一事无成。(形合),（4）Admonishyourfriendsinprivate,praisetheminpublic.私下忠告你的朋友，公开场合表扬你的朋友。(意合)（5）Hehadbeenleftaloneforscarcelytwominutes,whenwecamebackwefoundhiminhisarmchair,peacefullygonetosleepbutforever.让他一个人留在房里总共不过两分钟，当我们再进去的时候，便发现他在安乐椅上安静地睡着了但已经永远睡着了。(形合),TranslationAssignment,HowaWisemanSeesit1AmanrecognizedasageniusinbusinesscircleswasinvitedasaguestofhonortoaTVinterview.Everybodywaseagertohearasuccessstoryfromhim.He,however,onlysaidwithaslightsmile,“Wontitbebetterformetoaskyouforadviceonacertainproblem?”2Hereistheproblemheraised:Peopleallrushedtotheplacewhereagoldminehadrecentlybeendiscovered,buttheywereblockedbyariverflowingacrosstheonlywaytoit.Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereamongthem?3“Makearoundaboutway”,someonesuggested.“Swimacross”，saidanother.,Thegeniussmiledwithoutaword.Eventuallyhegavehisview:“Whynotdosomethingelseinsteadofrushingtothemine?Howaboutbuyingaboattodosomeferrying?”4Theaudiencewasshocked.Heexploredcalmly:“Themancouldextortmoneyfromthepassengerstothegreatestextent.Theywerewillingtopaybecausetherewasgoldontheotherbank”.5Dowhattheotherswouldnotliketoordosomethingneverattemptedbeforebyothers-thatisthekeytosuccess.Astraitenedcircumstance,intheeyesofawiseman,oftenmeansapotentialchanceforsuccess.,TranslationWorkshop,HowaWisemanSeesit1AmanrecognizedasageniusinbusinesscircleswasinvitedasaguestofhonortoaTVinterview.Everybodywaseagertohearasuccessstoryfromhim.He,however,onlysaidwithaslightsmile,“Wontitbebetterformetoaskyouforadviceonacertainproblem?”原译：一个聪明的人是怎样看待的？一个在商业界被认为是天才的人被邀请去一个电视访谈节目做嘉宾。每一个人都很迫切地希望从他那里听到一个成功的故事。但是，他只是微笑了一下说道：“让我来征求一下你们对一个特定的问题的建议不是更好吗？”改译：智者的眼睛(眼光/灼见)某电视台邀请一位商界奇才做访谈节目的嘉宾，大家都很想听听他的成功之道。但他只是淡淡一笑，说，“我来提个问题，听听你们的意见，不是更好吗？”,2Hereistheproblemheraised:Peopleallrushedtotheplacewhereagoldminehadrecentlybeendiscovered,buttheywereblockedbyariverflowingacrosstheonlywaytoit.Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereamongthem?原译：这是他所提出的问题：最近一个金矿被发现了，人们都跑去那里，但是他们都被一条唯一流向金矿的河所阻挡了。如果你是他们其中的一员，会怎么做？改译：这就是他提的问题：“某地发现一个金矿，人们蜂拥而至，然而一条大河挡住了必经之路。如果是你，会怎么办?”,3“Makearoundaboutway”,someonesuggested.“Swimacross”，saidanother.Thegeniussmiledwithoutaword.Eventuallyhegavehisview:“Whynotdosomethingelseinsteadofrushingtothemine?Howaboutbuyingaboattodosomeferrying?”原译：有人建议道：“绕道走”。另一个人说：“游泳过去”。天才什么也没说，只是笑着，最终他给出了他的观点：为什么不做其他一些事情而不是跑去那个金矿呢？为什么不去买只船做渡船的生意呢？3有人说“绕道走”，有人说“游过去